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User:Yellow Evan/ 2006 Pacific hurricane season

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The 2006 Pacific hurricane season officially began May 15, 2006 and officially ended on November 30, 2006. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. The 2006 season was highly active and destructive compared to its Atlantic counterpart, which was quiet in terms of activity. The season formed 18 named storms, forming from 21 tropical depressions. There was also a subtropical storm that lasted outside of all operational basins, slamming the Pacific Norhwest in November.

Related articles 2006 Pacific hurricane season
Timeline of the 2006 Pacific hurricane season

Tropical Storm Aletta

[edit]
Main article: Tropical Storm Aletta (2006)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 27 – May 30
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1002 mbar (hPa)

An area of disturbed weather located south-southwest of the Mexican port of Acapulco, Guerrero, was first detected on May 23, just eight days into the season. It gradually gained organized convection and was classified as a tropical depression early on May 27. It became a tropical storm later that morning, the first of 2006 in the Western Hemisphere. While named tropical cyclones in May are infrequent events, Aletta marked the seventh consecutive year to have a named cyclone form in May.[1]

That same day, Aletta strengthened to a tropical storm with 45 mph (75 km/h) sustained winds, while moving towards the Guerrero coast in southwestern Mexico, which forced the Mexican government to issue tropical storm watches between Punta Maldonado and Zihuatanejo.[2] Aletta then became stationary over the Guerrero and Oaxaca coastlines, but it later turned to the west and weakened on May 29. Aletta continued to weaken until it dissipated on May 30.

Aletta produced moderate rainfall across Mexico, including a 24-hour rainfall total of 100.2 mm (3.94 inches) in Jacatepec, Oaxaca on May 30, and 96.0 mm (3.78 inches) in La Calera, Guerrero, the next day.[2] There were, however, no reports of damage, flooding, or casualties.[1][3]

Tropical Depression Two-E

[edit]
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 3 – June 5
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1005 mbar (hPa)

On June 1, an area of disturbed weather developed near the same area in which Aletta formed. High shear slowed the development of the system. However, it gained enough convection and organization to be classified as a tropical depression on June 3. The depression strengthened to near tropical storm status as it approached the coast of southwestern Mexico; however, shear persisted over the system and it weakened before dissipating on June 4.

Despite never becoming a named storm, heavy rain occurred, with Acapulco receiving between 10-12 inches (250-300 mm) of rain as a result of the depression. Mudslides and flooding occurred in association with 2-E.[4][5]The maximum rainfall estimated to have been produced by Tropical Depression Two-E was 26.0 inches on June 4.[6]

Hurricane Bud

[edit]
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 11 – July 16
Peak intensity125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min);
953 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Bud (2006)

On June 27, 2006, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. Ir proceeded westward across the Atlantic Ocean and emerged into the eastern Pacific by July 7. The wave spawned an area of low pressure, about 630 mi (1,010 km) to the south of Manzanillo, Mexico. Interest in the system grew over the next day, and convection gradually became better organized. Early on July 11, the low was designated as a tropical depression. The storm tracked west-northwestward throughout its entire duration, under the steering currents of a mid-level subtropical ridge which extended westward from northern Mexico.[7]

Initially, a small upper-level low pressure system to the north of the depression generated northerly wind shear and dry air, which inhibited the development of thunderstorm activity. However, after the tropical depression was designated, the low weakened, and the wind shear relented.[8] Located over warm waters, the storm attained tropical storm status at 0600 UTC on July 11, and as such it was named Bud by the National Hurricane Center. Subsequently, the storm quickly intensified.[7] With more favorable conditions, the storm displayed a fairly organized banding pattern, and the previously exposed center of circulation became surrounded by convection.[9] At 0000 UTC on July 12, the storm developed an eye and was upgraded to a hurricane.[7] The convection surrounding the center deepened, and a burst of thunderstorm activity within the southeastern eyewall obscured the eye on satellite imagery. Outflow was well-established in all quadrants, though it was slightly restricted to the east, which was believed to have resulted from interaction with Tropical Storm Carlotta.[10] Later on July 12, Bud was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[7]

The storm attained major hurricane status as a Category 3 storm early on July 13.[7] It presented a well-defined eye that was about 23 mi (37 km) in diameter, which was enveloped within by a complete ring of deep thunderstorms. A small cyclone, the area of winds contracted somewhat at around the same time.[11] At 0600 UTC that day, the hurricane reached its peak intensity, with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 953 mb. Subsequently encountering cooler waters and stable air, rapid weakening began.[7] As a result of the weakening trend, Bud became a Category 2 storm at 1800 UTC. The eye became obscured, and core convective cloud tops began to warm.[12] Early on July 14, the storm dropped below hurricane status and lost much of its convection during the day.[7] In addition to the cooler sea surface temperatures and an unfavorable environment, southeasterly shear contributed to the weakening. By the evening, only a patch of thunderstorm activity lingered to the north of the center.[13] On July 15, the storm was downgraded to a tropical depression, and it degenerated into a remnant low the next day. The low fully dissipated within the low-level easterly trade winds on July 17, about 750 mi (1,210 km) east-northeast of Hawaii.[7]

Hurricane Carlotta

[edit]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 12 – July 16
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);
981 mbar (hPa)

On June 30, 2006, a tropical wave formed off the coast of Africa. Although convection from the wave remained minimal as it tracked across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, it eventually entered the Eastern Pacific and strengthened. After entering the Eastern Pacific on July 9, banding had come together inside the circulation. By the next day, the circulation was at enough strength and organization to warrant classifications on the Dvorak scale. As the circulation continued to come together south of Acapulco, Mexico on July 11, the system strengthened into a tropical depression on 0000 July 12 south of Zihuatanejo.[14][15]

