Vamoose (yacht)

	Negative image of Vamoose taken in 1891
History
Name	Vamoose
Owner	William Randolph Hearst
Ordered	Winter 1890
Builder	Nathanael Greene Herreshoff
Cost	$65,250 (equivalent to $2,212,700 in 2023)
Yard number	168
Laid down	December 20, 1890
Launched	August 29, 1891
Completed	August 26, 1891
Refit	April 1893
Homeport	New York City
Fate	Unknown
General characteristics
Class and type	coastal steamship
Length	112.5 feet (34.3 m)
Beam	13 feet (4.0 m)
Draft	4.9 feet (1.5 m)
Installed power	875 horsepower (652 kW) quadruple expansion steam engine with Thornycraft boiler (1891), converted to Sterling 4-cyl gas engine (1910)
Propulsion	Single 57-inch (140 cm), three-bladed Zeise propeller
Speed	25.5 knots (47.2 km/h)
Range	2,800 nautical miles (3,200 mi)
Crew	10
Notes	Steel-framed wooden hull

Vamoose was a fast steam-powered private yacht built for William Randolph Hearst by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. Designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, she was based on an earlier torpedo boat commissioned by the United States Navy.^[1] At one point, Vamoose was claimed to be the fastest boat in the world, and her exploits drew attention from newspapers and yachting enthusiasts of the day. The majority of her life was spent in New York metropolitan area; as a member of the American Yacht Club, she participated in regattas as both a competitor and a press boat.^[4] In 1896, Vamoose was outfitted as a private dispatch boat for the New York Evening Journal to cover the Cuban War of Independence.

Design and construction

Vamoose was commissioned from Herreshoff Manufacturing Company by a young William Randolph Hearst in the winter of 1890. Unlike many yachts of the Gilded Age which were built on a grand scale to luxurious standards (like SY Liberty, owned by Hearst's soon-to-be rival Joseph Pulitzer), Vamoose was designed for performance. Her purchase contract reportedly stipulated a minimum speed of 25 knots (46 km/h),^[5] with a bounty of $2,000 per excess half-knot attained.^[1]

In order to satisfy these requirements, lead engineer Nathaniel Herreshoff based the yacht on his earlier design for the U.S. Navy torpedo boat USS Cushing. The new project, known as hull number 168,^[3] would be 28 feet shorter and have one less engine & propeller than Cushing, but would also feature less than half the displacement of the warship. It retained a narrow beam to minimize drag and maximize hull speed. The ship also featured a wood hull framed by steel in order to balance weight with cabin temperature management. A single 875-horsepower quadruple-expansion steam engine was chosen as a powerplant. Thanks to these efforts, Vamoose was reportedly Herreshoff's fastest-yet design. During initial sea trials off Newport, Rhode Island she achieved an average speed of 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h).^[1]

Delivery

At the time of Vamoose's commissioning, Hearst primarily resided in his native San Francisco and had yet to begin his East Coast media empire. The yacht's initial delivery was therefore accepted in New York (on August 29, by her chief engineer Theodore Heilbron) with the intention of relocating her to California soon after.^[1] Two plans were devised for the transcontinental journey: the first involved fitting her with masts and sailing around Cape Horn. The shorter alternative called for steaming to the Isthmus of Panama, then hauling-out and placing her on a specially-designed crib spanning 3 rail cars for an overland crossing on the Panama Canal Railway (PCR) to the Pacific Ocean.^[1] The second plan was ultimately chosen, and multiple bridges over the rail line were even partially-disassembled to accommodate the odd freight dimensions.

Upon reaching Panama, Vamoose was refused passage by railway superintendent Alfred Rives.^[6] Shortly beforehand, Hearst's San Francisco Examiner had reportedly published a poor review of his daughter Amélie Rives' book, and the refusal was interpreted as an act of retaliation. With no way to the Pacific, Vamoose returned to New York.

Service life

Racing career

Shortly after her delivery in New York, Vamoose attracted media attention stemming from her high-profile ownership and high performance.^[1] The yacht's first exploits occurred in early September 1891 when she unofficially challenged the fast passenger steamer Mary Powell on the Hudson River.^[5] After losing an initial bout in unfavorable conditions, Vamoose would earn revenge a week later while she hosted Hearst and a number of guest journalists for a cruise around New York Harbor. After paying a visit to the White Squadron at anchor nearby, the crew spotted Mary Powell departing her berth at 22nd Street (now Chelsea Piers) laden with passengers—many of whom had booked passage just to see the rumored rematch. Vamoose promptly "ran circles" around the steamer (and even outran a northbound New York Central Railroad train).^[5]

