User:Zh0005/1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic
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[edit]The 1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic was an epidemic that took place in the Spanish city of Barcelona in 1870.
History
[edit]In the late 1800s, Barcelona was known as a commercial port city with a harbor that connected the city to other cities and countries.[1] The harbor was crucial for trade, exchange of ideas, and overall contact with the foreign world.[1] Yellow fever was one of the diseases the people of Barcelona suffered from due to such contact.[1] The yellow fever virus is transmitted via a species of invasive mosquitoes called Aedes aegypti.[1][2]
The Epidemic
[edit]The yellow fever was brought to the city by a ship that had arrived from Cuba.[1] The yellow fever epidemic occurred during late 1870, beginning in August to the end of the year. There were a total of 1235 deaths; 468 women and 767 men.[1] The epidemic ended due to the city following hygienic measures and the mosquitoes not surviving Barcelona's cold weather conditions in December 1870.[1] These mosquitoes are said to be great carriers of the yellow fever virus and have lead to larger outbreaks throughout other places in Europe.[3]
Similar Incident
[edit]There were two epidemics of the same disease had taken place previously in Barcelona. One took place in 1803 while the other in 1821.[1] The estimated number of people killed in 1821 is said to be either 3,251,[4] 6,244,[5] or more than 8,000.[6] There was, also in the 19th century, another epidemic that had occurred in Wales.[3] The 1865 South Wales epidemic occurred due to the arrival of a boat filled with infected passengers and A. aegypti mosquitos.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h Canela Soler, Jaume; Pallarés Fusté, Maria Rosa; Abós Herràndiz, Rafael; Nebot Adell, Carme; Lawrence, Robert S. (2009-07-01). "A mortality study of the last outbreak of yellow fever in Barcelona City (Spain) in 1870". Gaceta Sanitaria. 23 (4): 295–299. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2008.09.008. ISSN 0213-9111.
- ^ Klitting, Raphaëlle; Gould, Ernest; Paupy, Christophe; de Lamballerie, Xavier (2018-06-08). "What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I)". Genes. 9 (6): 291. doi:10.3390/genes9060291. ISSN 2073-4425.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c Medlock, Jolyon M.; Hansford, Kayleigh M.; Schaffner, Francis; Versteirt, Veerle; Hendrickx, Guy; Zeller, Herve; Bortel, Wim Van (2012-06-01). "A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options". Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 12 (6): 435–447. doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0814. ISSN 1530-3667. PMC 3366101. PMID 22448724.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Memoria histórico-científica sobre la epidemia de fiebre amarilla sufrida en Barcelona en 1870, redactada por una comision espacial compuesta de los Académicos de número Doctores D. Antonio Mendoza, D. Ramon Torent, D. Luís Carreras y Aragó, D. Bartolomé Robert y D. Francisco de P. Campá: Academia de medicina y cirujía de Barcelona (in Spanish). Tipogr. de Jaime Jepús. 1872.
- ^ García, José Antonio Ortiz (2017). "Autoridad e imagen de la epidemia: la fiebre amarilla en la Barcelona del siglo XIX". Potestas (11): 93–110. ISSN 2340-499X.
- ^ Agustí, David (2008). Historia breve de Barcelona. Madrid: Sílex. ISBN 9788477372059. OCLC 888278301.