User:Wolverine X-eye/List of manids
Conventions
[edit]Conservation status | |
---|---|
EX | Extinct (0 species) |
EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
CR | Critically Endangered (0 species) |
EN | Endangered (1 species) |
VU | Vulnerable (0 species) |
NT | Near threatened (0 species) |
LC | Least concern (0 species) |
Other categories | |
DD | Data deficient (0 species) |
NE | Not evaluated (0 species) |
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided where possible; if unavailable, a description of the species will instead be provided. All extinct species and subspecies listed alongside extant species are indicated by dagger symbol "†". Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.
Classification
[edit]The family Manidae is composed of eight extant species belonging to three genera in three subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include extinct species or hybrid animals.
- Subfamily Maninae
- Genus: Manis (Asian pangolins): four species
- Subfamily Phatagininae
- Genus: Phataginus (African tree pangolins): two species
- Subfamily Smutsiinae
- Genus: Smutsia (African ground pangolins): two species
Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within superfamily Manoidea.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Pholidotamorpha | southern Asian clade northern Asian clade African clade | |
(Pholidota sensu lato)
|
Manids
[edit]Subfamily Maninae
[edit]Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Indian pangolin | M. crassicaudata E. Geoffroy, 1803 |
Indian subcontinent (current range in blue) |
Size: 148 cm (58 in) long, with a 42.5 cm (16.7 in) long tongue and a weight of 10–20 kg (22–44 lb)[7] Habitat: Savanna, forest, grassland and shrubland[7] Diet: Omnivorous; eats vegetation, roots, buds, fruit, nuts, insects, fish, mammals, and carrion[8] |
EN |
Chinese pangolin | M. pentadactyla Cuvier, 1823 Seven subspecies
|
Southeast Asia (current range in green) |
Size: 120–180 cm (47–71 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail 65–150 kg (143–331 lb)[9] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[10] Diet: Eats vegetation, insects, fruit, nuts, ungulates, and livestock[10] |
VU |
Philippine pangolin | M. culionensis Linnaeus, 1758 Sixteen subspecies
|
Southeast Asia (extant range in brown) |
Size: 100–280 cm (39–110 in) long, plus 6–20 cm (2–8 in) tail 80–550 kg (176–1,213 lb)[12] Habitat: Desert, forest, inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[13] Diet: Omnivorous; eats grasses, herbs, roots, berries, nuts, insects, mammals, and fish[13] |
LC
|
Sunda pangolin | M. javanica Mulgrave, 1774 |
Southeast Asia (extant range in green) |
Size: 220–244 cm (87–96 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail 408–726 kg (900–1,600 lb)[14] Habitat: Marine oceanic, shrubland, forest, grassland, marine coastal/supratidal, and marine intertidal[15] Diet: Primarily eats seals, as well as walruses, beluga whales, birds, fish, vegetation and kelp[15] |
VU |
Subfamily Phatagininae
[edit]Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population[a] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Long-tailed pangolin | P. tetradactyla (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Two subspecies
|
Central and West Africa (range in brown) |
Size: 71–105 cm (28–41 in) long, 40–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[17] Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland[18] Diet: Mostly unknown, with evidence of rodents, squirrels, and snakes[18] |
NT
|
Tree pangolin | P. tricuspis (Gray, 1874) |
Large parts of Central and West Africa |
Size: 53–67 cm (21–26 in) long, 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[19] Habitat: Forest[20] Diet: Unknown[20] |
EN
|
Subfamily Smutsiinae
[edit]Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population[a] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Giant pangolin | S. gigantea (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Two subspecies
|
Areas across Central and East Africa |
Size: 71–105 cm (28–41 in) long, 40–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[17] Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland[18] Diet: Mostly unknown, with evidence of rodents, squirrels, and snakes[18] |
NT
|
Ground pangolin | S. temminckii (Gray, 1874) |
Large areas across Southern, East and North Africa |
Size: 53–67 cm (21–26 in) long, 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[19] Habitat: Forest[20] Diet: Unknown[20] |
EN
|
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.
- ^ Du Toit, Z.; Grobler, J. P.; Kotzé, A.; Jansen, R.; Brettschneider, H.; Dalton, D. L. (2014). "The complete mitochondrial genome of Temminck's ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii; Smuts, 1832) and phylogenetic position of the Pholidota (Weber, 1904)". Gene. 551 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.040. PMID 25158133.
- ^ du Toit, Z.; du Plessis, M.; Dalton, D. L.; Jansen, R.; Paul Grobler, J.; Kotzé, A. (2017). "Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 746. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5. PMC 5609056. PMID 28934931.
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