User talk:Mitchisaac

Blocked

You have been blocked indefinitely from editing because your account is being used only for vandalism. If you believe this block is unjustified you may contest this block by adding the text {{unblock|Your reason here}} below; but you should read our guide to appealing blocks first. Willking1979 (talk) 18:51, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Unblock Request 1

This user's unblock request has been reviewed by an administrator, who declined the request. Other administrators may also review this block, but should not override the decision without good reason (see the blocking policy).

Mitchisaac (block log • active blocks • global blocks • contribs • deleted contribs • filter log • creation log • change block settings • unblock • checkuser (log))

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Request reason:

I haven't posted any thing on here for a while and I got a E-mail saying I have bean blocked but I didn't do anything someone must have hacked into my account because i wouldn't do anything like that Thank you can you please advise me what to do

Decline reason:

See below. TNXMan 21:31, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

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If you want to make any further unblock requests, please read the guide to appealing blocks first, then use the {{unblock}} template again. If you make too many unconvincing or disruptive unblock requests, you may be prevented from editing this page until your block has expired. Do not remove this unblock review while you are blocked.

Unblock Request 2

This user's unblock request has been reviewed by an administrator, who declined the request. Other administrators may also review this block, but should not override the decision without good reason (see the blocking policy).

Mitchisaac (block log • active blocks • global blocks • contribs • deleted contribs • filter log • creation log • change block settings • unblock • checkuser (log))

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Request reason:

I am still blocked even though i have had a message saying I have bean unblocked

Decline reason:

You cannot unblock your own account. Simply posting the unblock message does nothing. TNXMan 21:31, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

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If you want to make any further unblock requests, please read the guide to appealing blocks first, then use the {{unblock}} template again. If you make too many unconvincing or disruptive unblock requests, you may be prevented from editing this page until your block has expired. Do not remove this unblock review while you are blocked.

This user's unblock request has been reviewed by an administrator, who declined the request. Other administrators may also review this block, but should not override the decision without good reason (see the blocking policy).

Mitchisaac (block log • active blocks • global blocks • contribs • deleted contribs • filter log • creation log • change block settings • unblock • checkuser (log))

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Request reason:

I haven't posted any thing on here for a while and I got a E-mail saying I have bean blocked but I didn't do anything someone must have hacked into my account because i wouldn't do anything like that Thank you can you please advise me what to do

Decline reason:

You've never made any constructive edits, and you despite not editing in over 6 months, you come back and notice you were blocked just a few hours after you were "hacked". We don't email people to tell them they're blocked. The hacked excuse has been used a million times, we're not going to believe it Jac16888^Talk 22:17, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

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If you want to make any further unblock requests, please read the guide to appealing blocks first, then use the {{unblock}} template again. If you make too many unconvincing or disruptive unblock requests, you may be prevented from editing this page until your block has expired. Do not remove this unblock review while you are blocked.

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Second chance

This request for unblocking has been declined due to your history of vandalism and/or disruption to this encyclopedia. However, we are willing to give you another chance provided that you can earn back the trust of the Wikipedia community. To be unblocked you need to demonstrate that you are willing and able to contribute positively to Wikipedia. You can do this by:

• Familiarizing yourself with our basic rules.
• Read our guide to improving articles
• Pick any pre-existing article you wish to improve.
  • If you have trouble choosing an article to improve, see this index of articles needing improvement for ideas.
• Click the Edit tab at the top of that article and scroll down past the message informing you of your block.
• Copy the source of that article and paste it to the bottom of your talk page under a new top-level heading (like this: = [[Article title]] =) and save the page before you improve it.
• Propose some significant and well researched improvements to your article by editing your personal copy of the article. Please note that we are not looking for basic typo corrections, or small unreferenced additions; your edits should be substantial, and reflect relevant policies.
• When you are done with your work, re-request unblocking and an administrator will review your proposed edits.
  • If we (including the original blocking admin) are convinced that your proposed edits will improve Wikipedia as an encyclopedia, you will be unblocked.

If you need help while working with your proposed edits, you may add "{{helpme|your question here}}" to your talk page. Thank you. --Chris (talk) 14:52, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Unblock Request 3

This user's unblock request has been reviewed by an administrator, who declined the request. Other administrators may also review this block, but should not override the decision without good reason (see the blocking policy).