The system continued to the west-northwest, strengthening under a ridge of high pressure. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm the next morning, receiving the name of Carlotta.[16] Carlotta eventually moved away from the Mexican coast,[17] strengthening into a hurricane 24 hours after becoming a tropical storm.[18] With warm temperatures and light wind shear in the area, Carlotta continued to come together. However, with the nearby Hurricane Bud causing Carlotta's forward motion to slow, the system weakened into a tropical storm once again on July 14, after peaking at 85 mph (140 km/h) winds the prior afternoon.[14]

With the storm entering cooler waters, it continued to fall apart, but the shear continued to weaken, and Carlotta reformed its eye. After the comeback, the National Hurricane Center, returned the storm to a hurricane.[19] However, this new strength did not remain, as Carlotta's eye once again disseminated. Six hours after becoming a hurricane once again, Carlotta weakened back into a tropical storm. The continual weakening of the system went unchanged, with Carlotta weakening into a tropical depression on July 16. The depression weakened into a remnant low that night, proving to be the end of Carlotta. The remains of Carlotta headed westward, dissipating hundreds of miles southeast of Hawaii.[14]

Carlotta produced light rainfall over Mexico while strengthening into a hurricane. There were no reports of tropical storm-force winds over land.[14] Due to the lack of damage, the name Carlotta was not retired and is scheduled to be used as the third storm in the 2012 Pacific hurricane season.[20]

Hurricane Daniel

[edit]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 16 – July 26
Peak intensity150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min);
933 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Daniel (2006)

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on July 2. It tracked across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea with little associated convection, and on July 12 crossed Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean. Convection increased on July 13, and two days later the system began showing signs of development to the south of Mexico.[14] It tracked westward at about 15 mph (25 km/h), and on July 16 it became much better organized.[21] With convective rainbands well to the north and south of a low-level circulation,[22] it is estimated the tropical wave spawned a tropical depression late on July 16 about 525 miles (845 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.[14]

Classified as Tropical Depression Five-E, the system tracked westward due to its position south of the western end of a mid-level ridge.[22] In the hours after formation while in its organization stage, the depression lacked a concentration of deep convection near the center. Conditions favored development, including warm sea surface temperatures, very low amounts of wind shear, and an established anticyclone over the cyclone.[23] Convection became more centralized, coinciding with the improvement of upper-level outflow to become nearly symmetric. Based on Dvorak numbers of tropical storm status, it is estimated the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Daniel at 1200 UTC on July 17.[24] Daniel quickly became better organized, which included the increase of deep convection and banding features.[25] A central dense overcast developed, and concurrently a well-defined rainband wrapped around the center of circulation.[26] Based on the formation of a banding-type eye feature,[27] the National Hurricane Center upgraded Daniel to hurricane status late on July 18 while located about 885 miles (1420 km) south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas.[14]

On July 19, the eye of Daniel became apparent on satellite imagery,[28] which organized into a pinhole eye.[29] It underwent an eyewall replacement cycle as it turned to the west-northwest, which temporarily halted its intensification trend, before quickly strengthening and attaining major hurricane status on July 20.[14] By later that day, Hurricane Daniel organized into a very symmetric cyclone with a distinct eye about 30 miles (50 km) in diameter; upon attaining Category 4 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the cyclone resembled the appearance of an annular hurricane.[30] On July 21 the hurricane underwent another eyewall replacement cycle, and after completing the cycle, Daniel attained peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) early on July 22 about 1350 miles (2175 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California. After maintaining peak winds for about 18 hours, Daniel began a general weakening trend as it crossed into an area of progressively cooler water temperatures.[14] The eye became more distinct on July 23,[31] before the cloud tops again warmed as the winds decreased.[32]

The hurricane crossed into the area of forecast responsibility of the Central Pacific Hurricane Center on July 24,[14] and upon doing so its eye had disappeared from satellite imagery. Daniel was forecast to track through the Hawaiian Islands as a tropical storm; water temperatures near the islands were warmer,[33] and wind shear was expected to be minimal.[34] However, it decelerated as the ridge to its north weakened, and due to the combination of cool waters and increasing easterly shear, Daniel weakened to a tropical storm on July 25.[14] By later that day, no active convection remained near the exposed circulation center, and early on July 26 it weakened to tropical depression status. As thunderstorm activity failed to redevelop, Daniel degenerated into a remnant low pressure area by 0000 UTC on July 27 about 800 miles (1290 km) east-southeast of Hilo, Hawaii. The remnant low continued west-northwestward, passing just south of the Big Island of Hawaii on July 28 before dissipating.[34]

When Hurricane Daniel was forecast to pass through the Hawaiian islands as a tropical storm, state and Hawaii county officials recommended residents to prepare hurricane kits, and purchase non-perishable foods as well as batteries. Because the storm was several days away from potentially affecting the state, few residents rushed to purchase hurricane supplies.[35] The Honolulu National Weather Service issued a high surf advisory for east facing beaches in Hawaii, and warned for beachgoers to stay out of the water.[36] Additionally, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood watch as well as a wind advisory in association with the remnants of Daniel.[37]

The remnants of Daniel dropped 2–5 inches (50–125 mm) to windward areas of the Big Island of Hawaii and Maui on July 28 through the following day.[34] West Wailuaiki on Maui recorded 3.87 inches (98.3 mm) in one day, which was the greatest daily rainfall total from the hurricane.[38] The rainfall was beneficial on Maui, where it provided precipitation for the East Maui watershed.[39] The rainfall, particularly in Kailua-Kona on the Big Island, caused ponding on roadways, as well as flooding of small streams. However, no serious injuries or damage were reported.[40] A station in Ka Lae briefly reported sustained winds of about 35 mph (55 km/h) with gusts to 45 mph (75 km/h).[34]


