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Wikidata weekly summary #661

Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the
week leading up to 2025-01-06. Missed the previous one? See issue #660

Discussions

• New request for comments: Constraints for Germanies - Following from a property discussion on P17 (German non-states), this RfC aims to find consensus on how to apply constraints that exclude items of historical periods in German history.

Upcoming events

• Workshop: Lexicography and linguistic sustainability - Mirandese documentation using Wikidata This Portuguese-language workshop takes place Thursday 16 January, 10:00 - 17:00, Room 208, 206 at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Porto.
• Please submit your proposals for the Data Reuse Days online event until January 12th. See current proposals on the talk page and here's some ideas to inspire you: presentations/demos of tools using Wikidata's data (10mins Lightning Talk presentations), discussions and presentations connecting Wikidata editors with reusers and/or explanations and demos on how to use a specific part of the technical infrastructure to reuse Wikidata's data (APIs, dumps, etc.).
• Talk to the Search Platform / Query Service Team --January 8, 2025. The Search Platform Team holds monthly meetings to discuss anything related to Wikimedia search, Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), Wikimedia Commons Query Service (WCQS), etc.! Time: 16:00-17:00 UTC / 08:00 PDT / 11:00 EDT / 17:00 CET
• The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 17:00 UTC, 15th January 2025 (18:00 Berlin time) in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase.
• Wiki Workshop 2025 Announcement and Call for Papers. Submission deadline: March 9, 2025 (23:59 AoE)

Press, articles, blog posts, videos

• Blogs: (fr) female authors with male pseudonyms, blog post by Le Deuxième Texte including SPARQL queries to find female authors with male pseudonyms.
• Websites :Global Dementia and Risk Factors, website by 'Students at the Maastricht Science Programme', includes data visualizations of the prevalence and current treatments of dementia across the world. It utilises data extracted as SPARQL Endpoints from Wikidata.
• Papers
  • Ontology-grounded Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction by LLM under Wikidata schema - This paper proposes an ontology-driven approach to KG construction using LLMs where competency questions guide ontology creation and relation extraction, leveraging Wikidata for semantic consistency. A scalable pipeline minimizes human effort while producing high-quality, interpretable KGs interoperable with Wikidata for knowledge base expansion. By Xiaohan Feng, Xixin Wu & Helen Meng (2024).
  • Knowledge Incorporated Image Question Answering Using Wikidata Repository - Proposes a Visual Question Answering (VQA) model that integrates external knowledge from Wikidata to address complex open-domain questions by combining image, question, and knowledge modalities. Evaluated on the VQAv2 dataset, the model outperforms prior state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrating improved reasoning and accuracy (Koshti et al., 2024).
• Videos: (arabic) Part 6: SPARQL Demo Session: connecting external services - Sparql SERVICE clause gives access to additional data such as labels via wikibase:label, interaction with MediaWiki APIs using wikibase:mwapi, and integration of data from subgraphs (such as the main graph and the scholarly articles graph). Integration of data from external SPARQL endpoints such as DBpedia.

Tool of the week

• Wikidata Entity Linker - is a Microsoft Edge browser extension that creates web links for matching inner HTML text based on a regex format of Q\d+ which is the format of a Wikidata Entity ID. (email)

Other Noteworthy Stuff

• Vacancy: Research Software Engineer / Wikibase-Expert - The Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) located in Hannover has a research position open for someone interested in the deployment, administration and maintenance of open source knowledge management software such as Mediawiki, Wikibase and OpenRefine as part of the NFDI4Culture partnership within the OSL.
• January 1, 2025, marked Public Domain Day, with hundreds of 1929 films entering the public domain. Sandra has shared helpful notes to assist in making these films discoverable via WikiFlix, by adding video files to Wikicommons and Wikidata. Join the effort!

