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Principal cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere until 1000 CE
Europe Africa Asia
Period Mediterranean Continental Europe Sub-Saharan Africa North Africa West Asia South & Central Asia East Asia Southeast Asia
1.000 CE Middle Ages Middle Ages Kingdom of Mapungubwe Fatimid Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Middle kingdoms of India Song Dynasty, Tang dynasty Khmer Empire Indianized Kingdoms
500 CE Byzantium
Regnum Italiae
Migration Period
Merovingian kingdom
Yoruba culture Byzantium
Vandal Kingdom
Sasanian Empire Gupta Empire Hephthalite Empire Northern Wei Southern Song Chenla, Srivijaya
0 CE Roman Empire Roman Empire Ghana Empire Bantu expansion Roman Empire Parthian Empire Sangam Period Qin dynasty, Han dynasty, Papermaking Funan
Salakanagara
500 BC Classical Greece Celtic, Germanic tribes, La Tène culture Carthaginian Empire Ptolemaic Egypt Persian Empire Janapada Zhou dynasty, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism Óc Eo polity
1.000 BC Mycenae Nok culture New Kingdom of Egypt Assyrian Empire Janapada Zhou dynasty wet-rice and millet farming
2.000 BC Proto writing, Linear A Bell beaker
Corded ware
Middle Kingdom of Egypt Akkadian Empire Indus Valley Civilisation Xia dynasty, Lower Xiajiadian culture, Shang dynasty Phung Nguyen culture, Philippine Jade culture
3.000 BC Minoan civilization Yamna culture first hieroglyphs,
Old Kingdom of Egypt
city of Ur Uruk period domestication of the camel[1] Bronze Age, Longshan culture, Majiayao culture, Shu (state) Austronesian migration
4.000 BC Danubian culture Dhar Tichitt[2] Merimde and Badari culture at the Nile Sumer Cuneiform script Yangshao culture, at Banpo, Xi'an Austro-asiatic migration
5.000 BP Linear Pottery culture Wilton culture[3] Naqada culture first Temples potter's wheel in Mesopotamia agriculture, buildings, pottery, burials[4]
6.000 BP Cardium pottery Tenerian culture irrigation and flood control irrigation and flood control Proto-Indo-Europeans cliff carvings[5] proto-writing Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network
7.000 BP Kiffian culture pottery in Tell Hassuna[6] Jiahu culture millet agriculture[7]
8.000 BP Durum wheat Ethiopian Highlands Capsian culture first settlements Nevalı Çori Mehrgarh settlement first cultivated rice Peiligang culture
9.000 BP Magosian first cultivated emmer wheat Netiv HaGdud Cattle domestication[8]
10.000 BP Magdalenian, Solutrean Ahrensburg culture Lupemban culture[9] Iberomaurusian, Sebilian culture Göbekli Tepe Cattle domestication[10] Neolithic China; Jōmon period Hoabinhian
End of the Last glacial period and begin of Holocene - around 12,000 years before present
30.000 BP Gravettian culture, Franco-Cantabrian cave art oldest known ceramic: Venus of Dolní Věstonice[11] Bow and arrow in Turkana County[12] Homo sapiens, Aterian culture Emireh culture Bhimbetka rock paintings, Balangoda Culture Angara culture[13]
40.000 BP Homo sapiens Aurignacian culture Homo sapiens, earliest artwork at Cave of El Castillo[14] and Venus of Hohle Fels Homo sapiens[15] Ksar Akil Denisovan humans in Japan[16] Australo-Melanesians, Pettakere cave paintings
50.000 BP Fauresmithian culture? Jabroudian culture[17] Soan River valley Homo sapiens at Tam Pa Ling, Tabon Man[18]
80.000 BP Mousteroid Homo sapiens Ordosian culture
100.000 BP Homo neanderthalensis Sangoan Homo neanderthalensis Bhimbetka rock shelters Homo sapiens[19]
200.000 BP Homo neanderthalensis Mousterian culture Homo sapiens idaltu Homo sapiens oldest homo sapiens fossil Tayacian (contested) Homo floresiensis
300.000 BP Homo neanderthalensis, Schöningen Spears[20] Clactonian Homo rhodesiensis Homo erectus soloensis Solo Man
500.000 BP Homo antecessor Homo heidelbergensis Acheulean[21] Homo erectus Acheulean Homo erectus[22] Homo erectus pekinensis Homo erectus erectus Java Man
1.000.000 BP Homo erectus Acheulean[23] Homo erectus[24] Homo erectus [25] Oldowan tools[26] Homo erectus Homo erectus[27] Homo erectus[28]
2.000.000 BP Homo habilis
Period Mediterranean Continental Europe Sub-Saharan Africa North Africa West Asia South & Central Asia East Asia Southeast Asia
Europe Africa Asia

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Scarre, Chris (15 September 1993). Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World. London: D. Kindersley. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-56458-305-5. Both the dromedary (the seven-humped camel of Arabia) and the Bactrian camel (the two-humped camel of Central Asia) had been domesticated since before 2000 BC.
