User:Zad68/1517 Hebron pogrom sources

secondary sources

Fred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum

Encyclopaedia Judaica^[1]

http://hebron.site.aplus.net/english/article.php?id=178

EJ, April 05, 2006

"However, the Jews of Hebron did suffer misfortune and in this very year a great calamity befell the Jewish population of the town. In a parchment document, written at approximately the time of the event (1518), a man named Japheth b. Manasseh from Corfu tells about the attack by "Murad Bey, the deputy of the king and ruler in Jerusalem," on the Jews of Hebron. The results were very grave: many were killed, their property was plundered, and the remainder fled for their lives to "the land of Beirut." This same document also attests the stable situation of the Hebron community at that time. The very fact that the sultan's deputy took the trouble to have his armies plunder and loot Hebron in the hope of gaining wealth proves that the Jews of Hebron had considerable property. Furthermore, from the words in the same document "and they killed many people," it may be deduced that many Jews were there."

Jerold S. Auerbach

Hebron Jews: memory and conflict in the land of Israel^[2]

The inception of Ottoman rule in 1517 unleashed a wave of violence and plunder throughout Palestine. Led by Murad Bey from Jerusalem, the sultan’s men, according to the account of a Jew from Corfu, “came to Hebron and killed a great number of Jews, who tried to defend themselves, and he took all their property as booty, until they were left with no refuge or livelihood in the land.” Terrified survivors fled to Beirut

Alan David Crown

The Samaritans^[3]

Refers to the events as a revolt

Tertiary sources

Spencer C. Tucker

The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict^[4]

"during 1516-1517 there was a pogrom in Hebron in which Jewish property was seized and Jews were murdered."

Samuel M. Katz

author of over twenty books on the Arab-Israeli conflict, law enforcement and international special operations

The Hunt for the Engineer: How Israeli Agents Tracked the Hamas Master Bomber^[5]

"In 1517 the Ottoman Turks conquered Hebron and marked their victory by raping and killing a good portion of the Jewish community."

Excluded

Jeff Jacoby (comment by oncenawhile -> I just read this one properly - it is an opinion column which is POV by its nature. It also is quite a horrific way to respond to the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, which the piece was trying to divert attention from. This type of POV material is not a RS.)

The Boston Globe March 1, 1994

Disarm the settlers? They aren't the danger

http://www.jeffjacoby.com/813/disarm-the-settlers-they-arent-the-danger

There was a Muslim pogrom against Hebron's Jews at least as far back as 1517

The Solomon Goldman lectures^[6] (comment by oncenawhile -> i am not able to see the wider context of this one as I don't have the source (I can only see the snippet). I doubt it is as extreme as the Jacoby one. However, given Goldman's position as a Zionist leader, it's not credible to use him as an RS for topic of the history of Muslim-Jewish relations)

Dr. Solomon Goldman, see biography here influential Conservative rabbi, President of the Zionist Organization of America

"The Turks' conquest of the city in 1517, was marked by a violent pogrom of murder, rape, and plunder of Jewish homes. The surviving Jews fled to Beirut, not to return until 1533."

Rabbi David Eliezrie (comment by oncenawhile -> the use of pogrom here is referring to the events in 1936)

http://articles.latimes.com/1994-03-01/local/me-28431_1_arab-terrorism

For centuries, blood has flowed in Hebron--in almost all cases, Jewish blood spilled by Arab violence. In 1929, as in 1517, 1841 and 1851, the Jews of Hebron were slaughtered. Because of Arab pogroms, in 1936, the British forcibly removed most Jews from Hebron, after more than 3,500 years of continued residence.

^ Fred Skolnik; Michael Berenbaum (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Pub. House. p. 746. ISBN 978-0-02-865936-7.
^ Jerold S. Auerbach (30 July 2009). Hebron Jews: memory and conflict in the land of Israel. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7425-6615-6.
^ Alan David Crown (1989). The Samaritans. Mohr Siebeck. p. 114. ISBN 978-3-16-145237-6.
^ Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2008). "Hebron". The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 436. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
^ Samuel M. Katz (May 2001). The Hunt for the Engineer: How Israeli Agents Tracked the Hamas Master Bomber. Fromm Intl. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-88064-267-5. In 1517 the Ottoman Turks conquered Hebron and marked their victory by raping and killing a good portion of the Jewish community.
^ The Solomon Goldman lectures. Spertus College of Judaica Press. 1999. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-935982-57-2. The Turks' conquest of the city in 1517, was marked by a violent pogrom of murder, rape, and plunder of Jewish homes. The surviving Jews fled to Beirut, not to return until 1533.

Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "JudaicaStudies1999" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page).

[SkolnikBerenbaum2007-1] Fred Skolnik; Michael Berenbaum (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Pub. House. p. 746. ISBN 978-0-02-865936-7.

[Auerbach2009-2] Jerold S. Auerbach (30 July 2009). Hebron Jews: memory and conflict in the land of Israel. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7425-6615-6.

[Crown1989-3] Alan David Crown (1989). The Samaritans. Mohr Siebeck. p. 114. ISBN 978-3-16-145237-6.

[tucker-4] Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2008). "Hebron". The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 436. Retrieved May 21, 2012.

[Katz2001-5] Samuel M. Katz (May 2001). The Hunt for the Engineer: How Israeli Agents Tracked the Hamas Master Bomber. Fromm Intl. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-88064-267-5. In 1517 the Ottoman Turks conquered Hebron and marked their victory by raping and killing a good portion of the Jewish community.

[JudaicaStudies1999-6] The Solomon Goldman lectures. Spertus College of Judaica Press. 1999. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-935982-57-2. The Turks' conquest of the city in 1517, was marked by a violent pogrom of murder, rape, and plunder of Jewish homes. The surviving Jews fled to Beirut, not to return until 1533.

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