Newest properties and property proposals to review

• Newest General datatypes:
  • bequest income (the sum a organisations receives from bequests/legacies in a timeframe)
  • taxon known by this common name (taxon item of which this common name refers)
  • homonymous taxon (taxon item of which the taxon name is an exact homonym)
  • role named in credits as (use as qualifier to indicate how the object's role was named in the credits of its respective work)
  • meeting of (subject is a meeting or session of this organization)
• Newest External identifiers: PCGames.de product ID, PUG authority ID, Three Decks class ID, Vidas author ID, Usito ID, ZSL authority ID, Collectie Nederland ID, Hachette author ID, CamerounWeb person ID, Hindi Shabdamitra entry ID, OpenSSF Practices ID, Japanese Health Insurance System Facility ID, Centre d'Etudes Picasso ID, CUATM statistical code, CUATM unique identification code, JudaicaLink person (GND) ID, teams.by national team ID, Eyrolles author ID, Mémoire des avocats ID, BCU Kirundi-English Dictionary ID, Estonian–Latvian Dictionary ID, WHL player ID, Indo-European Lexicon ID, Battle.net game ID, Singapore Unique Entity Number, AniSearch character ID, Three Decks conflict ID, Berlinische Galerie object ID, ThePWHL.com player ID, Play:Right genre ID, Resistance in Belgium ID, Paris Match ID, Kyiv Independent topic, Newmark Albanian-English Dictionary ID, Wellcome Collection concept ID, Amsterdam Monumentenstad ID, VG247 game ID, DNCI label ID, National Football Teams.com stadium ID
• New General datatypes property proposals to review:
  • About box (Screenshot of the About Box of the respective software (contains important information such as authors, license, version number and year(s) and is included in almost every software))
  • nonprofit tax status (country specific tax status of organisations like non-profits)
  • nomenclatural type of (taxon item of which this item is the taxonomic type)
  • World Heritage type (Propriety of World heritage site : the Type (Cultural, Natural, Mixed))
  • DVD region code (DVD release is restricted to region code)
  • number of shading units (Number of shading units in a graphics card.)
  • Archaeological National Register code (identifier of elements of the National archaeological register of Moldova)
  • presented works (works of art performed, displayed or presented at a given event)
  • identifiant REGAFI ()
  • Maximum beam energy (Maximum beam energy of a particle accelerator)
  • Accused of (Crime or other misdeed a person has been accused of, but ''not proven or convicted'')
  • hat gespendet (Amount of money donated to a person or organization)
  • name starts with (The name that this qualifies, the full contents of which are unknown, is known to start with these characters.)
  • духовный сан (formal styles of address used for members of the clergy)
  • A2B2 user ID (User ID on a2b2.org)
• New External identifier property proposals to review: Algeria Press Service tag ID (French), Algeria Press Service tag ID (English), Algeria Press Service tag ID (Arabic), Norsk oversettterleksikon ID, hockey1946.ru player id, footballdatabase.eu match ID, Kamus Pelajar Edisi Kedua ID, Lyricfind artist ID, HonestGamers game ID, identifiant MACM d'un artisite, Syrian Memory person ID, Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice sur le site Mille ans de littérature d'oc, Kamus Dewan Edisi Tiga, identifiant Registre national des gels, DOSBox Wiki, Identifiant Cimetières de France, Ech-Chaab tag ID, Lutris company ID, Shamela Algeria person ID, enterprise number (Germany), Ohio University ArchivesSpace Subject ID, Progetto Euploos ID, Nafziger Order of Battle ID, DataGov dataset, ERR keyword ID, Comprehensive Historical Dictionary of Ladino entry ID, Ohio University ArchivesSpace Agent ID, Russian Football National League player ID, Gaia ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage site ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage tree ID, Spanish-German Dictionary ID, UAF match ID, Identifiant d'un(e) journaliste sur Francetvinfo, Game Vortex software ID, identifiant Pappers d'un dirigeant, Database of Canada's Early Women Writers ID, Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory ID, Mishramilan catalog ID, SearchCulture.gr ID, Cinema Belgica venue ID, Cinema Belgica person ID, Cinema Belgica film ID, Cinema Belgica company ID, Cinema Belgica censorship ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID, Hankook Ilbo tag ID, Rijksmuseum ID, SOIUSA code, myCast work ID, MetalTabs.com track ID, MUBI Festival ID, Beaux Arts ID, rutracker.org page ID, Park Merwestein Bomenwijzer ID, RPG Maker game ID, RateMyProfessors ID, PubMed author ID, BodyMeasurements.org ID, Hessian Biography person ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn, Kvikmyndavefurinn person ID, Bluepages article ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn company ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) info ID, A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences entry ID, Wikishia item ID, EHIS educational institution ID, Bertsolaritzaren Datu Basea ID, A Dictionary of Sociology entry ID

You can comment on all open property proposals!

Did you know?

• Query examples:
  • French Photographers born before 1870, who do not have a French Wikipedia article
  • The 10 smallest countries with some kind of urban rail transit system
  • Last meals of people
• Newest WikiProjects: French Scientific Prizes aims to list French-language awards and to ensure the mention of a source associated with each award.
• Newest database reports: Items with "sport (P641)" only
• Showcase Items: 2015 Iditarod Q19455277) - sled dog race
• Showcase Lexemes: trekke (L478233) - Norwegian irregular verb "to pull", "to drag", or "to draw"

Development

• The development team is just settling back in after the holidays, so there haven’t been any significant updates yet.

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

Weekly Tasks

• Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
• Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
• Govdirectory weekly focus country:
• Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
• Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
• Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
• Help write the next summary!

· Read the full report · Previous issue · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) talk · MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:59, 6 January 2025 (UTC) ·

Wikidata weekly summary #662

Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the
week leading up to 2025-01-13. Missed the previous one? See issue #661

Events

• Upcoming events:
  • The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 17:00 UTC, 15th January 2025 (18:00 Berlin time) in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase.
  • Join the Wikidata Training Event 2025 organised by Wikimedia Botswana UG for Wikidata enthusiasts of all levels. Starts 18 Jan 10:00am CAT (UTC+2), registration required.

Press, articles, blog posts, videos

• Blogs
  • Updates on the Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library focusing on Structured Data on Commons and Wikidata
  • Wikidata module for the Hidden Figures CURE - The newly published Wikidata module for the Hidden Figures CURE teaches undergraduates to use Wikidata for uncovering and highlighting the contributions of hidden figures in natural history, such as women, people of color, and Indigenous peoples.
  • Memory of the World: Ways forward - Efforts to improve the representation of UNESCO's Memory of the World (MOW) international register on Wikidata include new articles, enhanced data quality, and training on creating structured data. Key contributions involve updating Wikipedia and Wikidata entries, addressing data inconsistencies, and expanding the visibility of MOW inscriptions across languages.
  • Empowering Multilingual Knowledge: The Journey Behind the 1-Click-Info Extension Powered by Wikidata - Introduces the 1-Click Data extension for your browser. A project funded by the Arcadia grant through Wikimedia Deutschland and fiscally sponsored by the Dagbani Wikimedians user group.
  • Public domain visibility on Wikidata (in Catalan). The article discusses how Wikidata is being used to enhance the visibility of public domain works by integrating copyright information and making it easily accessible.
• Videos
  • Tracking Looted Art with Graphs, Graphs and Networks in the Humanities 2022 Conference
  • How Wikimedia Uses AI to Vectorize its Knowledge Base
• Presentations: Wikibase e Wikidata per lo studio dell'epigrafia greca (in Italian, i.e. Wikibase and Wikidata for the study of Greek epigraphy), presentation at SAEG (Advanced Seminar of Greek Epigraphy) IX in Rome, 10 January 2025, by Pietro Ortimini, Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini, Epìdosis - slides