Mitchisaac (block log • active blocks • global blocks • contribs • deleted contribs • filter log • creation log • change block settings • unblock • checkuser (log))

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Request reason:

Hello, I have not edited Wikipedia Since November 2009, my former self was very immature and I very much regret the damage I caused to Wikipedia at that time. Over 7 years have passed since my vandalism on Wikipedia and I am today requesting to be unblocked as I wish to contribute to Wikipedia in a positive way. Mitchisaac (talk) 23:06, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

Decline reason:

You were extended a second chance, almost five years ago. That's still open to you. See above. Yamla (talk) 00:04, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

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If you want to make any further unblock requests, please read the guide to appealing blocks first, then use the {{unblock}} template again. If you make too many unconvincing or disruptive unblock requests, you may be prevented from editing this page until your block has expired. Do not remove this unblock review while you are blocked.

Upper house

For the demesne in the Keys to the Kingdom series, see The Upper House.

An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature (or one of three chambers of a tricameral legislature), the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. Examples of upper houses in countries include the Australian Senate, Brazil's Senado Federal, the Canadian Senate, France's Sénat, India's Rajya Sabha, Ireland's Seanad, Malaysia's Dewan Negara, Myanmar's Amyotha Hluttaw, the Netherlands' Eerste Kamer, Pakistan's Senate of Pakistan, Russia's Federation Council, Switzerland's Council of States, United Kingdom's House of Lords, and the United States Senate.

A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.

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Upper chambers tend to be the smaller of the two legislative bodies. Members of upper houses customarily serve longer terms, but frequently possess less power than their lower chamber counterparts. The upper chamber (sometimes called the Senate, House of Lords or Federal Council) varies considerably in its composition and in the manner in which its members are selectedCthrough inheritance, appointment and indirect or direct elections. Some upper chambers reflect regional or state divisions, as in Germany and the United States. Citizens often exhibit greater confidence in those upper chambers where they participate in the selection of the legislators through direct or indirect elections. In direct elections, voters cast their ballots directly for a specific candidate or for the party they wish to see in power. With indirect elections, citizens elect local or provincial governments, who then in turn select the upper house members. Chambers formed by direct or indirect elections, unlike appointed or heredity chambers, are more accountable to the people and, for that reason, are deemed to be more democratic.

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Most second chambers have wide-ranging powers to monitor the activities of government, in the form of inquiries, questions, proposals and referrals to a constitutional court. However, in the Polish and Slovenian upper houses these powers are fairly restricted.

At the Forum of World Senates on 14 March 2000, about fifty delegations unanimously adopted a declaration that identified four functions of second chambers, which: - consolidated and enhanced democratic regimes, through the diversification of representation and the integration of all the members of the nation; - facilitated the process of decentralisation and helped to regulate relations between local and regional authorities and the central authorities; - entrenched legal rules and standards and the rule of law and placed the separation of powers in a modern context; - helped to publicise legislative and political debate and inform and shape public opinion4. 3. But although bicameralism seems to be in good health, it continues to face criticism

The most common name is "senate", and even when another title is used the members often call themselves senators

This varies between 15 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and 346 (France). The average is about 70 to 100 but there are always fewer senators than members of parliament and the number is to a certain extent linked to the size of population. Federal states are to some extent a special case and an exception to this rule. The same naturally applies to the totally atypical House of Lords.

In a certain number of cases, second chambers have exactly the same powers and responsibilities as their counterpart first chambers. This applies particularly to Italy, where the Senate has the same powers as the lower house to legislate and monitor government action. This situation reflects the method of electing the second chamber, which as with the lower house is by direct universal suffrage. This was also the case in Romania until the last constitutional revision. However, as in Russia, it is no longer possible to speak of equal bicameralism although each chamber has specific powers.

Second chambers often have fewer financial powers than their lower house equivalents. The Austrian Bundesrat, for example, has no budgetary responsibilities. The Spanish Senate has no power to amend the budget, unless the government agrees. The Irish Senate, the Czech Senate and the British House of Lords have no budgetary powers. Moreover, the budget is always presented first in the lower house.

he arguments against second chambers are well known. They are a burden on tax payers, are undemocratic in their method of selection and impede the parliamentary process by delaying legislation approved by the lower house.

The value of second chambers in small countries31. It would appear that second chambers are particularly unlikely to serve a purpose in the smallest or least populated countries of Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Cyprus, Malta, Greece, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Hungary). In other words all these countries with fewer than 15 million inhabitants deem it unnecessary to operate a second chamber. It should be noted that some of them (Sweden, Finland, Hungary, Bulgaria) have had bicameral systems during certain periods of their history, and (Hungary, Bulgaria) regularly discuss the re-establishment of a senate, or in the case of Ukraine its establishment for the first time. Indeed, with 50 million inhabitants, the last-named country must be considered to be well suited to a bicameral system. Moreover, lack of a second chamber has required these countries to establish alternative bodies to represent their various economic, cultural and social interests to complement their single chamber.

