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User:XDanielx/zkVM

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A zkVM is a virtual machine whose execution can be cryptographically proven. This enables a prover to convince a verifier that executing a program produces some result, without the verifier having to repeat the execution themselves.

zkVM is an acronym for zero-knowledge virtual machine. While some zkVMs do use zero-knowledge proofs, others use succinct cryptographic proofs which do not have the zero-knowledge property.

Examples

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TinyRAM[1]

Cairo

RISC Zero

SP1

Jolt[2]

Miden

Triton

References

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  1. ^ SNARKs for C: Verifying Program Executions Succinctly and in Zero Knowledge. CRYPTO 2013. Springer.
  2. ^ Jolt: SNARKs for Virtual Machines via Lookups. EUROCRYPT 2024. Springer.