Tool of the week

• Dungeon Of Knowledge - is a roguelike game with Items generated from Wikidata that lets you crawl through the Dungeon of Knowledge in a classic ASCII interface. (toot) (blog)

Other Noteworthy Stuff

• Zita Ursula Zage has joined the Software Communication team (SCoT) at Wikimedia Deutschland as an intern until the end of June 2025. Welcome Zita!
• VIAF (cf. Q54919 and P214) underwent a relevant change of interface on January 10; the way of visualizing clusters in JSON format has changed in comparison with present OCLC documentation and e.g. http://viaf.org/viaf/102333412/viaf.json doesn't work anymore; this broke most or all Wikidata gadgets using VIAF data; in the absence of official communications from OCLC, developers are trying to understand if the new VIAF interface is stable before changing their gadgets accordingly

Newest properties and property proposals to review

• Newest General datatypes:
  • bequest income (the sum a organisations receives from bequests/legacies in a timeframe)
  • taxon known by this common name (taxon item of which this common name refers)
  • homonymous taxon (taxon item of which the taxon name is an exact homonym)
  • role named in credits as (use as qualifier to indicate how the object's role was named in the credits of its respective work)
  • meeting of (subject is a meeting or session of this organization)
  • organisation tax status (jurisdiction specific tax status of organisations like non-profits)
• Newest External identifiers: Collectie Nederland ID, Hachette author ID, CamerounWeb person ID, Hindi Shabdamitra entry ID, OpenSSF Practices ID, Japanese Health Insurance System Facility ID, Centre d'Etudes Picasso ID, CUATM statistical code, CUATM unique identification code, JudaicaLink person (GND) ID, teams.by national team ID, Eyrolles author ID, Mémoire des avocats ID, BCU Kirundi-English Dictionary ID, Estonian–Latvian Dictionary ID, WHL player ID, Indo-European Lexicon ID, Battle.net game ID, Singapore Unique Entity Number, AniSearch character ID, Three Decks conflict ID, Berlinische Galerie object ID, ThePWHL.com player ID, Play:Right genre ID, Resistance in Belgium ID, Paris Match ID, Kyiv Independent topic, Newmark Albanian-English Dictionary ID, Wellcome Collection concept ID, Amsterdam Monumentenstad ID, VG247 game ID, DNCI label ID, National Football Teams.com stadium ID, Kamus Pelajar ID, Dictionary of Norwegian Translators ID, MACM artist ID, Lutris company ID, hockey1946.ru player ID, DOSBoxWiki article, NBA G League player ID, World Women's Snooker player ID, footballdatabase.eu match ID, GERS ID, Comprehensive Historical Dictionary of Ladino entry ID, SBOID, Game Vortex software ID, Syrian Memory Institution person ID, Mishramilan catalog ID, myCast work ID, Hessian Biography person (GND) ID, Beaux-Arts ID, Gaia ID
• New General datatypes property proposals to review:
  • About box (Screenshot of the About Box of the respective software (contains important information such as authors, license, version number and year(s) and is included in almost every software))
  • nomenclatural type of (taxon item of which this item is the taxonomic type (name-bearing type), e.g. the family for which this genus is the type, the genus for which this species is the type, the taxon for which this type specimen is the type, ect...)
  • World Heritage type (Propriety of World heritage site : the Type (Cultural, Natural, Mixed))
  • DVD region code (DVD release is restricted to region code)
  • number of shading units (number of shading units in a graphics processing unit)
  • Archaeological National Register code (identifier of elements of the National archaeological register of Moldova)
  • presented works (works of art performed, displayed or presented at a given event)
  • identifiant REGAFI ()
  • Maximum beam energy (Maximum beam energy of a particle accelerator)
  • Accused of (Crime or other misdeed a person has been accused of, but ''not proven or convicted'')
  • hat gespendet (Amount of money donated to a person or organization)
  • name starts with (The name that this qualifies, the full contents of which are unknown, is known to start with these characters.)
  • духовный сан (formal styles of address used for members of the clergy)
  • A2B2 user ID (User ID on a2b2.org)
  • Source language (headword languge of dictionary)
  • Entry height (Height of the entrance above ground level for boarding public transport vehicles.)
  • location code (the location code of the location item. Should be used with qualifier property {{Q|P459}} to specify which location code system being used.)
  • DIF historia player ID (Identifier for a sportsperson connected to Djurgårdens IF on difhistoria.se (official site))
  • number of texture mapping units (number of texture mapping units in a graphics processing unit)
  • number of render output units (number of render output units in a graphics processing unit)
  • number of ray tracing cores (number of ray tracing cores in a graphics processing unit)
• New External identifier property proposals to review: Algeria Press Service tag ID (French), Algeria Press Service tag ID (English), Algeria Press Service tag ID (Arabic), Lyricfind artist ID, HonestGamers game ID, Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice sur le site Mille ans de littérature d'oc, Kamus Dewan Edisi Tiga, identifiant Registre national des gels, Identifiant Cimetières de France, Ech-Chaab tag ID, Shamela Algeria person ID, enterprise number (Germany), Ohio University ArchivesSpace Subject ID, Progetto Euploos ID, Nafziger Order of Battle ID, DataGov dataset, ERR keyword ID, Ohio University ArchivesSpace Agent ID, Russian Football National League player ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage site ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage tree ID, Spanish-German Dictionary ID, UAF match ID, Identifiant d'un(e) journaliste sur Francetvinfo, identifiant Pappers d'un dirigeant, Database of Canada's Early Women Writers ID, Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory ID, SearchCulture.gr ID, Cinema Belgica venue ID, Cinema Belgica person ID, Cinema Belgica film ID, Cinema Belgica company ID, Cinema Belgica censorship ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID, Hankook Ilbo tag ID, Rijksmuseum ID, SOIUSA code, MetalTabs.com track ID, MUBI Festival ID, rutracker.org page ID, Park Merwestein Bomenwijzer ID, RPG Maker game ID, RateMyProfessors ID, PubMed author ID, BodyMeasurements.org ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn, Kvikmyndavefurinn person ID, Bluepages article ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn company ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) info ID, A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences entry ID, Wikishia item ID, EHIS educational institution ID, Bertsolaritzaren Datu Basea ID, A Dictionary of Sociology entry ID, A Dictionary of Cultural Anthropology entry ID, A Dictionary of Geography entry ID, DGLAi ID, Jeune Afrique person ID, norskeflyplasser.no-ID, taz topic ID, Euronews topic ID (English), Euronews topic ID (French), Euronews topic ID (Spanish), Euronews topic ID (Arabic), Roman Inscriptions of Britain Online ID, Unine thesis id, Enpedia ID, Dizionario Biografico della Calabria Contemporanea ID, Bahamut Animation Crazy Serial Number, Finnish Olympic Committee ID, Team Norway profile ID (new), NOC of Belarus champion ID (new), JOC profile ID (new), Répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Québec