The importance of second chambers in federal and highly decentralised states32. As already noted, federal states in Europe and elsewhere in the world all have bicameral systems. Popular representation has to be accompanied by representation of the constituent geographical entities, particularly when the federal state has been formed by a process of merger. There are (at least currently) no exceptions to this situation, which has become a key rule of federalism. 33. The recent development of constitutionally enshrined regionalisation or decentralisation points to the same outcome. Any highly decentralised state needs a second chamber to ensure dialogue between the centre and the periphery. Since the Council of Europe considers decentralisation, or more precisely local self-government, to be an essential component of democracy, second chambers clearly have a bright future.

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In Britain that's currently the Lords and the Commons. In America it's Senate and House of Representatives.

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Powers

The French Senate, hosted in the Palais du Luxembourg

Presidential systems

In presidential systems, the upper house is frequently given other powers to compensate for its restrictions:

• Executive appointments, to the cabinet and other offices, usually require its approval.
• It frequently has the sole authority to give consent to or denounce foreign treaties.

Institutional structure

There is a variety of ways an upper house's members are assembled: by direct or indirect election, appointment, heredity, or a mixture of these. The German Bundesrat is composed of members of the cabinets of the German states, in most cases the state premier and several ministers; they are delegated and can be recalled anytime. In a very similar way, the Council of the European Union is composed of national ministers.

Many upper houses are not directly elected but appointed: either by the head of government or in some other way. This is usually intended to produce a house of experts or otherwise distinguished citizens, who would not necessarily be returned in an election. For example, members of the Senate of Canada are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.

In the past, some upper houses had seats that were entirely hereditary, such as in the British House of Lords until 1999 and in the Japanese House of Peers until it was abolished in 1947.

It is also common that the upper house consists of delegates chosen by state governments or local officials. Members of the Rajya Sabha in India are nominated by various states and union territories, while 12 of them are nominated by the President of India. Similarly, at the state level, one-third of the members of the State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) are nominated by local governments, one-third by sitting legislators, and the rest are elected by select members of the electorate. The United States Senate was chosen by the State legislatures until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913.

The upper house may be directly elected but in different proportions to the lower house - for example, the Senate of Australia and the United States have a fixed number of elected members from each state, regardless of the population.

Abolition

Main article: List of abolished upper houses

Many jurisdictions, such as Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Mauritania, New Zealand, Peru, Sweden, Turkey, Venezuela and many Indian states as well as Brazilian states and Canadian provinces, once possessed upper houses but abolished them to adopt unicameral systems. Newfoundland had a Legislative Council prior to joining Canada, as did Ontario when it was Upper Canada and Quebec from 1791 (as Lower Canada) to 1968. Nebraska is the only state in the United States with a unicameral legislature, having abolished its lower house in 1934.

The Australian state of Queensland also once had an appointed Legislative Council before abolishing it in 1922. All other Australian states continue to have bicameral systems (the two territories have always been unicameral).

Like Queensland, the German state of Bavaria had an appointed upper house, the Senate of Bavaria, from 1946 to 1999.

The Senate of the Philippines was abolished – and restored – twice: from 1935 to 1945 when a unicameral National Assembly convened, and from 1972 to 1987 when Congress was closed, and later a new constitution was approved instituting a unicameral Parliament. The Senate was re-instituted with the restoration of a bicameral Congress via a constitutional amendment in 1941, and via adoption of a new constitution in 1987.

A previous government of Ireland (the 31st Dáil) promised a national referendum on the abolition of its upper house, the Seanad Éireann, during the 24th Seanad session. By a narrow margin, the Irish public voted to retain it. Conservative-leaning Fine Gael and Left-leaning Sinn Féin both supported the abolition, while the centrist Fianna Fáil was alone among major parties in supporting the retention of the Seanad.