Tropical Storm Emilia

[edit]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 21 – July 28
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
990 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Emilia (2006)

The origins of Emilia can be traced to a tropical wave that crossed northern Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 16. The system moved westward,[14] developing a well-defined low pressure area about 525 miles (850 km) southwest of Acapulco by July 19.[41] The next day, its forward motion had shifted to a slow north-northwest track, and with its convection continuing to organize around the low, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) remarked on the potential for tropical cyclogenesis.[42] Early on July 21, its thunderstorm activity organized enough for the NHC to classify it as Tropical Depression Six-E, located to the southwest of Acapulco.[14]

Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression existed in an area of weak steering currents,[22] though a general motion to the north-northwest was influenced by a large subtropical ridge over the southwest United States.[14] The circulation was initially located east of the main convection, due to the presence of wind shear.[22] Convection increased near the center despite the shear, and on July 22 the depression attained tropical storm status about 400 mi (650 km) south of Manzanillo, Colima; it was named Emilia by the NHC.[43] Around the same time, the storm was developing better-defined rainbands,[14] and with favorable conditions expected, Emilia was forecast to attain hurricane status; the NHC noted the potential for rapid deepening as the storm passed near southwestern Mexico.[44]

Early on July 23, the storm briefly became disorganized, with the low-level circulation becoming ill-defined.[45] Around the same time, Emilia passed about 175 mi (280 km) southwest of Manzanillo, which was its closest approach to southwestern Mexico; it is believed to have caused tropical storm force wind gusts along the coastline.[14] Later that day, after turning west-northwestward, the convection increased markedly as an eyewall began to form.[46] Operationally, it was estimated to have reached winds of 70 mph (115 km/h), and it was forecast to continue strengthening to attain Category 2 status on the Saffir-Simpson scale.[47] However, the NHC later re-assessed Emilia as reaching peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h), since the eye feature was temporary and not well-defined.[14]

Shortly after reaching peak intensity, a sharp increase in wind shear caused Emilia to weaken quickly to winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).[14] Operationally, the NHC initially continued to assess the storm as with winds of 70 mph (115 m/h), with hurricane status predicted.[48] However, the decrease in strength became evident on July 24, when dry air became entrained in the circulation; at the same time, the convection became limited to the southern semicircle of the storm.[49] On July 25, the wind shear decreased as the storm turned more northward toward the Baja California peninsula,[14] although tropical cyclones affecting the Baja California peninsula in the month of July are rare.[50] Convection increased in coverage,[51] and an eye feature re-appeared early on July 26 as it again attained peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h).[14]

Emilia maintained peak winds for about 18 hours, during which it passed about 60 mi (95 km) southwest of Cabo San Lazaro, which is located on the southwestern coast of the Baja California peninsula. After brushing the peninsula with its outer rainbands, Emilia turned away from the coast into cooler waters, and subsequently began to weaken rapidly. On July 27 it deteriorated into a tropical depression, and the next day Emilia degenerated into a convective-less remnant low. The low continued westward until turning northward on July 30, and on July 31 the remnants of Emilia dissipated about 495 mi (800 km) west-southwest of San Diego, California.[14]

As Emilia first approached the southwest coast of Mexico, officials issued a tropical storm watch from Manzanillo to Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco; the watch was discontinued 30 hours after it was issued. The storm passed the region on July 22, and is believed to have produced tropical storm force wind gusts along the coastline. A ship recorded 40 mph (65 km/h) winds while Emilia was just off the coast.[14] Further up the coast, in Mazatlán, strong waves from the storm caused beaches to close, while the outer fringes of the storm dropped 4.68 inches (119 mm) of precipitation.[52] Inland, the interaction between Emilia and a tropical wave brought increased moisture and precipitation to southeastern and central Mexico.[53]

When Emilia began turning toward the Baja California peninsula, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch from Buenavista along the Gulf of California to Bahía Magdalena along the Pacific coast. The watch was replaced with a tropical storm warning about 12 hours prior to the closest approach of the storm, and additional warnings were issued along the Pacific coastline as the storm passed. All watches and warnings were discontinued by July 27.[14] Officials prepared two schools as emergency shelters in Cabo San Lucas,[54] where 100 people stayed during the storm.[55] In the area, the threat of the storm resulted in the closure of several bars and restaurants.[54] The storm dropped moderate rainfall across the southern portion of the Baja California peninsula, with a total of about 5 inches (125 mm) reported in Cabo San Lucas; the NHC remarked that higher amounts likely occurred in higher elevations. The rainfall caused minor flooding in and around Cabo San Lucas.[14] Along the southern coast of the peninsula, Emilia produced tropical storm force winds; two stations reported sustained winds of 43 mph (69 km/h), with one of those reporting wind gusts to 55 mph (89 km/h).[14] The storm caused minor damage to buildings and utility lines.[14] Waves from the storm left minor damage at several marinas in the region, with several being closed for two days.[14]

The effects of Emilia reached the southwestern United States. In southern Arizona, a surge of moisture from the storm produced scattered thunderstorms, including one severe thunderstorm in Santa Cruz County. The cell dropped heavy rainfall and large hailstones in a short amount of time; one location reported hail of 1.75 inches (44.5 mm) in diameter. The rainfall, which totaled several inches in some areas, caused flash flooding, with 8 inches (205 mm) of floodwater reported at one location along Interstate 19. Thunderstorms in Graham County produced a wind gust of 64 mph (103 km/h) at the airport in Safford. Unsettled conditions persisted across Arizona for about a week.[56] In southern California, the storm dropped light rainfall, which assisted firefighters in containing a wildfire.[57]