You can comment on all open property proposals!

Did you know?

• Query examples:
  • Search for Items where description begins with capitalised letters, filter by language, country of citizenship and occupation
  • Wikidata Items using the 'smells of' property
• Newest WikiProjects: Writing Systems aims to standardize and enhance Wikipedia's coverage of writing systems and related subjects.
• Newest database reports: Some statistics about sitelinks
• Showcase Items: The Night Watch (Q219831) - 1642 painting by Rembrandt
• Showcase Lexemes: дополнение (L107276) - Rusian noun (dopólnenie) that can mean "addition", "supplement" or an "an object"

Development

• Wikidata Query Service UI: We fixed a long-standing issue with missing edge labels in graph visualisations (phab:T317702)
• Wikibase REST API: We implemented a proof of concept for a search endpoint you can try out.
• EntitySchemas: We’re working on language fallback for the heading on EntitySchema pages (phab:T228423)
• Language codes: We cleaned up language codes in WikibaseLexeme after moving some of them to CLDR (phab:T352922)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

Weekly Tasks

• Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
• Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
• Govdirectory weekly focus country: Greenland
• Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
• Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
• Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
• Help write the next summary!

· Previous issue · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) talk · MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:26, 13 January 2025 (UTC)

The Signpost: 15 January 2025

• From the editors: Looking back, looking forward

• Traffic report: The most viewed articles of 2024

• In the media: Will you be targeted?

• Technology report: New Calculator template brings interactivity at last

• Essay: Meet the Canadian who holds the longest editing streak on Wikipedia

• Opinion: Reflections one score hence

• News and notes: It's a new dawn, it's a new day, it's a new life for me... and I'm feeling free

• Serendipity: What we've left behind, and where we want to go next

• Op-ed: Elon Musk and the right on Wikipedia

• In focus: Twenty years of The Signpost: What did it take?

• Arbitration report: Analyzing commonalities of some contentious topics

• Humour: How to make friends on Wikipedia

* Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:56, 15 January 2025 (UTC)

Wikidata weekly summary #663

Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the
week leading up to 2025-01-20. Missed the previous one? See issue #662

Discussions

• Open request for adminship: Xezbeth - RfP scheduled to end after 26 January 2025 09:17 (UTC).

Events

• Upcoming:
  • Edit-A-Thon for Black History Month: 12 February 1300 - 1500 MST (UTC+7) is an onsite event at the University of Colorado Boulder, with a theme to add or expand items on Black and African-American comics creators.
  • Data Reuse Days 2025 is from February 18 to 27, 2025! This is an online event focusing on how people and organizations use Wikidata's data to build interesting applications and tools. Don't forget to register so we can know you are coming.
• Past: Missed the Q1 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: 2025-01-15 (Q1 2025)

Press, articles, blog posts, videos

• Blogs: Cleaning up legacy Wikipedia links in Open Library: The blog post discusses cleaning up outdated Wikipedia links to improve article accuracy and navigation, while highlighting the importance of integrating Wikidata for better data management.
• Papers
  • Tiziana Possemato, Recording Gender in the Person Entity: An Ongoing Discussion: it compares the practices of gender-registration of person-type entities in LCNAF and ISNI with the use of P21 in Wikidata. By Ray Berger
  • Large Language Models, Knowledge Graphs and Search Engines - A Crossroads for Answering Users' Questions: this paper seeks to establish a taxonomy of user information needs to help establish a roadmap of future research for finding synergies between LLM's, Search engines and Knowledge graphs. By Hogan et al., (2025)
• Videos
  • Replacing deprecated Wikipedia links with Wikidata items in Open Library
  • Tracking Looted Art with Wikidata Queries - As part of Art History Loves Wiki 25, Laurel Zuckerman will show how Wikidata SPARQL queries can aid provenance researchers and historians find, identify and track looted art.
  • OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times: Ormat Murat Yilmaz will speak on how Wikidata and OSM play a role in coordinating relief efforts by providing a collaborative platform for providing data about affected areas. Part of WM CEE meeting 2024 Istanbul.
  • Serbian Novels on Wikidata: Presented by Filip Maljkovič on the progress and process of adding Serbian literature into Wikidata, using OCR methods to map pages and assign Properties.
  • (german)Wikidata for NGOs: Use and network open data sensibly: Johan Hoelderle discusses how nonprofits can benefit from the largest free knowledge base and show what potential open data offers for non-profit projects.
  • Data partnerships and Libraries combating misinformation: WMDE's Alan Ang delivers a speech on how GLAM institutions can help prevent the spread of dis- and misinformation whether hallucinatory AI or malicious, part of the Wikimedia+Libraries International Convention 2025.