Norwood rivalry

With news of her speed quickly making rounds, Hearst received a challenge from fellow publisher and yacht owner Norman Munro. Munro's steam yacht, Norwood, was not only an earlier Herreshoff design, but was also theorized to be the fastest boat in the world. In order to settle the debate, a race was proposed.^[5] By September 29, 1891, the challenge had grown into a highly publicized steam regatta proposed and sponsored by the American Yacht Club with a $500 cash prize (equivalent to $16,956 in 2023). In addition to Vamoose and Norwood, other potential participants were rumored to included USS Cushing, USS Stiletto, and several other private steam yachts.^[7] An initial date was set for October 3, 1891 and advertised in newspapers by the Iron Steamboat Company and Sandy Hook Line, who each sold spectator tickets to watch the event from their steamers.^[8] On the day of the race, Norwood ran aground on her way to the starting point due to the actions of an unqualified pilot. The mishap destroyed her propeller and initiated a series of postponements that would last years.^[9]

In the weeks following the failed meetup, each yacht conducted independent speed trials^[10]^[11] but no true consensus was achieved. After many months of delays attributed to poor weather and mechanical mishaps, the race ultimately failed to materialize.^[12] In September 1893, Munro purchased Vamoose from Hearst for $10,000 (equivalent to $339,111 in 2023) and vowed to race them against each other in order to "satisfy public curiosity,"^[13] but his death in February 1894 apparently prevented that from happening.^[14]

Private use

On May 28, 1893, the yacht hosted President Grover Cleveland, Secretary of State Walter Gresham, Secretary of the Treasury John Carlisle, and Ambassador to Great Britain Thomas Bayard for an afternoon cruise on the Potomac River.^[15]

War of Cuban Independence

Vamoose gained international significance in October 1895, when the New-York Tribune published a "rumor" that Phoebe Hearst (mother of William Randolph) contributed $15,000 (equivalent to $549,360 in 2023) worth of aid toward the efforts of Cuban rebels seeking independence from Spain—including a refit of Vamoose for use as a dispatch boat and potential blockade runner.^[16] In 1896 she was engaged by The New York Journal and repositioned to Key West, Florida, where the paper intended to use her on frequent trips to Havana to gather correspondence from its sources in Cuba. As a fast, privately-owned yacht, she would be free from interference by Spanish authorities, and could make the 87-mile (140 km) journey back to Key West in around four hours (whereafter breaking news could reach the paper's offices instantly by telegram).^[17]

On December 12, 1896, Vamoose's journey southward was delayed in Wilmington, North Carolina when the U.S. Treasury Department ordered her inspected on suspicion of arms trafficking. No contraband was found, and she was released that day.^[18]

Ownership

Between her construction and last-recorded whereabouts, Vamoose changed ownership several times. Her final appearance in a published ship register was the 1917 edition of Lloyd's Register of American Yachts.

*Vamoose* ownership history
Year	Owner	Registered home port	Notes	Ref.
1891	William Randolph Hearst	San Francisco	Constructed 1891; interior refit April 1893	^[2]
1893	Norman Munro	New York City	Purchased autumn 1893	^[13]
1895	Frank T. Morrill	New York City
1901	Howard Gould	New York City		^[19]
1903	Walter P. Lewisohn	New York City		^[20]
1911	J.D. Maxwell	Tarrytown, New York	Powerplant converted to Sterling 4-cylinder gasoline engine c.1910	^[21]
1914	Charles T. Wills	Greenwich, Connecticut		^[22]
1917	J.D. Mawell	Tarrytown, New York		^[23]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Mr. Hearst's New Yacht" (PDF). The New York Times. September 4, 1891. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Busy Days for Yachtsmen" (PDF). The New York Times. April 18, 1893. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Construction Record (1868-1945). Bristol, Rhode Island: Herreshoff Manufacturing Company, Inc. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021 – via MIT Museum.
^ "Yachtsmen Take a Rest" (PDF). The New York Times. August 8, 1892. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "What the Vamoose Can Do" (PDF). The New York Times. September 12, 1891. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ Whyte, Kenneth (2009). The Uncrowned King. Knopf Canada. pp. xii. ISBN 9781458760418.
^ "There Will Be a Race" (PDF). The New York Times. September 29, 1891. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
^ "Excursions". The Sun. October 2, 1891. p. 10. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ "Mishap to the Norwood" (PDF). The New York Times. October 3, 1891. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ "Speed Run of Vamoose" (PDF). The New York Times. October 11, 1891. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
^ "Another Record Broken" (PDF). The New York Times. November 8, 1891. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
^ "Norwood Fails Again" (PDF). The New York Times. June 19, 1892. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Mr. Munro's Offer" (PDF). The New York Times. September 16, 1893. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
^ "Death of Norman L Munro". The New York Times. February 25, 1894. p. 1.
^ "The President Takes a Sail" (PDF). The New York Times. May 29, 1893. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
^ "Personal". The New York Tribune. October 17, 1895. p. 6. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
^ "The Morning Star". The Post-Star. December 10, 1896. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
^ "A Suspected Craft". Buffalo Courier. December 13, 1896. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
^ Yacht Register. London: Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping. 1901. p. 895. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
^ Lloyds Register of American Yachts. Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1903. p. 131. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ Lloyds Register of American Yachts. Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1911.
^ Lloyd's Register of American Yachts. Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1914. p. 253. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
^ Lloyd's Register of American Yachts. Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1917. p. 255. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2021.