Tropical Storm Fabio

[edit]
Main article: Tropical Storm Fabio (2006)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 31 – August 3
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);
1000 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on July 15. It tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, generating limited thunderstorms along its path. The wave crossed Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean around July 25, and three days later developed a weak low pressure area about 515 miles (835 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. The system developed an area of convection, which gradually organized over the next few days.[14] By July 30, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began noting the potential for tropical cyclogenesis.[58] Late on July 31, the system acquired enough persistent deep convection to be designated a tropical depression, while located about 980 miles southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula.[14]

Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression was moving westward, influenced by a mid-level ridge to its north. Within six hours of developing, it attained tropical storm status and was named Fabio by the NHC.[14] Located within an environment only marginally favorable for intensification, Fabio was forecast to strengthen only slightly.[59] The convection organized into curved rainbands on August 1, and with its increased organization, the storm attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).[60] Tropical Storm Fabio maintained its peak intensity for about 24 hours,[14] during which its convection became shifted to the north of the circulation due to increased wind shear.[61] By August 2, continued shear and increased dry air caused the convection to diminish greatly, before thunderstorms later increased to the west of the center.[62] Later that day, the convection again decreased, leaving the circulation exposed from the thunderstorm activity; by that point, Fabio had weakened to tropical depression status.[63] After the cyclone was unable to regenerate any significant convection for about 24 hours, the NHC declared Fabio a remnant low early on August 4.[64] The low continued westward, degenerating into an open trough on August 6 about 450 mi (725 km) southeast of Hilo, Hawaii. The remnants moved across much of Hawaii on August 7, bringing locally heavy rainfall.[14]

As a tropical cyclone, Fabio did not affect land. However, moisture from the remnant trough of low pressure combined with an upper-level low to produce thunderstorms and heavy rainfall across much of Hawaii.[14] In Glenwood on the island of Hawaii, the system produced 2.89 inches (73 mm) of rainfall in one day; this was the highest daily rainfall total for the month on the island. The heaviest rainfall associated with the system fell on Mount Waiʻaleʻale on the island of Kauai, where 15.08 inches (383 mm) of rainfall fell in a 24 hour period; this 24 hour total alone was greater than all other monthly rainfall totals in the state.[65] The rainfall led to flooding along the Hanalei River, which forced the closure of the Kuhio Highway when a bridge was flooded.[14] On Oahu, the rainfall caused ponding on roadways and flooding along streams. One flooded stream stranded 24 hikers along a trail, who required rescue by helicopter.[66]

Tropical Storm Gilma

[edit]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 1 – August 3
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
1004 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Gilma (2006)

On July 17, 2006, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa and moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, while showing no signs of development. On July 25 the wave crossed into the Eastern Pacific, and after a few signs began to develop. The coverage and intensity of the associated thunderstorm activity fluctuated, though gradually became to organize under marginally favorable upper-level winds. At 0000 UTC on August 1, the system had become sufficiently organized to be declared a tropical depression, several hundred miles southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. This tropical cyclone formation was first mentioned in Tropical Weather Outlooks 60 hours before.[7]

The depression was tracking generally west-northwest around the western periphery of a deep-layered ridge over Central Mexico, though wind shear produced a rather erratic short-term track. This track was expected to continue until gradually curving westward.[67] The wind shear provided the cyclone was an unfavorable environment, tearing the deepest convection from the center of the storm.[68] However, thunderstorm activity developed closer to the center, and at 1200 UTC on August 1, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gilma.[7] Shortly after being upgraded, convection once again became separated from the storm's circulation center, leaving it exposed.[69] At the time, Gilma was at its peak intensity of only 40 mph (65 km/h). Gilma dissipatedon August 3.[7]

Hurricane Hector

[edit]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 15 – August 23
Peak intensity110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min);
966 mbar (hPa)

Hurricane Hector originated from a tropical wave that emerged from the western coast of Africa on July 31.[70] The wave was ill-defined, while traversing the Atlantic Ocean, but became more active as it entered the Caribbean Sea. On August 10, the wave crossed Central America an entered the Eastern Pacific basin. The shower and thunderstorm activity within the wave began to increase, strengthening the wave into a low-pressure system on August 13. Dvorak classifications were initiated on August 15 as the system became more convective. The low-pressure system was designated Tropical Depression Nine-E on August 15.

Tropical Depression Nine-E moved west-northwestward to the south of a mid-level ridge, the depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Hector on August 16.[70] Shear was moderate in the area, but was able to strengthen into a hurricane on August 17. As Hector continued west-northwest, it was able to intensify further. Hector reached its peak intensity of 110 mph on August 18 at 600 UTC. Hector maintained Category 2 status for 24 hours, encountering cooler sea temperatures soon after. Along with wind shear, the cooler temperatures caused Hector to weaken. Hector fell below hurricane strength on August 20, as convection became limited to the northeast corner of the storm.

The wind shear was not strong enough to weaken the cyclone totally, as Hector remained a 50 mph (80 km/h) storm for 24 hours.[70] Hector weakened into a tropical depression on August 23 and degenerated into a remnant low six hours later. Hector continued westward, crossing into the Central Pacific, and dissipating on August 24 east of the Hawaiian Islands.

Hurricane Ioke

[edit]
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 20 – August 27
Peak intensity160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min);
915 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific. The first storm to form in the Central Pacific in the 2006 Pacific hurricane season, Ioke was a record breaking, long-lived and extremely powerful storm that traversed the Pacific for 19 days, reaching the equivalent of Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale three times.