Tool of the week

• Wikidata file candidates📱 - This tool can show you candidate matches of Wikidata Items to files on Commons and Flickr. (original blog)

Other Noteworthy Stuff

• OpenRefine 3.9-beta1 was released
• Product Manager: Wikibase Suite: Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for a PM to lead Wikibase Suite, empowering institutions like GLAMs and research groups to build customizable linked knowledge bases and contribute to the world’s largest open data graph.

Newest properties and property proposals to review

• Newest General datatypes:
  • organisation tax status (jurisdiction specific tax status of organisations like non-profits)
  • entry height (height of the entrance above ground level for boarding vehicles)
• Newest External identifiers: Singapore Unique Entity Number, AniSearch character ID, Three Decks conflict ID, Berlinische Galerie object ID, ThePWHL.com player ID, Play:Right genre ID, Resistance in Belgium ID, Paris Match ID, Kyiv Independent topic, Newmark Albanian-English Dictionary ID, Wellcome Collection concept ID, Amsterdam Monumentenstad ID, VG247 game ID, DNCI label ID, National Football Teams.com stadium ID, Kamus Pelajar ID, Dictionary of Norwegian Translators ID, MACM artist ID, Lutris company ID, hockey1946.ru player ID, DOSBoxWiki article, NBA G League player ID, World Women's Snooker player ID, footballdatabase.eu match ID, GERS ID, Comprehensive Historical Dictionary of Ladino entry ID, SBOID, Game Vortex software ID, Syrian Memory Institution person ID, Mishramilan catalog ID, myCast work ID, Hessian Biography person (GND) ID, Beaux-Arts ID, Gaia ID, Franceinfo journalist ID, Hankook Ilbo tag ID, Cinema Belgica person ID, Cinema Belgica venue ID, Ukrainian Association of Football match ID, Rijksmuseum ID, Cinema Belgica film ID, Danbooru tag, Russian Football National League player ID
• New General datatypes property proposals to review:
  • About box (Screenshot of the About Box of the respective software (contains important information such as authors, license, version number and year(s) and is included in almost every software))
  • nomenclatural type of (taxon item of which this item is the taxonomic type (name-bearing type), e.g. the family for which this genus is the type, the genus for which this species is the type, the taxon for which this type specimen is the type, ect...)
  • World Heritage type (Propriety of World heritage site : the Type (Cultural, Natural, Mixed))
  • DVD region code (DVD release is restricted to region code)
  • number of shading units (number of shading units in a graphics processing unit)
  • Archaeological National Register code (identifier of elements of the National archaeological register of Moldova)
  • presented works (works of art performed, displayed or presented at a given event)
  • identifiant REGAFI ()
  • Maximum beam energy (Maximum beam energy of a particle accelerator)
  • hat gespendet (Amount of money donated to a person or organization)
  • name starts with (The name that this qualifies, the full contents of which are unknown, is known to start with these characters.)
  • духовный сан (formal styles of address used for members of the clergy)
  • A2B2 user ID (User ID on a2b2.org)
  • Source language (headword languge of dictionary)
  • location code (the location code of the location item. Should be used with qualifier property {{Q|P459}} to specify which location code system being used.)
  • DIF historia player ID (Identifier for a sportsperson connected to Djurgårdens IF on difhistoria.se (official site))
  • number of texture mapping units (number of texture mapping units in a graphics processing unit)
  • number of render output units (number of render output units in a graphics processing unit)
  • number of ray tracing cores (number of ray tracing cores in a graphics processing unit)
  • Bibliography for subject (Wikidata property on this item providing a link to a bibliography about the subject that is a good starting point.)
  • likes / dislikes (''(no English description proposed yet)'')
  • number of goals scored in penalty shootouts (total number of goals scored by a team in a penalty shootout)
  • broadcasting days and time (days of the week in which a TV or radio program is broadcasted)
• New External identifier property proposals to review: Algeria Press Service tag ID (French), Algeria Press Service tag ID (English), Algeria Press Service tag ID (Arabic), HonestGamers game ID, Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice sur le site Mille ans de littérature d'oc, Kamus Dewan Edisi Tiga, identifiant Registre national des gels, Ech-Chaab tag ID, Shamela Algeria person ID, enterprise number (Germany), Ohio University ArchivesSpace Subject ID, Progetto Euploos ID, Nafziger Order of Battle ID, DataGov dataset, ERR keyword ID, Ohio University ArchivesSpace Agent ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage site ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage tree ID, Spanish-German Dictionary ID, identifiant Pappers d'un dirigeant, Database of Canada's Early Women Writers ID, Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory ID, SearchCulture.gr ID, Cinema Belgica company ID, Cinema Belgica censorship ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID, SOIUSA code, MetalTabs.com track ID, MUBI Festival ID, rutracker.org page ID, Park Merwestein Bomenwijzer ID, RPG Maker game ID, RateMyProfessors ID, PubMed author ID, BodyMeasurements.org ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn, Kvikmyndavefurinn person ID, Bluepages article ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn company ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) info ID, A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences entry ID, Wikishia item ID, EHIS educational institution ID, Bertsolaritzaren Datu Basea ID, A Dictionary of Sociology entry ID, A Dictionary of Cultural Anthropology entry ID, A Dictionary of Geography entry ID, DGLAi ID, Jeune Afrique person ID, norskeflyplasser.no-ID, taz topic ID, Euronews topic ID (English), Euronews topic ID (French), Euronews topic ID (Spanish), Euronews topic ID (Arabic), Roman Inscriptions of Britain Online ID, Unine thesis id, Enpedia ID, Dizionario Biografico della Calabria Contemporanea ID, Bahamut Animation Crazy Serial Number, Finnish Olympic Committee ID, Team Norway profile ID (new), NOC of Belarus champion ID (new), JOC profile ID (new), Répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Québec, RFI topic ID (French), RFI topic ID (English), RFI topic ID (Spanish), EJU profile ID, University of Pécs teachers identifier, ROAR id, CPB profile ID, TERMCAT term ID, Handle prefix, U.S. Soccer player ID, Celfic FC player ID, WSGF game ID, Sutian entry ID, wikiHow article ID, Graceful17 ID, IATI Organisation Identifier, Suno artist ID, VAi Archiefhub Agent ID, Soccerbase season ID, PlaymakerStats season ID, ESPN.com football match ID, Eurosport person ID, Newsweek topic ID, New York Post topic ID, RaiPlay Sound IDs, Chinese Church and Organization Dictionary Identifier, DDLC entry ID, Fluorophores.org substance ID

You can comment on all open property proposals!