  2. ^ "Coping with uncertainty: Neolithic life in the Dhar Tichitt-Walata, Mauritania, (ca. 4000–2300 BP)". Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved January 19, 2017. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 95 (help)
  3. ^ "Copperbelt". britannica.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  4. ^ "Peiligang Site". Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China. 2003. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Carvings may rewrite history of Chinese characters". Xinhua online. 18 May 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
  6. ^ "The oldest pottery Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia : New evidence from Tell Seker al-Aheimar, the Khabur, northeast Syria - Persée". Persee.fr. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  7. ^ "Rice and Early Agriculture in China". Legacy of Human Civilizations. Mesa Community College. Retrieved 10 February 2008.
  8. ^ McTavish, E.J., Decker, J.E., Schnabel, R.D., Taylor, J.F. and Hillis, D.M.year=2013 (2013). "New World cattle show ancestry from multiple independent domestication events". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 (15): E1398–406. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303367110. PMC 3625352. PMID 23530234.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Stone tools have been used as cognitive/chronological, cultural/ethnic, and functional/environmental indicators in African prehistory" (PDF). Antiquityofman.com. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  10. ^ "Modern Taurine Cattle descended from small number of Near-Eastern founders". Mbe.oxfordjournals.org. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  11. ^ "No. 359: The Dolni Vestonice Ceramics". Uh.edu. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  12. ^ Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R. K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J. E.; Fernandez, J. M. Maillo; Kiarie, C. (2016). "Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 529 (7586): 394–398. doi:10.1038/nature16477. PMID 26791728.
  13. ^ "On Understanding Japanese Religion - Joseph Mitsuo Kitagawa - Google Books". Google Books. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  14. ^ "Red dot becomes 'oldest cave art' - BBC News". BBC. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  15. ^ "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". ncbi. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  16. ^ "Prehistoric Periods in Japan". T-net.ne.jp. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  17. ^ "From Newton to Chaos: Modern Techniques for Understanding and Coping with ... - Google Books". Google Books. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  18. ^ Barney Henderson In Kuala Lumpur (August 3, 2010). "Archaeologists unearth 67,000-year-old human bone in Philippines". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  19. ^ "Fossil teeth place humans in Asia '20,000 years early'". BBC News. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  20. ^ "World's Oldest Spears - Archaeology Magazine Archive". Archive archaeology org. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  21. ^ "Homo heidelbergensis (600,000 to 100,000 years ago)- Species Description". WGBH Educational Foundation and Clear Blue Sky Productions, Inc. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  22. ^ "The Hathnora Skull Fossil from Madhya Pradesh, India". Multi Disciplinary Geoscientific Studies. Geological Survey of India. 20 September 2005. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
  23. ^ "Creationist Arguments: Orce Man". Talkorigins. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
  24. ^ "New Fossil May Trim Branches of Human Evolution - Science Friday". Sciencefriday.com. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  25. ^ "An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian & Reconsidering Its Chronological Relationship with the Soanian". Assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  26. ^ Sahnouni, M; Hadjouis, D; Van Der Made, J; Canals, A; Medig, M; Belahrech, H; Harichane, Z; Rabhi, M (2002). "Further research at the Oldowan site of Ain Hanech, North-eastern Algeria. - PubMed - NCBI". Journal of human evolution. 43 (6). ncbi: 925–37. PMID 12473489. Retrieved January 17, 2017. {{cite journal}}: Missing |author4= (help)
  27. ^ Rixiang Zhu; Zhisheng An; Richard Pott; Kenneth A. Hoffman (June 2003). "Magnetostratigraphic dating of early humans of in China" (PDF). Earth Science Reviews. 61 (3–4): 191–361.
  28. ^ "Malaysian scientists find stone tools 'oldest in Southeast Asia'". Agence France-Presse. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2017.