The cyclone developed from the Intertropical Convergence Zone on August 20 far to the south of Hawaii. Encountering warm waters, little wind shear, and well-defined outflow, Ioke intensified from a tropical depression to Category 4 status within 48 hours. Late on August 22 it rapidly weakened to Category 2 status before crossing over Johnston Atoll. Two days later favorable conditions again allowed for rapid strengthening, and Ioke attained Category 5 status on August 25 before crossing the International Date Line. As it continued westward its intensity fluctuated, and on August 31 it passed near Wake Island with winds of 155 mph (249 km/h). Ioke gradually weakened as it turned northwestward and northward, and by September 6 it had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Ioke accelerated northeastward and ultimately crossed into Alaska.

Ioke did not affect any permanently populated areas in the Central Pacific or Western Pacific basins as a hurricane or a typhoon. A crew of 12 people rode out the hurricane in a hurricane-proof bunker on Johnston Atoll; the crew estimated winds reached over 100 mph (160 km/h), which damaged trees on the island but did not impact the island's bird population. The hurricane left moderate damage on Wake Island totaling $88 million (2006 USD), including blown off roofs and damaged buildings, though the infrastructure of the island was left intact; all military personnel were evacuated from the island. Later, the extratropical remnants of Ioke produced a severe storm surge along the Alaskan coastline, causing beach erosion.

Hurricane Ileana

[edit]
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 21 – August 27
Peak intensity120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min);
955 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Ileana (2006)

Hurricane Ileana began as a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa on August 8.[71] It entered the Eastern North Pacific on August 16 and convection increased slightly. The system became a low-pressure area on August 19, warranting Dvorak numbers. As the low continued west-northwestward, the disorganized system gained thunderstorm activity on August 20. Deep convection increased greatly in the low, and it became a tropical depression on August 21 near Acapulco.[71] The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ileana six hours after forming. Ileana continued to strengthen, becoming a hurricane in 24 hours, and a major hurricane 24 hours after that. Ileana passed to the south of Socorro Island on August 23 as a Category 3 hurricane. Ileana then reached its peak intensity of 120 mph (195 km/h) on the same day, maintaining it overnight. Ileana then commenced into a slow weakening phase on August 24, when it encountered cooler waters. Ileana became a tropical depression on the morning of August 27, degenerating into a remnant low at 1800 UTC. The remnant low continued for two more days, moving slowly westward with winds of 25 mph. The low dissipated on August 29.

As Ileana was heading north along the Mexican coastline, slight rainfall was recorded along the coast.[72] There were also reports of hurricane force winds on Socorro Island.[71] One fatality was reported when a man died from heavy surf near Cabo San Lucas.[73]

Hurricane John

[edit]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 28 – September 4
Peak intensity130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min);
948 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane John (2006)

The tropical wave that would become John moved off the coast of Africa on August 17. It entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 24, and quickly showed signs of organization. That night, Dvorak classifications began on the system while it was located just west of Costa Rica,[14] and it moved west-northwestward at 10–15 mph (15–25 km/h).[74] On August 28, a persistent area of low pressure southwest of Acapulco, Mexico developed into a tropical depression. Later that day it strengthened into a tropical storm, and it reached hurricane strength 24 hours later on August 29. John underwent rapid intensification and reached Category 3 intensity later that day and Category 4 on August 30. Hours later, the hurricane underwent another eyewall replacement cycle,[75] and subsequently weakened to Category 3 status as it paralleled the Mexican coastline a short distance offshore.[76]

Potentially due to its eyewall replacement cycle of its interaction with land, Hurricane John weakened to a 105 mph hurricane by late on August 31,[77] but restrengthened to a major hurricane shortly after. It made landfall near the southern tip of Baja California as a Category 2 hurricane on September 1.[78]

The Mexican army and emergency services were stationed near the coast, while classes at public schools in and around Acapulco were canceled. Officials in Acapulco advised residents in low-lying areas to be on alert, and also urged fishermen to return to harbor. Authorities in the twin resort cities of Ixtapa and Zihuatanejo closed the port to small ocean craft.[79] Government officials in the state of Jalisco declared a mandatory evacuation for 8,000 citizens in low-lying areas to 900 temporary shelters. Temporary shelters were also set up near Acapulco.[80] The state of Michoacán was on a yellow alert, the middle of a five-level alert system.[81] Carnival Cruise Lines diverted the path of one cruise ship traveling along the Pacific waters off Mexico.[82]

On August 31, the Baja California Sur state government ordered the evacuation of more than 10,000 residents. Those who refused to follow the evacuation order would have been forced to evacuate by the army. Shelters were set up to allow local residents and tourists to ride out the storm.[83] Just weeks after a major flood in the area, officials evacuated hundreds of citizens in Las Presas in northern Mexico area near a dam. All public schools in the area were closed, as well.[84]

The United States' National Weather Service issued flood watches and warnings for portions of Texas and the southern two-thirds of New Mexico.[85]

The powerful winds of Hurricane John produced heavy surf and downed trees near Acapulco. The hurricane produced a 10 foot (3 m) storm surge in Acapulco that flooded coastal roads.[14] In addition, John caused heavy rainfall along the western coast of Mexico, peaking at 12.5 inches (317.5 mm) in Los Planes, Jalisco.[14] The rainfall resulted in mudslides in the Costa Chica region of Guerrero, leaving around 70 communities isolated.[86]