Did you know?

• Query examples:
  • Most common eponyms (a name or noun formed after a person)
  • Number of Lexemes including recordings from Lingua Libre by language
  • Boiling point of alkanes (source)
  • Train station in Germany without image (source)
• Newest WikiProjects: WikiProject IIT aims to describe current and former IIT faculty members. The following property schema is based on a similar schema found at WikiProject IUPUI University Library
• WikiProject Highlights: Sum of all paintings/Historic collections - keep track of historic collections as part of the provenance of paintings
• Newest database reports: Links per language
• Showcase Items: 4 Vesta (Q3030) - second largest asteroid of the main asteroid belt
• Showcase Lexemes: L347296 - Tamil noun that can mean "priest", "teacher" or "preceptor"

Development

• mul language code: The "mul" language code for labels, descriptions and aliases will be fully enabled on #Wikidata starting 28th Jan!
• Constraint violations:
  • We’re making good progress on checking format constraints more efficiently and with fewer errors (T380751)
  • We’re working on making distinct-values constraint checks works with the split Query Service (T369079)
• EntitySchemas: We’re working on making the heading on EntitySchema pages apply language fallback (T228423)
• Search: We’ve started working on the new search UI component which will let you search for additional entity types from the main search bar and not just Items anymore (T338483)
• Wikibase REST API: We're working on adding search to the API (T383209)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

Weekly Tasks

• Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
• Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
• Govdirectory weekly focus country: United States of America
• Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
• Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
• Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
• Help write the next summary!

· Previous issue · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) talk · MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 21:38, 20 January 2025 (UTC)

Women in Red February 2025

Women in Red | February 2025, Vol 11, Issue 2, Nos. 326, 327, 330, 331 Online events: New: Black women | Alphabet run C & D Continuing, year-long initiatives: #1day1woman | Music Announcements from other communities: Wiki Loves Ramadan begins on 25 February - a great opportunity to focus on women from Islamic history Tip of the month: Looking for an image? Sometimes you can find openly licensed ones on Creative Commons search Suggestion: Consider helping to promote women under In the news and On this day on Wikipedia's main page Other ways to participate: Become a member. You can always opt-out of notifications. Join the conversations on our talkpage. Help us plan future events and add any general ideas on developing the project. Follow us on social media: Instagram | Pinterest | Twitter/X

--Lajmmoore (talk 08:54, 26 January 2025 (UTC) via MassMessaging

Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 1

Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue in December 2024. Please help translate.

---

Upcoming and current events and conversations
Let's Talk continues

Ideas for Wikipedia @ 25 needed

• Conversation with the trustees: Speak directly with the Wikimedia Foundation trustees about their work at the next Conversation with the Trustees on January 30 at 14:30 UTC.
• Community Resilience and Sustainability: Join the conversation hour which will discuss Trust and Safety, the Universal Code of Conduct, Committee Support, and Human Rights on January 30 at 20:00 UTC.
• Annual Planning: Shaping Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 annual goals: Key questions for the Wikimedia movement.
• Central Asia Wikicon: Submission for sessions is open until March 22.
• Wikipedia is turning 25: We just celebrated Wikipedia's 24th birthday, and are already planning for next year's big milestone! Share your thoughts on what you have in mind to mark the silver jubilee of Wikipedia.

Annual Goals Progress on Infrastructure
See also newsletters: Wikimedia Apps · Growth · Research · Web · Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia · Tech News · Language and Internationalization · other newsletters on MediaWiki.org

• Wikipedia App: iOS App users worldwide can now access a personalized Year in Review feature, providing insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia.
• Design System: Codex – Year 2024 in Review: Key Milestones and Innovations.
• Tech News: The CampaignEvents extension offers organizers features like event registration management directly on-wiki; The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months; Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using Extension:Nuke. More updates from tech news Dec 16, Jan 13, and Jan 21.
• Wikifunctions: Wikifunctions shares their Quarterly planning for January-March 2025.
• Admin Research Report: The Research Team published their final report on administrator recruitment, retention, and attrition patterns among long-tenure community members in moderation and administration roles.

Annual Goals Progress on Equity
See also a list of all movement events: on Meta-Wiki

• Distribution of Funds: Next steps toward the creation of the interim Global Resource Distribution Committee.
• Wikipedia Library: What’s new in The Wikipedia Library? (Oct-Dec 2024).
• Conferences: Your Sneak Peak into the 9 approved Wikimedia Conference Proposals for 2025.
• Wikimania: Road to Nairobi: Travel Essentials & Tips.
• Wikisource Loves Manuscripts: Meet-up in Bali: Strengthening the manuscript preservation ecosystem.
• Wikimedia Research Showcase: Watch the latest showcase which looked at Reader Attention and Curiosity.
• Resource Support Pilot: Join the discussion about shaping a pilot project on the English Wikipedia that would fund small resource requests (like books) to support editors in improving content.

Annual Goals Progress on Safety & Integrity
See also blogs: Global Advocacy blog · Global Advocacy Newsletter · Policy blog

• Global Advocacy: Wikimedians will promote cultural preservation and knowledge diversity at RightsCon 2025. Tune in!
• Mis- and disinformation: Training on misinformation and disinformation prevention for communities in Indonesia: A recap.
• December's Global Advocacy Newsletter: For quarterly insights into the internet governance and policy work the Foundation is doing, subscribe to our Global Advocacy Newsletter. You can see our latest December edition here.

