User:WoodySaints/Cultivation theory
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[edit]Originally, cultivation theory focused on the interactions. individuals have with the media, such as watching the news on television.[1] For example, a study focusing on television consumption among adolescents found that those who watched more TV had become more desensitized to the dangers of alcohol.[2] Traditionally cultivation has studied “changes in the mass production and rapid distribution of messages across previous barriers of time, space, and social grouping,”[3] with its main focus pertaining to television. Cultivation is starting to look at social media as a tool that shapes perceptions.
Cultivation theory has continued to evolve through the rise of the internet and social media. In 2019, focusing on the application of cultivation through the use of Instagram, Stein, Krause, and Ohler, found female participants depicted more of a negative self-body image compared to males when scrolling on their homepage.[4] This experiment also found that women perceive other women as having better self-esteem regarding body image.[5] Another study found that social media influenced college students' perceptions of other students' self-efficacy.[6] This study looked at Facebook and Twitter. Researchers discovered that Twitter had more of a positive direct effect on students when compared to Facebook, which cultivated a negative direct effect.[7] One study suggested that cultivation through mass media, such as television, has a greater effect compared to social media.[8] In 2024, a study focusing on social media's impact on optimism and pessimism in regards to individuals' outlook on the world found that social media does shape these perspectives.[9] There was a positive correlation between high social media usage and the development of a more negative mindset about the world,[10] which is an example of Mean World Syndrome. Cultivation theory suggests that the use of social media also impacts how individuals learn about their own culture as well as the cultures of those around them.[11] This can also cultivate an implicit bias about groups that are different from oneself.[12] These studies all adhere to the main idea of cultivation, that “those who spend more time watching television [and being on social media] are more likely to perceive the real world in ways that reflect the most common and recurrent messages of the world of fictional television.”[13]
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George Gerbner's cultivation theory is a sociological and communications framework designed to unravel the enduring impacts of media consumption, with a primary focus on television. At its core, the theory posits a compelling hypothesis: individuals who invest more time in watching television are prone to perceive the real world through a lens aligning with the prevalent depictions in television messages, in contrast to their counterparts with lower television viewership but comparable demographic profiles.
The premise hinges on the idea that increased exposure to television content, marked by recurring patterns of messages and images, cultivates shifts in individuals' perceptions. This transformative process extends beyond mere entertainment, playing a pivotal role in shaping the cultural fabric by reinforcing shared assumptions about the world. Cultivation theory, therefore, seeks to unravel the intricate dynamics of how prolonged engagement with television programming influences collective perspectives.
This theory believes that television has taken the role in which family, schools and churches formerly played in the society, which is the function of enculturation.
A notable validation of the theory's significance emerges from a comprehensive 2004 study conducted by Jennings Bryant and Dorina Miron. Their examination, encompassing nearly 2,000 articles published in the top three mass communication journals since 1956, revealed cultivation theory as the third most frequently employed cultural framework. This underscores the theory's enduring relevance and widespread adoption within the realm of mass communication scholarship.
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[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Griffin, E. A., Ledbetter, A., & Sparks, G. G. (2023). Cultivation Theory of George Gerbner. A First Look at Communication Theory (11th ed., pp. 478-488). McGraw Hill.
- ^ Russell, C. A., Russell, D. W., Boland, W. A., & Grube, J. W. (2014). Television's Cultivation of American Adolescents' Beliefs about Alcohol and the Moderating Role of Trait Reactance. Journal of children and media, 8(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2014.863475.
- ^ Potter, W. J. (2022). What Does the Idea of Media Cultivation Mean? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 66(4), 540–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2022.2131788.
- ^ Stein, J.-P., Krause, E., & Ohler, P. (2021). Every (Insta)Gram Counts? Applying Cultivation Theory to Explore the Effects of Instagram on Young Users' Body Image. Psychology of Popular Media, 10(1), 87–97.
- ^ Stein, J.-P., Krause, E., & Ohler, P. (2021). p. 87–97.
- ^ McNallie, J., Timmermans, E., Dorrance Hall, E., Van den Bulck, J., & Wilson, S. R. (2020). Social media intensity and first-year college students' academic self-efficacy in Flanders and the United States. Communication Quarterly, 68(2), 115–137.
- ^ McNallie, et al. (2020). p.115–137.
- ^ Cheng, J. W., Mitomo, H., Otsuka, T., & Jeon, S. Y. (2016). Cultivation effects of mass and social media on perceptions and behavioural intentions in post-disaster recovery–The case of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Telematics and Informatics, 33(3), 753-772. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S073658531530112X.
- ^ Senne, Joshua A., "Applying Cultivation Theory in Determining the Relationship Between SNS Use and Optimism/Pessimism of Adults in the United States and the Moderating/Mediating Effects of Platform, Content, and Connections on This Relationship" (2024). Doctoral Dissertations and Projects. 5396. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/5396.
- ^ Senne, Joshua A. (2024). https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/5396.
- ^ Tirasawasdichai, T., Obrenovic, B., & Alsharif, H. Z. H. (2022). The impact of TV series consumption on cultural knowledge: An empirical study based on gratification-cultivation theory. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 1061850. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061850.
- ^ Pollock, W., Tapia, N. D., & Sibila, D. (2022). Cultivation theory: The impact of crime media's portrayal of race on the desire to become a U.S. police officer. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 24(1), 42–52.
- ^ Morgan, M., & Shanahan, J. (2010). The state of cultivation. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 54(2), 337-355. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08838151003735018.