User:Xinyu Cai111111/Cybersex trafficking
Xinyu Cai111111 (talk) 23:33, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
Tasks
[edit]- Expand activities (cybersex trafficking) by region
-Australia and Oceania
-East Asia
-Europe
-North America (will work on it in the future)
-Southeast Asia (will work on it in the future)
- Add reliable sources
Who I am
[edit]Hi, I am Xinyu Cai. I am interested in the field of human trafficking because of three years of learning experience in human geography! I am currently editing cybersex trafficking and my main goal is to expand activities by region in the original article.
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Article Draft
[edit]Definition
[edit]webcam sex tourism/abuse[1], ICTs(Information and Communication Technologies)-facilitated sexual exploitation[2].
Australia and Oceania
[edit]Australia
[edit]In 2016, Queensland Police Service officers from Task Force Argos executed a federal search warrant at a 58-year-old Australian man's residence. [3] The Australian man pleaded guilty to numerous charges, including soliciting a child for sex and having sex with a child under 16 years of age outside of Australia. [4] Using Skype, the man conducted "live remote" sexual abuse, exploiting two young children in the Philippines while making payments to their mother. [3][4] The exploitation began when the children were only 2 and 7 years old, and the abuse continued for nearly five years. [3] In May 2019, according to the Australian Federal Police (AFP), numerous cases were also uncovered related to Australians allegedly paying for and manipulating child sexual abuse. [5]
In November 2019, Australia was alerted by Child Sexual Abuse live streaming when AUSTRAC filed legal action against Westpac Bank in relation to over 23 million suspected violations of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 (Cth). [3]
Since 2017, IJM (International Justice Mission) Australia has been working on legal reforms to strengthen Australia's response to OSEC, commonly known as online sex trafficking of children. On June 16, 2020, both houses of the Parliament of Australia enacted the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Sexual Crimes Against Children and Community Protection Measures) Bill 2019, which received royal assent on June 22, 2020.[6] Jacob Sarkodee, CEO of IJM Australia, noted that this new legislation recognizes the contribution of Australians to the growing demand for online sex trafficking of children.[6] According to 2020 Global OSEC report[7], Australians are the third largest purchasers of cybersex trafficking of children in Philippines.[7][6]Under the proposal made by the IJM, the new legislation specifies that those who watch live streaming of child cybersex trafficking will receive the same penalties as those who manipulate and direct the sexual abuse of children themselves.[6]
East Asia
[edit]In March 2020, South Korean news agencies reported some details about cybersex trafficking cases: in crypto-messaging apps such as Telegram and Discord, "at least 74 women and 16 minors performed "sex shows" online for a global audience of thousands who paid for cryptocurrency".[8] The victims were manipulated and tortured by viewers and were referred to as slaves. This case is related to the widespread availability and expansion of spy cameras (often referred to as "Molka") in South Korea.[9]
In the trade for female North Koreans, cybersex trafficking is the small but rapidly growing element.[10]Girls as young as 9 years old were abused and exploited in "sex shows" that are broadcast live online to a paying audience, many of them are believed to be Korean men.[10][11]
According to Korea Future Initiative 2019, an estimated 60 percent of North Korean female refugees in China are trafficked into the sex trade,[10] of these, about 15 percent is sold into cybersex dens for exploitation by global online audiences.[12] China's crackdown on undocumented North Koreans in July 2017 and a developing cybersex industry have fueled the rapid expansion of cybersex dens.[12]
Cybersex trafficking is thought to be extremely lucrative.[10]According to primary research, helpers experiences and survivors testimonies, Live streamed videos of cybersex featuring North Korean girls ages 9-14 can cost $60-$110, while videos featuring North Korean girls and women ages 17-24 can cost up to $90.[10] Offenders are believed to manipulate victims by the means of drugs and violence (physical and sexual).[12] In investigation conducted from February to September 2018, South Korean websites have been discovered to promote North Korean cybersex and pornography, even in the form of "pop-up" advertisements.[10] The high demand of North Korean cybersex victims is largely driven by South Korean man high involvement in searching Korean-language pornography.[13][14] In South Korea, compared to the penalties made for production and distribution of child sexual abuse imagery, the penalties for those who possess images of child porn are far below international standards.[15]