Board and Board committee updates
See Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard · Affiliations Committee Newsletter

• Board of Trustees: The Wikimedia Foundation welcomes community-and-affiliate selected trustees and the Board appoints Lorenzo Losa its Chair-Elect.

Other Movement curated newsletters & news
See also: Diff blog · Goings-on · Planet Wikimedia · Signpost (en) · Kurier (de) · Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr) · Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr) · Wikimag (fr) · other newsletters:

• Topics: Education · GLAM · The Wikipedia Library
• Wikimedia Projects: Milestones · Wikidata
• Regions: Central and Eastern Europe

Subscribe or unsubscribe · Help translate

For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the project page on Meta-Wiki. Let askcacwikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement!

MediaWiki message delivery 16:58, 27 January 2025 (UTC)

Wikidata weekly summary #664

Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the
week leading up to 2025-01-27. Missed the previous one? See issue #663

Discussions

• Closed request for adminship: Xezbeth (closed as successful). Welcome onboard \o/

Events

• Upcoming events:
  • Call for Proposals: IslandoraCon 2025. "IslandoraCon brings together a community of librarians, archivists, cultural heritage collections managers, technologists, developers, project managers, and open source project enthusiasts in support of the Islandora framework for digital curation and asset management." Deadline for session proposals: February 14, 2024.

Press, articles, blog posts, videos

• Blogs: Progress in lexicographic data in Wikidata 2024 by Denny Vrandečić. See also
  • Languages with the best lexicographic data coverage in Wikidata 2024
  • Wikidata lexicographic data coverage for Croatian in 2024
• Videos
  • (replay) Arabic Wikidata Days 2024 full playlist
  • NYC Parks on Wikidata (Wikipedia Day NYC 22nd Birthday Bash)
  • From books to Bytes (10): Factgrid. A Wikibase instance for historical data

Tool of the week

• PhotoNearby.js - a user script that checks Wikimedia Commons for a nearby photo if no image (P18) statement and has coordinate location (P625). Displays above the Statements heading. Defaults to a 500 meter radius. Displays a link to WikiShootMe.

Other Noteworthy Stuff

• As part of an effort to benchmark open source SPARQL engines on Wikidata, the page Wikidata:Scaling Wikidata/Benchmarking/Existing Benchmarks contains some initial results and analyses of benchmarking Blazegraph, MilleniumDB, QLever, and Virtuoso on several existing SPARQL query benchmarks for Wikidata. There are some surprising results there, particularly related to different answers produced by different engines. Suggestions on how to improve the effort or provide deeper explanations of the results are particularly welcome on the discussion page.

