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Hello BF2510! This is Natalie. Thank-you for letting me practise wiki-talking! NC1328656 (talk) 18:39, 25 January 2016 (UTC)[reply]

HI NC1328656. Thank-you for the message BF2510 (talk) 18:44, 25 January 2016 (UTC)[reply]
BF2510 and NC1328656 I am going to join in the wiki-talking practice! (BD441 (talk) 19:48, 25 January 2016 (UTC))[reply]
Hi BD441 Thanks for joining BF2510 (talk) 20:10, 26 January 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Hi NC1328656, BD441 and BF2510, thought I'd join in and have a go with 'talk'AH2960 (talk) 11:28, 30 January 2016 (UTC)[reply]

High quality secondary sources

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The first bit is basically based on small primary sources. Please use recent high quality secondary sources. Best Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 09:49, 25 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Hi, I think removing the entire section is unfair as most of these sources are in fact from reliable places. Additionally some sections that you removed have already indeed been peer reviewed and checked so these bits definitely should not have been deleted. Which sources do you deem as unreliable? Most of these sources are from respectable journals.I can make changes if you make reasonable suggestions? Additionally, primary sources can be used as long as only facts our stated, no interpretations were made using the primary sources I used. BF2510 (talk) 16:19, 25 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Please use only secondary sources such as review articles.
You are making sweeping claims like "When nearing ovulation in the cycle, women with partners experience more mate guarding" when the study was 38 normal cycling women probably from a single culture and a location.[1]
Also please pass on the requirement to use high quality recent secondary sources to your classmates.
By the way there are reviews on this topic such as [2] Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:49, 26 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]


Mate Choice

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Behaviour towards potential mating partners has also been found to change during this time of the month. [1] Near ovulation women are found to have increased physical attraction and interest in attending social gatherings with men. [2] The amount of mate guarding a woman experiences differs during the menstrual cycle. During the midcycle, increases in mate guarding has been found (for less attractive women). When nearing ovulation in the cycle, women with partners experience more mate guarding (dependent on good gene indicators). [3] Pair bonded women report their partner as being more attentive when they are nearing ovulation. When fertility is low and on cycle days where progesterone is increased, women report high commitment to their current relationship. [4] On the other hand, during ovulation, women also report having more fantasies and sexual interest in non partners but not in their own partner. [5] [6] They also feel more attraction to non partners when they are fertile. [7] Women therefore display a preference for extra pair copulation when they are in the fertile phase of the cycle, [8] despite this happiness in relationships does not change across the cycle. [4]

During the different phases of the menstrual cycle, women's preferences for voice pitch changes. Women seeking a short term mating partner prefer a male with a low voice pitch, especially during the fertile phase of their cycle.[9] Additionally, a preference for masculine male voices is found in women during their most fertile phase.[10] Alternatively, research has also been conducted on how the attractiveness of the female voice changes across the menstrual cycle. During their most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle, female’s voices are rated as significantly more attractive. This effect is not found with women on the pill.[11]

Women’s preference for male’s body odour changes across the menstrual cycle. During the fertile phases of the menstrual cycle, males who score highly on a dominance scale are preferred by females. This effect however is dependent on relationship status, with single women the effect is less pronounced. [12] In regards to women's smell across the cycle, men have been found to use olfactory cues in order to know if a woman is ovulating. [13]More specifically, women who are ovulating are rated as more attractive by men, by rating their odours. [14]Additionally, during their most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle women show preference for the odour of symmetrical men. This effect is not found for women on the pill. [15] Not only do they demonstrate a preference for symmetrical men's scent but also, during the late follicular and ovulatory phases women prefer the scent of masculine men. [15]The scent highly associated with a mans facial attractiveness is highly preferred by women during the peak of their fertility in the menstrual cycle. [16] Moreover, women demonstrate preference for men with a scent that indicates developmental stability. [17]

Across the menstrual cycle there are shifts in women's preferences for behavioural and personality traits in men. [18] When women are at the peak fertility phase in the menstrual cycle, they show preference for men who behave in a more dominant manner. [19] When in the fertile phases, women seem to desire a short term mate, they show preferences for men with confident and cocky personalities.[19] In regards to long term mates, shifts in preference of traits desired in a man do not occur over different phases of the menstrual cycle.[20]

There has been no difference found in preference for long term mating partners during the menstrual cycle, however, those seeking a short term relationship were more likely to choose a partner with more masculine features than usual. This was found to be the case especially during the woman’s high conception risk stage. However, when women are in the luteal (non fertile) phase, they prefer men (and females) with feminine faces. [21] [10] A preference is also shown for self resembling faces and apparent health in faces during the luteal phase (non fertile) of the cycle.[22] During the fertile phase of the cycle, women seeking a short term partner, seem to demonstrate a preference for taller males. [23] As well as facial masculinity, women also show preferences of males with masculine bodies at peak fertility. [24]