In La Paz, capital of Baja California Sur, the hurricane downed 40 power poles. Authorities cut off the power supply to the city to prevent electrocutions from downed wires. Strong winds downed trees and destroyed many advertisement signs.[87] Heavy rainfall totaling more than 20 inches (500 mm) in isolated areas[85] resulted in ankle-deep flooding, closing many roads in addition to the airport in La Paz.[87] In La Paz, 300 families received damage to their homes, with another 200 families left homeless after their houses were destroyed.[88] The combination of winds and rain destroyed thousands of flimsy houses across the region. The rainfall also destroyed large areas of crops, and also killed many livestock.[89] The rainfall caused the Iguagil dam in Comondú to overflow, isolating 15 towns due to 4 feet (1.5 m) floodwaters.[90] In the coastal city of Mulegé, flash flooding caused widespread damage throughout the town and the death of a United States citizen. More than 250 homes were damaged or destroyed in the town, leaving many people homeless.[88] Severe flooding blocked portions of Federal Highway 1, and also caused damage to an aqueduct in the region.[91]

In all, Hurricane John destroyed hundreds of houses and blew off the roofs of 160 houses on the Baja California peninsula.[92] Six people were killed, and damage in Mexico amounted to $663 million (2006 MXN, $60.8 million 2006 USD).[93]

In Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, across the U.S. border from El Paso, Texas, rainfall from the storm's remnants flooded 20 neighborhoods, downed power lines, and resulted in several traffic accidents.[85] Rainfall from John, combined with continual precipitation during the two weeks before the storm, left thousands of people homeless.[94]


Moisture from the remnants of John combined with an approaching cold front to produce moderate amounts of rainfall across the southwest United States, including a total of 8 inches (200 mm) in Whitharral[95] and more than 3 inches (75 mm) in El Paso, Texas. The rainfall flooded many roads in southwestern Texas,[85] including a ½ mile (800 m) portion of Interstate 10 in El Paso.[96] A slick runway at El Paso International Airport delayed a Continental Airlines jet when its tires were stuck in mud.[85] Rainfall from John in El Paso, combined with an unusually wet year, resulted in twice the normal annual rainfall, and caused 2006 to be the ninth wettest year on record by September.[97] Damage totaled about $100,000 (2006 USD) in the El Paso area from the precipitation.[98] In northern Texas, the rainfall alleviated a severe drought,[84] and also caused Lake Alan Henry to overflow.[99] The Texas Department of Transportation closed numerous roads due to flooding from the precipitation, including a portion of U.S. Route 385 near Levelland. Several of the roads were washed out.[95]

Moisture derived from John also produced rainfall across southern New Mexico, peaking at 5.25 inches (133 mm) at Ruidoso. The rainfall overflowed rivers, forcing people to evacuate along the Rio Ruidoso.[100] The rainfall also caused isolated road flooding.[85] Rainfall in New Mexico canceled an annual wine festival in Las Cruces and caused muddy conditions at the All American Futurity at the Ruidoso Downs, the biggest day of horse racing in New Mexico.[101] Flooding was severe in Mesquite, Hatch, and Rincon, where many homes experienced 4 feet (1.5 m) of flooding and mud.[102] Some homeowners lost all they owned.[103] Tropical moisture from the storm also produced rainfall in Arizona[85] and southern California. In California, the rainfall produced eight separate mudslides, trapping 19 vehicles but causing no injuries.[104]

Branches of the Mexican Red Cross in Guerrero, Oaxaca and Michoacán were put on alert. The organization's national emergency response team was on stand-by to assist the most affected areas.[86] Navy helicopters delivered food and water to remote areas of the Baja California peninsula.[89] The Mexican Red Cross dispatched 2,000 food parcels to the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[105] In the city of Mulegé, gas supply, which was necessary to run generators, was low, drinking water was gone, and the airstrip was covered with mud. Many homeless residents initially stayed with friends or in government-run shelters.[88] Throughout the Baja California peninsula, thousands remained without water or electricity by two days after the storm,[91] although a pilot from Phoenix prepared to fly to the disaster area with 100 gallons (380 litres) of water. Other pilots were expected to execute similar flights, as well.[88] The office of Baja California Sur Tourism stated that minimal damage occurred to the tourism infrastructure, with only minimal delays to airports, roads, and maritime facilities.[106] The Episcopal Relief and Development delivered food, clothing, medicine, and transportation to about 100 families, and gave mattresses to about 80 families.[94]

Many residents in Tucson, including more than 50 students, delivered supplies to flood victims in New Mexico, including clothing and other donations.[103]

Hurricane Kristy

[edit]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 30 – September 8
Peak intensity80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min);
985 mbar (hPa)

On August 30, a tropical wave located about 525 miles south-southwest of Baja California became more organized and was designated as the twelfth tropical depression of the 2006 season. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Kristy before the first regular advisory and became Hurricane Kristy the next day. It did not retain this status for long, partly due to its proximity to Hurricane John. It weakened steadily and looked to be close to dissipating, but on September 3, and again on September 5, convection flared up and it returned to tropical storm strength.

Due to Kristy's close proximity to the larger Hurricane John, there was a possibility of a Fujiwhara interaction between both systems, causing Kristy to weaken or perhaps be absorbed into the circulation of John.[107] However, this did not occur. After oscillating between storm and depression strength, the system degenerated into a remnant low on September 7.

Hurricane Lane

[edit]
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 13 – September 17
Peak intensity125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min);
952 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Lane (2006)

On September 13, a tropical disturbance located about 125 miles west-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico, gradually became better organized and was designated the thirteenth tropical depression of the 2006 season. The depression intensified in a favorable environment, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Lane later that night.

Tropical Storm Lane produced heavy rainfall and high seas along the west coast of Mexico, including Acapulco where flood waters reached 16 inches (40 cm) in depth. The Acapulco airport also experienced flooding, though service was not interrupted. In addition, officials closed the port in Acapulco to small boats.[108] One person was killed in a landslide triggered by Lane.[109]

As it moved parallel to the Mexican coast it continued to strengthen and became a hurricane on September 15, and a major hurricane early the next day. It made landfall on the coast of Sinaloa state on September 16.