Europe
[edit]Europe was the second largest source of "online enticement" CyberTipline reports.[7] According to Global Threat Assessment 2018, many customers of Online Sexual Exploitation of Children (OSEC) are centered in Europe, along with those who are traffickers and victims of OSEC.[16]
In 2019, Europe made up 14% of all sexual exploitation on a global scale.[17] Minors are usually trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation to EU, and most of them are foreign female children from Nigeria.[17] In Europe, women and children exploited in the sex trade online are increasingly being advertised, with children are being promoted as adults.[17]
The great Internet freedom[18] and low web hosting costs[19] make the Netherlands one of the countries with a major market for online sexual exploitation.[20] In the 2018 annual report, the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) has said that about 79 percent (82803 out of 105047) of the URLs for materials of child sexual abuse are in Europe, with the vast majority of them are Netherlands-based.[21] The material is produced from different countries in the globe, but they are all hosted on computer servers in the Netherlands.[18] IWF has reported that over 105,047 URLs were linked to illegal images of child sexual abuse, with the Netherlands hosting 47 percent of the content.[19][21]
References
[edit]- ^ Masri, Lena (2015-12-31). "Webcam Child Sex Abuse". Capstones.
- ^ "Improving the regulation of cybersex trafficking of women and children through the use of data science and artificial intelligence" (PDF). Global Campus of Human Rights. October 2020.
- ^ a b c d Brown, Rick; Napier, Sarah (2020-02-19). Australians who view live streaming of child sexual abuse: An analysis of financial transactions. Australian Institute of Criminology. ISBN 978-1-925304-33-6.
- ^ a b Cormack, Lucy (2019-06-15). "Convicted child sex offender behind bars again for illicit Skype relationship with Filipino children under the age of 12". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ Cormack, Lucy (2019-06-15). "'Someday I will get found and locked up': Inside the global fight against online child sex abuse". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ a b c d "MEDIA RELEASE: New Australian law to aid in global fight against the online sexual exploitation of children". IJM Australia. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "South Korea reels from latest high-tech, online sex trafficking case". The World from PRX. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ^ "Sex trafficking in South Korea", Wikipedia, 2021-10-18, retrieved 2021-12-07
- ^ a b c d e f Hee-soon, Yoon (2019). "Sex Slaves: The Prostitution, Cybersex & Forced Marriage of North Korean Women & Girls in China" (PDF). Sexual and Reproductive Health: 12.
- ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (2019-09-13). "After Fleeing North Korea, Women Get Trapped as Cybersex Slaves in China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ a b c Engstran, Erin; Flynn, Caitlin; Harris, Meg (2020). "Gender and Migration from North Korea". Journal of Public & International Affairs.
- ^ Engstran, Erin; Flynn, Caitlin; Harris, Meg (2020). "Gender and Migration from North Korea". Journal of Public & International Affairs.
- ^ Hee-soon, Yoon (2019). "Sex Slaves: The Prostitution, Cybersex & Forced Marriage of North Korean Women & Girls in China" (PDF). Sexual and Reproductive Health: 12.
- ^ Jeong, Andrew; Kim, Na-Young (30 November 2019). "Global Child-Porn Sting Puts Pressure on South Korea to Toughen Laws". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ WePROTECT Global Alliance. (2018). Global Threat Assessment 2018: Working Together to End Sexual Exploitation of Children Online.
- ^ a b c Bondi, Hannah (2019-01-18). "Trafficked Women and Girls Sold Online |". Young Feminist Europe. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Gibbons, Katie. "71% of child sex abuse images are from Netherlands". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ^ a b "Netherlands 'hosts most child sex abuse images'". BBC News. 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ^ Vienna (2020). Leveraging innovation to fight trafficking in human beings: A comprehensive analysis of technology tools. © 2020 OSCE/Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings.
- ^ a b "2018 Annual Report". IWF. Retrieved 6 December 2021.