Newest properties and property proposals to review

• Newest General datatypes:
  • organisation tax status (jurisdiction specific tax status of organisations like non-profits)
  • entry height (height of the entrance above ground level for boarding vehicles)
• Newest External identifiers: Berlinische Galerie object ID, ThePWHL.com player ID, Play:Right genre ID, Resistance in Belgium ID, Paris Match ID, Kyiv Independent topic, Newmark Albanian-English Dictionary ID, Wellcome Collection concept ID, Amsterdam Monumentenstad ID, VG247 game ID, DNCI label ID, National Football Teams.com stadium ID, Kamus Pelajar ID, Dictionary of Norwegian Translators ID, MACM artist ID, Lutris company ID, hockey1946.ru player ID, DOSBoxWiki article, NBA G League player ID, World Women's Snooker player ID, footballdatabase.eu match ID, GERS ID, Comprehensive Historical Dictionary of Ladino entry ID, SBOID, Game Vortex software ID, Syrian Memory Institution person ID, Mishramilan catalog ID, myCast work ID, Hessian Biography person (GND) ID, Beaux-Arts ID, Gaia ID, Franceinfo journalist ID, Hankook Ilbo tag ID, Cinema Belgica person ID, Cinema Belgica venue ID, Ukrainian Association of Football match ID, Rijksmuseum ID, Cinema Belgica film ID, Danbooru tag, Russian Football National League player ID, Database of Canada's Early Women Writers ID, taz ID, Roman Inscriptions of Britain Online ID, Répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Québec ID, Game Jolt username
• New General datatypes property proposals to review:
  • nomenclatural type of (taxon item of which this item is the taxonomic type (name-bearing type), e.g. the family for which this genus is the type, the genus for which this species is the type, the taxon for which this type specimen is the type, ect...)
  • World Heritage type (Propriety of World heritage site : the Type (Cultural, Natural, Mixed))
  • DVD region code (DVD release is restricted to region code)
  • number of shading units (number of shading units in a graphics processing unit)
  • Archaeological National Register code (identifier of elements of the National archaeological register of Moldova)
  • presented works (works of art performed, displayed or presented at a given event)
  • identifiant REGAFI ()
  • Maximum beam energy (Maximum beam energy of a particle accelerator)
  • hat gespendet (Amount of money donated to a person or organization)
  • name starts with (The name that this qualifies, the full contents of which are unknown, is known to start with these characters.)
  • духовный сан (formal styles of address used for members of the clergy)
  • A2B2 user ID (User ID on a2b2.org)
  • Source language (headword languge of dictionary)
  • location code (the location code of the location item. Should be used with qualifier property {{Q|P459}} to specify which location code system being used.)
  • DIF historia player ID (Identifier for a sportsperson connected to Djurgårdens IF on difhistoria.se (official site))
  • number of texture mapping units (number of texture mapping units in a graphics processing unit)
  • number of render output units (number of render output units in a graphics processing unit)
  • number of ray tracing cores (number of ray tracing cores in a graphics processing unit)
  • Bibliography for subject (Wikidata property on this item providing a link to a bibliography about the subject that is a good starting point.)
  • likes / dislikes (''(no English description proposed yet)'')
  • number of goals scored in penalty shootouts (total number of goals scored by a team in a penalty shootout)
  • broadcasting days and time (days of the week in which a TV or radio program is broadcasted)
  • reverse compound (compound where the parts are reversed)
  • cognate-citation (lexeme with with the same etymological origin and where a source supports it.)
  • Instrument de recherche (inventaire) ({{Translate this | fr = <!-- | xx = descriptions dans d'autres langues --> }})
  • Instrument de recherche (document containing detailed information about a specific collection of papers or records within an archive)
  • Ratsinformationssystem (Link to the council information system of the municipality)
  • name with acutes (item name with acute accents showing stressed vowels)
• New External identifier property proposals to review: Algeria Press Service tag ID (French), Algeria Press Service tag ID (English), Algeria Press Service tag ID (Arabic), HonestGamers game ID, Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice sur le site Mille ans de littérature d'oc, Kamus Dewan Edisi Tiga, identifiant Registre national des gels, Ech-Chaab tag ID, Shamela Algeria person ID, enterprise number (Germany), Ohio University ArchivesSpace Subject ID, Progetto Euploos ID, Nafziger Order of Battle ID, DataGov dataset, ERR keyword ID, Ohio University ArchivesSpace Agent ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage site ID, Inventory of Natural Heritage tree ID, Spanish-German Dictionary ID, identifiant Pappers d'un dirigeant, Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory ID, SearchCulture.gr ID, Cinema Belgica company ID, Cinema Belgica censorship ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID, SOIUSA code, MetalTabs.com track ID, MUBI Festival ID, rutracker.org page ID, RPG Maker game ID, RateMyProfessors ID, PubMed author ID, BodyMeasurements.org ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn, Kvikmyndavefurinn person ID, Bluepages article ID, Kvikmyndavefurinn company ID, Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) info ID, A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences entry ID, Wikishia item ID, EHIS educational institution ID, Bertsolaritzaren Datu Basea ID, A Dictionary of Sociology entry ID, A Dictionary of Cultural Anthropology entry ID, A Dictionary of Geography entry ID, DGLAi ID, Jeune Afrique person ID, norskeflyplasser.no-ID, Euronews topic ID (English), Euronews topic ID (French), Euronews topic ID (Spanish), Euronews topic ID (Arabic), Unine thesis id, Enpedia ID, Dizionario Biografico della Calabria Contemporanea ID, Bahamut Animation Crazy Serial Number, Finnish Olympic Committee ID, Team Norway profile ID (new), NOC of Belarus champion ID (new), JOC profile ID (new), RFI topic ID (French), RFI topic ID (English), RFI topic ID (Spanish), EJU profile ID, University of Pécs teachers identifier, ROAR id, CPB profile ID, TERMCAT term ID, Handle prefix, U.S. Soccer player ID, Celfic FC player ID, WSGF game ID, Sutian entry ID, wikiHow article ID, Graceful17 ID, IATI Organisation Identifier, Suno artist ID, VAi Archiefhub Agent ID, Soccerbase season ID, PlaymakerStats season ID, ESPN.com football match ID, Eurosport person ID, Newsweek topic ID, New York Post topic ID, RaiPlay Sound IDs, Chinese Church and Organization Dictionary Identifier, DDLC entry ID, Fluorophores.org substance ID, Yahoo Knowledge Graph ID, Biographical Dictionary of Republican China (X-Boorman) ID, Modern China Biographical Database ID, Chinese Engineers Relational Database ID, The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy ID, Letterboxd studio ID, Izvestia topic ID, The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity ID, Museum Data Service museum ID, BGSU Historical Collections of the Great Lakes vessel ID, booru tag, critify.de game ID, Iowa State University Library Vocabularies ID, MikuWiki article ID, Trade register Switzerland ID, JSR package, Storytel author ID, TvStar.info person ID

You can comment on all open property proposals!

Did you know?

• Query examples:
  • Pairs of things, of different types, that smell of the same thing. (Source)
  • Literary work (1700-1830) with more than 25 sitelinks (source)
  • What are the statistics for lexemes in language A that are derived from lexemes in language B? (source)
• Newest WikiProjects: No Longer at the Margins - aims to highlight and document the contributions of women in science, ensuring their visibility and recognition in the historical and archival record by addressing biases and gaps in representation.
• Newest database reports: Merge candidates based on same commons category
• Showcase Items: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Q309988) - technical university and research center in Karlsruhe, Germany
• Showcase Lexemes: истина (L113869) - Russian noun (pronounced "istina"), translates to "truth", "reality" or a fact in English.

Development

• Storage growth: We are making some changes to the terms-related database table in order to scale better (phab:T351802)
• Constraint violations: We’re working on making distinct-values constraint checks works with the split Query Service (phab:T369079)
• EntitySchemas: We’re working on making the heading on EntitySchema pages apply language fallback (phab:T228423)
• Search: We are working on the new search UI component which will let you search for additional entity types from the main search bar and not just Items anymore (phab:T338483)
• Wikibase REST API: We're continuing the work on adding search to the API (phab:T383209)
• Lua: We are investigating if we can increase the Entity Usage Limit on client pages (phab:T381098)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.

Weekly Tasks

• Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above.
• Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme above.
• Govdirectory weekly focus country: United States of America
• Summarize your WikiProject's ongoing activities in one or two sentences.
• Help translate or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language!
• Help merge identical items across Wikimedia projects.
• Help write the next summary!

· Previous issue · Unsubscribe · Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE) talk · MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 19:36, 27 January 2025 (UTC)

Discussion regarding the Academic background divider in Template:Infobox academic

Zeromonk, you might be interested in a discussion currently ongoing at Template talk:Infobox academic about the possibility of reformatting the template without the Academic background divider. GuardianH (talk) 04:37, 31 January 2025 (UTC)