Titles of upper houses

Common terms

• Senate—by far the most common
• Legislative Council (India, Isle of Man, along with every Australian state that has an upper house)
• Federal Council (Germany, Austria)
• Council of States (Switzerland, India, Sudan)
• First Chamber (Netherlands and formerly Sweden)
• House of Lords – Seen in the United Kingdom, as well as formerly in Ireland and German-speaking monarchies (Herrenhaus), e.g. the Austrian House of Lords and the Prussian House of Lords

Unique titles

Government	Upper House Unique Title	Meaning
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Dom naroda Bosne i Hercegovine	House of Peoples
Denmark	Landstinget	Deliberative assembly
Ethiopia	Yefedereshn Mekir Bet	House of Federation
Kingdom of France	Chambre des Pairs	Chamber of Peers
India	Rajya Sabha	Council of States
	Vidhan Parishad	Legislative Council
Indonesia	Dewan Perwakilan Daerah	Regional Representative Council
Japan	参議院 (Sangiin)	House of Councillors
Kingdom of Hungary	Főrendiház	House of Magnates
Kingdom of Portugal	Câmara dos Pares or Câmara dos Digníssimos Pares do Reino	Chamber of Most Worthy Peers
Malaysia	Dewan Negara	National Assembly
Myanmar	Amyotha Hluttaw	House of Nationalities
Republic of Somaliland	Golaha Guurtida	House of Elders
Russia	Sovet Federatsii	Federation Council
Slovenia	Državni svet	National Council
South Africa	National Council of Provinces

Draft:Trading 212

Trading 212 Group Limited

Trading212 Logo Logo used on trading 212.com
Trade name	Trading 212
Native name	Трейдинг 212
Formerly	Avus Capital Group Limited
Company type	Private
Industry	Financial services
Predecessor	Trader.bg
Founded	August 6, 2011 (2011-08-06) in Sofia, Bulgaria
Founder	Borislav Nedialkov Ivan Ashminov
Headquarters	3 Lachezar Stanchev Str. Litex Tower, floor 10, Sofia , Bulgaria
Area served	European Economic Area
Key people	Nick Saunders (Managing Director)
Products	CFD Invest ISA
Brands	Trader.bg
Services	Algorithmic trading Electronic trading Stock broking
Revenue	£56,314,000 (2018) £43,719,000 (2017)
Operating income	£32,707,000 (2018) £2,402,000 (2017)
Net income	£28,906,000 (2018) £1,272,000 (2017)
AUM	£20,238,000 (2018) £17,479,000 (2017)
Total assets	£32,389,000 (2018) £13,748,000 (2017)
Total equity	£29,456,000 (2018) £13,191,000 (2017)
Owners	Borislav Nedialkov (50%) Ivan Ashminov (50%)
Number of employees	149 (2018) 156 (2017)
Subsidiaries	Trading 212 Limited Trading 212 UK Limited
Website	trading212.com trader.bg

Second chance on new article

Is it possible I am given access to the drafts namespace and am allowed to go through the 2nd chance process with a draft article? Mitchisaac (talk) 02:48, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

Needs to be an unblock request, since it requires an administrator to determine if you've met the conditions of your standard offer. — jmcgnh^{(talk) (contribs)} 03:27, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

This user's unblock request has been reviewed by an administrator, who declined the request. Other administrators may also review this block, but should not override the decision without good reason (see the blocking policy).

Mitchisaac (block log • active blocks • global blocks • contribs • deleted contribs • filter log • creation log • change block settings • unblock • checkuser (log))

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Request reason:

Is it possible I am given access to the drafts namespace and allowed to go through the 2nd chance process with a draft article? Mitchisaac (talk) 12:22, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

Decline reason:

No need, you can do it here, on this talk page. Yamla (talk) 12:51, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

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If you want to make any further unblock requests, please read the guide to appealing blocks first, then use the {{unblock}} template again. If you make too many unconvincing or disruptive unblock requests, you may be prevented from editing this page until your block has expired. Do not remove this unblock review while you are blocked.

And would creating a new article draft be acceptable for the 2nd chance process? Mitchisaac (talk) 13:19, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

As Yamla said, there's no need to give you access to drafts; you can use your talk page. PhilKnight (talk) 14:23, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

I am aware Yamla said there I can do this from my talk page. I am just wondering if a draft of a new article would be accepted for the 2nd chance process as opposed to the standard improvement of an article Mitchisaac (talk) 14:49, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

That wouldn't exactly be following the instructions, but if you were to post a fully acceptable draft here on your talk page (a much harder task than the one laid out), it would likely be given due consideration as a demonstration. On Wikipedia, creating an acceptable new article is one of the hardest things you could choose to do. I advise that you stick to the article improvement path (but I have no authority). — jmcgnh^{(talk) (contribs)} 15:38, 18 March 2020 (UTC)