Tropical Storm Miriam

[edit]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 16 – September 18
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
999 mbar (hPa)

A disturbance associated with a northerly extension of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and a tropical wave developed a closed circulation on September 15 while located to the west of Hurricane Lane. It moved northeastward under the influence of Lane, and organized enough to be declared Tropical Depression Fourteen-E on September 16 while located about 500 miles southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. It quickly strengthened, and organized into Tropical Storm Miriam later that day. After reaching a peak intensity of 45 mph (70 km/h), vertical wind shear and cooler waters rapidly weakened the storm, and the circulation decoupled from the convection on September 17. After turning more towards the north, Miriam weakened to tropical depression status, and on September 18 it degenerated to a remnant low. The remnant circulation turned to the northwest, then to the east, and dissipated on September 21 a short distance west of Baja California. No deaths are damage are associated with Miriam, and only one ship recorded winds of over tropical storm force near the center.[110]

Tropical Depression Two-C

[edit]
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 18 – September 20
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1007 mbar (hPa)

On September 18, an area of disturbed weather became sufficiently organized and was designated Tropical Depression Two-C. The depression weakened into a remnant low on September 20, never reaching tropical storm status.

Tropical Depression Three-C

[edit]
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 26 – September 27
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
985 mbar (hPa)

On September 26, another area of disturbed weather in the Central Pacific, very near the International Date Line became organized and was designated Tropical Depression Three-C. However, wind shear was not favorable, inhibiting development, and the system dissipated 12 hours later, just as the system was crossing into the Western Pacific.

Tropical Storm Norman

[edit]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 9 – October 15
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);
1000 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Norman (2006)

Early in October, a low pressure system began to organize better to the west of the coast of Mexico. Late in the evening of October 8, it became Tropical Depression Fifteen-E as the circulation closed. It strengthened slowly overnight and became a tropical storm the next day, but strong wind shear and low sea-surface temperatures hindered development. It slowly began to weaken and on October 10 lost most convection. The remnant low of Norman combined with a new tropical disturbance while southwest of Manzanillo, and slowly began to reorganize. The system was redesignated a tropical depression on October 15, south-southeast of Manzanillo, Colima. Conventional satellite imagery suggests that Norman may have made landfall east of Manzanillo, but as surface observations do not suggest landfall was made, and microwave satellite imagery could not easily track the disorganised depression, the NHC estimates that Norman dissipated over the Pacific as it neared Manzanillo.[111]

Tropical Storm Olivia

[edit]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 9 – October 12
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1000 mbar (hPa)

Less than a day after the formation of Fifteen-E a second depression formed even further to the south-west from Baja California and was designated Tropical Depression Sixteen-E. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Olivia on October 10, after persistent deep convection. It encountered shearing winds and marginal temperatures and began to weaken the next day, dissipating on October 12. The remnant low became absorbed by the large area of disturbed weather associated with the remnants of Norman.

Tropical Depression Four-C

[edit]
Main article: Tropical Depression Four-C (2006)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 13 – October 14
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1007 mbar (hPa)

An area of thunderstorm activity and convection was first spotted in the ITCZ on October 8. Taking a long time to organise, Tropical Depression Four-C formed about 750 miles (1200 km) SW of Honolulu, Hawaii on October 13. Wind shear caused an exposed low-level circulation and therefore advisories were discontinued on October 14. The remnants of TD-4C fuelled heavy rainfall and flooding on Big Island.[112]

Hurricane Paul

[edit]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 21 – October 26
Peak intensity105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
970 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Paul (2006)

On October 21, a tropical disturbance that had lingered for a few days near the Mexican coast quickly developed more convection, enough to strengthen to a tropical depression. The system quickly strengthened and was designated Tropical Storm Paul six hours later. Easterly shear prevented it from strengthening much in the first two days of its existence, but late on October 22 it began to strengthen steadily and became a hurricane. It reached Category 2 with a peak of 105 mph winds before rapidly weakening as it moved northwards, encountering heavy shear and unsuitable conditions on October 23.

While originally forecast to hit the western Mexican coastline as a hurricane, Paul quickly weakened into a tropical storm while southwest of the Baja California peninsula. It steadily moved across the southern areas of the Gulf of California before weakening into a tropical depression a short distance off the Mexican coast. On October 26 it made landfall near the southern end of Isla Altamura and became a remnant low shortly after.

Tropical Depression Eighteen-E

[edit]
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 26 – October 27
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1007 mbar (hPa)

Tropical Depression Eighteen-E formed from a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa on October 7.[113] A low-pressure system became associated with the wave on October 12, 750 nautical miles southwest from the southernmost Cape Verde Islands.[114] However, strong upper-level winds inhibited development of the low-pressure area as it continued westward. The low-pressure area crossed into the Eastern Pacific basin on October 20.[113]

Convection began to come together on October 24, strengthening into a tropical depression two days later.[113] The depression moved to the southwest, encountering wind shear and dry, stable air. Thunderstorm activity lessened in the depression, degenerating into a remnant low on October 28. The remnants continued, dissipating the next day.

Unnamed Subtropical storm

[edit]
Main article: 2006 Central Pacific cyclone


An extratropical storm persisted in the extreme northern central Pacific Ocean in late October. It drifted over unusually warm waters, as much as 2°C above normal, and gradually developed convection near the center. By November 2, satellite-estimated winds within the system were as high as 60 mph while the storm was located about 900 miles west of Oregon. The system also developed a cloud-free eye and an eyewall. The cyclone tracked northeastward as it gradually weakened as it approached the Northwest. By the time it made landfall on November 4 it was only a 40 mph Tropical Storm. However, it brought heavy rainfall to portions of Vancouver Island in southwestern Canada.