  1. ^ Penton-Voak, I. S., Perrett, D. I., Castles, D. L., Kobayashi, T., Burt, D. M., Murray, L. K., & Minamisawa, R. (1999). Menstrual cycle alters face preference. Nature, 399(6738), 741-742.
  2. ^ Haselton, Martie G.; Gangestad, Steven W. (2006-04-01). "Conditional expression of women's desires and men's mate guarding across the ovulatory cycle". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (4): 509–518. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.10.006.
  3. ^ Haselton, Martie G.; Gangestad, Steven W. (2006-04-01). "Conditional expression of women's desires and men's mate guarding across the ovulatory cycle". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (4): 509–518. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.10.006.
  4. ^ a b Jones, B. C.; Little, A. C.; Boothroyd, L.; DeBruine, L. M.; Feinberg, D. R.; Smith, M. J. Law; Cornwell, R. E.; Moore, F. R.; Perrett, D. I. (2005-09-01). "Commitment to relationships and preferences for femininity and apparent health in faces are strongest on days of the menstrual cycle when progesterone level is high". Hormones and Behavior. 48 (3): 283–290. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.03.010.
  5. ^ Gangestad, S. W.; Thornhill, R.; Garver, C. E. (2002-05-07). "Changes in women's sexual interests and their partner's mate–retention tactics across the menstrual cycle: evidence for shifting conflicts of interest". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1494): 975–982. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1952. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1690982. PMID 12028782.
  6. ^ Pillsworth, Elizabeth G.; Haselton, Martie G. "Male sexual attractiveness predicts differential ovulatory shifts in female extra-pair attraction and male mate retention". Evolution and Human Behavior. 27 (4): 247–258. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.10.002.
  7. ^ Gangestad, Steven W.; Thornhill, Randy; Garver-Apgar, Christine E. (2005-10-07). "Women's sexual interests across the ovulatory cycle depend on primary partner developmental instability". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1576): 2023–2027. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3112. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1559901. PMID 16191612.
  8. ^ Pillsworth, Elizabeth G.; Haselton, Martie G. "Male sexual attractiveness predicts differential ovulatory shifts in female extra-pair attraction and male mate retention". Evolution and Human Behavior. 27 (4): 247–258. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.10.002.
  9. ^ Puts, David Andrew. "Mating context and menstrual phase affect women's preferences for male voice pitch". Evolution and Human Behavior. 26 (5): 388–397. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.03.001.
  10. ^ a b Feinberg, D. R.; Jones, B. C.; Law Smith, M. J.; Moore, F. R.; DeBruine, L. M.; Cornwell, R. E.; Hillier, S. G.; Perrett, D. I. (2006-02-01). "Menstrual cycle, trait estrogen level, and masculinity preferences in the human voice". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (2): 215–222. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.07.004.
  11. ^ Pipitone, R. Nathan; Gallup, Gordon G. "Women's voice attractiveness varies across the menstrual cycle". Evolution and Human Behavior. 29 (4): 268–274. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.02.001.
  12. ^ Havlicek, Jan; Roberts, S. Craig; Flegr, Jaroslav (2005-09-22). "Women's preference for dominant male odour: effects of menstrual cycle and relationship status". Biology Letters. 1 (3): 256–259. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0332. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 1617143. PMID 17148181.
  13. ^ Kuukasjärvi, Seppo; Eriksson, C. J. Peter; Koskela, Esa; Mappes, Tapio; Nissinen, Kari; Rantala, Markus J. (2004-07-01). "Attractiveness of women's body odors over the menstrual cycle: the role of oral contraceptives and receiver sex". Behavioral Ecology. 15 (4): 579–584. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh050. ISSN 1045-2249.
  14. ^ Kuukasjärvi, Seppo; Eriksson, C. J. Peter; Koskela, Esa; Mappes, Tapio; Nissinen, Kari; Rantala, Markus J. (2004-07-01). "Attractiveness of women's body odors over the menstrual cycle: the role of oral contraceptives and receiver sex". Behavioral Ecology. 15 (4): 579–584. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh050. ISSN 1045-2249.
  15. ^ a b Gangestad, Steven W.; Thornhill, Randy (1998-05-22). "Menstrual cycle variation in women's preferences for the scent of symmetrical men". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 265 (1399): 927–933. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0380. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1689051. PMID 9633114.
  16. ^ Thornhill, R. "The Scent of Symmetry A Human Sex Pheromone that Signals Fitness?". Evolution and Human Behavior. 20 (3): 175–201. doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(99)00005-7.
  17. ^ Rikowski, Anja; Grammer, Karl (1999-05-07). "Human body odour, symmetry and attractiveness". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 266 (1422): 869–874. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0717. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1689917. PMID 10380676.
  18. ^ Gangestad, Steven W.; Simpson, Jeffry A.; Cousins, Alita J.; Garver-Apgar, Christine E.; Christensen, P. Niels (2004-03-01). "Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle". Psychological Science. 15 (3): 203–207. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 15016293.
  19. ^ Little, Anthony C.; Jones, Benedict C.; Burriss, Robert P. (2007-05-01). "Preferences for masculinity in male bodies change across the menstrual cycle". Hormones and Behavior. 51 (5): 633–639. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.03.006.
  20. ^ Gangestad, Steven W.; Garver-Apgar, Christine E.; Simpson, Jeffry A.; Cousins, Alita J. "Changes in women's mate preferences across the ovulatory cycle". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 92 (1): 151–163. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.151.
  21. ^ "Women's choice of men goes in cycles".
  22. ^ Jones, Benedict C.; DeBruine, Lisa M.; Perrett, David I.; Little, Anthony C.; Feinberg, David R.; Smith, Miriam J. Law (2008-01-12). "Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Face Preferences". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 37 (1): 78–84. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9268-y. ISSN 0004-0002.
  23. ^ Pawlowski, Boguslaw; Jasienska, Grazyna (2005-09-01). "Women's preferences for sexual dimorphism in height depend on menstrual cycle phase and expected duration of relationship". Biological Psychology. 70 (1): 38–43. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.02.002.
  24. ^ Little, Anthony C.; Jones, Benedict C.; Burriss, Robert P. (2007-05-01). "Preferences for masculinity in male bodies change across the menstrual cycle". Hormones and Behavior. 51 (5): 633–639. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.03.006.
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