NASA considered the cyclone to be a subtropical storm. However, as it formed outside of the territory of any monitoring organization, it was not named. Operationally, the United States Navy treated the system as a tropical disturbance, numbered 91C.

Tropical Storm Rosa

[edit]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 8 – November 10
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
1002 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged off the western coast of Africa on October 22. As the wave traversed the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, it was hard to track.[115] On November 3, the wave crossed over Central America and entered the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Shortly thereafter, activity in the wave increased, strengthening into an area of low-pressure on November 5. Convection remained disorganized on November 6, but began to organize the next day. Just after 600 UTC on November 8, the low-pressure area was designated Tropical Depression Nineteen-E. The formation the tropical depression was the first one in November since 2002's Tropical Depression Sixteen-E.[116]

The depression moved slowly northward, gaining the organization for a tropical storm.[115] However, the satellites showed a degenerated area from southwesterly wind shear. Convection reformed on November 9, despite the shear, causing the depression to strengthen into Tropical Storm Rosa. The shear resulted in a halt in organization, as Rosa lost tropical storm status 18 hours later. Tropical Depression Rosa degenerated into an open trough on November 10. Tropical Storm Rosa was the first tropical storm in the Eastern Pacific in November since 2000.[115]

Tropical Depression Twenty-E

[edit]
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 11 – November 11
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1007 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged off of the western coast of Africa on October 21, while a low-pressure system formed east of the Lesser Antilles on August 25.[117][118] The low went eastward, crossing through the Windward Islands on August 27.[119] The low-pressure area weakened and became tropical wave on August 28.[120] The wave continued westward, passing through the Caribbean Sea. When the wave entered the southwestern Caribbean, it spawned another low-pressure area.[117] The low-pressure area crossed Central America and entered the Eastern Pacific Ocean on November 1.

Convection remained minimal, and the low-pressure area meandered around in dry, stable air.[117] Convection became organized on November 9 for warranting of Dvorak numbers, but the chances quickly diminished. A curving band appeared in the low on November 10, with the low strengthening into Tropical Depression Twenty-E on November 11. The wave never left the Intertropical Convergence Zone and degenerated into an open trough on the same day. Redevelopment of the depression was not anticipated, and it disappeared by the afternoon of November 12.[121]

Hurricane Sergio

[edit]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 13 – November 20
Peak intensity110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min);
965 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Sergio (2006)

Just days after Tropical Depression Twenty-E degenerated into an open trough, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Twenty-One-E on November 13 about 460 miles (740 km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico, and steadily intensified as it tracked southeastward. Sergio reached peak winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) on November 15, and subsequently began to weaken due to increased wind shear as it turned to the north. Sergio later turned to the west, remaining well off the coast of Mexico, and dissipated on November 20 about 320 miles (515 km) west-northwest of where it originally formed.[122]

Sergio produced light rainfall along the coast of Mexico, though its effects were minimal.[123] The formation of Sergio marked the 2006 season as the busiest in 12 years and the first season in which more than one tropical storm formed in November. Sergio, in addition to being the strongest hurricane after November 1, was also the longest-lived Pacific tropical cyclone in November, lasting a total of seven days.[122][124]



Season impact

[edit]

This is a table of the storms in 2006 and their landfall(s), if any. Deaths in parentheses are indirect; an example of such would be a traffic accident, but still storm-related. Damage and death totals include times when the storm was an extratropical storm or precursor wave.

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
2006 Pacific hurricane statistics
Storm
name 		Dates active Storm category

at peak intensity

Max
wind

(mph)

Min.
press.
(mbar) 		Landfall(s) Damage
(millions
USD) 		Deaths
Where When Wind

(mph)

Aletta May 29 – May 30 Tropical storm 45 1002 none Light 0
Two-E June 4 – July 6 Tropical depression 35 1007 none light 0
Bud July 11 – June 16 Category 3 hurricane 125 953 none none  0 
Carlotta July 12 – July 16 Category 1 hurricane 85 993 none none  0 
Daniel July 16-July 26 Category 4 hurricane 155 928 none Minimal  0 
Emilla July 21 – July 28 Tropical storm 65 990 Baja California Sur (direct hit, no landfall) July 24 65 Light  0 
Fausto July 16 – July 22 Category 2 hurricane 100 975 none none  0 
Genevieve July 21 – July 27 Category 1 hurricane 75 987 none none  0 
Hernan August 6 – August 13 Category 3 hurricane 120 956 none none  0 
Kika August 6 – August 12 Tropical storm 40 1007 none none  0 
Iselle August 13 – August 16 Tropical storm 50 999 none none  0 
Julio August 23 – August 26 Tropical storm 50 998 La Paz, Mexico August 25 45 Minimal  2 
San Marcos, Mexico August 26 35
Karina September 2– September 3 Tropical storm 40 1000 none none  0 
Lowell September 6– September 11 Tropical storm 60 998 Baja California Sur September 11 30 Minimal  0 
Sinaloa, Mexico September 12 25
Marie October 1 – October 6 Category 1 hurricane 80 984 none none  0 
Norbert October 3 – October 12 Category 4 hurricane 140 945 Puerto Charley, Mexico October 11 105 Unknown  8 
Southern Sonora October 12 85
Odile October 8 – October 12 Tropical storm 65 996 Guerrero, Mexico (Direct hit, no landfall) October 11 65 Unknown  0 
Seventeen-E October 23 – October 24 Tropical depression 35 1007 none none  0 
Polo November 2 – Still Active Tropical storm 40 1005 none none  0 
Season Aggregates
19 cyclones May 29 – Still Active    140 945 8 landfalls 33 12 (7)

References

[edit]
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