User:Wjemather/Olympics
Appearance
Sources
[edit]
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Statistics
[edit]Per the official report:
Event | Number of entrants by horse/equipment owner's country | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
France | Belgium | Italy | Russia | America | Austria | Germany | Spain | ||
Obstacle course | 27 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
Saddle horses | 45 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
Long jump | 9 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Four-in-hand | 16 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 31 |
High jump | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
- Official report lists first 3; most sources (incl. IOC) list the 7 "flots de rubans" (rosette) winners; Mallon also lists Mandl, but doesn't list Phillipot
- Official report states 45 horses. Official programme has 38; Floridor (Phillipot) is not listed, nor is Mandl (their inclusion leaves 2 Belgian & 3 French entrants)
- Only first 3 had clear rounds; Floridor was quicker but clipped a couple of obstacles (without knocking any down) for 1/4 fault and was classified behind the first 3.[1][2]
Rank | Rider | Horse | Nation | Owner(s) | Time | No | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Aimé Haegeman | Benton II | ![]() |
<rider> | 2:16.0 | 12 | officier de lanciers, lieutenant instructeur à l'École de cavalerie d'Ypres;[3] capitaine 2e chasseurs in 1902.[4] |
![]() |
Georges Van Der Poële | Windsor Squire | ![]() |
<rider> | 2:17.6 | 38 | gentleman |
![]() |
Louis de Champsavin[5] | Terpsichore | ![]() |
André Lefeuvre and Louis de Champsavin | 2:26.0 | 21 | lieutenant-instructeur de cavalerie à l'École de Saint-Cyr; winner of the Coupe[5] |
4–10 (ribbons) |
Arthur Philippot | Floridor | ![]() |
<rider>[a] | Unknown | Bruxelles | |
Louis d'Havrincourt (draft) | Mavourneen | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 16 | Count; author (Dressage en liberté du cheval d'obstacles, Le Paradis des chevaux d'obstacles, La battue de perdreaux) (Pierre Marie Louis De Cardevac d'Havrincourt, b. 29 June 1863 Lapalisse, Allier, d. 22 July 1928) | |
Henri Leclerc (draft) | Extra Dry | ![]() |
Constant van Langhendonck | Unknown | 36 | Artillery officer; Legion of Honour[6] | |
Henri Leclerc | Gilles (ex-Needles) | ![]() |
A de Santa-Victoria (Alphonse?) | Unknown | 31 | ||
Charles de Béthune-Sully (draft)[b] | Tip-Top | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 2 | Comte de Béthune-Sully | |
Maurice Jéhin[c] (draft) | Bistouri | ![]() |
Paul Lambert | Unknown | 20 | Horse dealer | |
Napoléon Murat[5] |
Arcadius | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 24 | ||
11–37 | Albert Wignolle |
Rayon d'Or | ![]() |
B. Grégoire | Unknown | 11 | |
Henri de Coulombiers[3][f] |
My Dear | ![]() |
Comte Edouard de Fleurieu | Unknown | 10 | ||
(Marie Louis Alain?) d'Auzac de la Martinie[5] |
La Moscovite | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 1 | lieutenant; (Officer of the Legion d'Honneur[12]) born 30 Oct 1866 | |
Paul Haëntjens[3] |
Nell | ![]() |
Haëntjens' brother & Comte d'Havrincourt[13] | Unknown | 13 | Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant (3e dragons), winner of the Grand Prix de Paris[5] | |
Alfred Gardère[3][i] |
Canela | ![]() |
Oscar Heeren | Unknown | 17 | ||
Hermann Mandl[j] | Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | ||||
Constant van Langhendonck[5] | Roxanne | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 37 | Lieutenant in the 1st regiment of guides in 1902.[16] | |
Charles van Langhendonck[5][17] | Black Fly/Figaro | ![]() |
<rider> | DNF | 34/35 | Lieutenant in the 1st regiment of guides in 1902.[16] | |
Georges Kryn[5] | Master Kildare/Merry Mood | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 18/19 | Possibly an industrialist/diamond merchant in Antwerp prior to WW1, founded K&L works (munitions factory) in Letchworth during the war[18][19] | |
Eugène Poidebard[5] | Vaporisateur | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 29 | Eugène Antoine Marie Joseph Poidebard, sous-lieutenant (2e dragons); (Officer of the Legion d'Honneur[20]) | |
Hubert Dutech[5] | Touch me not | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 8 | Hubert Jean Félix Dutech, capitaine (17e chasseurs); Officer of the Legion d'Honneur;[21] Croix de guerre with palm; killed during WWI | |
André Moreau[k] |
Ludlow | ![]() |
Baron Carlo de Marchi | Unknown | 23 | ||
16 other competitors | |||||||
withdrew | Federico Caprilli[5] | Mélopo | ![]() |
Jean Demichelis | DNS | 5 | |
Federico Caprilli[5] | Montebello | ![]() |
Jean Demichelis | DNS | 6 | ||
Ferdinand Po[5] | Niniche | ![]() |
<rider> | DNS | 28 | ||
Federico Caprilli | Oreste | ![]() |
Paolo Malfatti | DNS[l] | 22 | ||
4 other competitors | |||||||
unknown[m] | Louis de Champsavin | Contrat | ![]() |
Dutilleul & Champsavin | Unknown | 9 | |
Napoléon Murat | Bayard | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 25 | ||
Henri Plocque | Genét | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 27 | ||
Louis d'Havrincourt | Dolly | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 14 | ||
Louis d'Havrincourt | Grisette | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 15 | ||
Gustave Dupertuis | Annie | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 7 | Gustave Albert Dupertuis, lieutenant with the 17th chasseurs | |
Guy de Cordon | Quartier Maître | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 4 | Comte Guy Marie Louis de Cordon, lieutenant with the 21th chasseurs, 23 July 1870–1944 | |
Carlo de Liocourt | Miss Puce | ![]() |
Vicomte Henri de Traversay[n] | Unknown | 33 | there was a Baron Carlo de Liocourt, maybe decended from the Grandjean de Bouzanville | |
Adrien Perret | Plantagenet | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 26 | possibly Adrien Auguste Perret, b. 10 March 1871 | |
Xavier Riant | Vive l'Armée! | ![]() |
Jean de Chaudenay & Xavier Riant | Unknown | 3 | possibly Xavier Jean Marie Didier Riant, b. 17 Jan 1872 | |
Georges Kryn | Master Kildare/Merry Mood | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 18/19 | ||
Georges Van Der Poële | Lorna Doon | ![]() |
George Santens | Unknown | 32 | ||
Charles van Langhendonck | Black Fly/Figaro | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 34/35 | ||
Élie de Polyakov | London | ![]() |
<rider> | Unknown | 30 |
- ^ Mentioned as the owner a couple of months later.
- ^ Olympedia has Eugène Charles Philippe Marie (went by Eugene), m. Marie Marguerite Amelot de Chaillou (1872), but most likely their son, Marie Joseph Jacques Victor Charles (b. 19 Jun 1874, d. 1932?[7]), m. Marie Valentine Louise Renée Prudhomme de la Perelle (m. 25 Nov 1901),[8] Legion of Honour[9][10] (also Béthune des Planques?[11])
- ^ That Jéhin rode Bistouri is presumed by de Wael, based on a belief that he owned the horse. In fact, Paul Lambert owned the horse and Jéhin was the rider.
- ^ De Wael notes that it is uncertain if Murat actually was the rider, but argues for it on the basis that Murat was the owner of Arcadius and is known to have ridden in other events. If it was Murat, it was more likely to be his nephew (see hacks and hunter below).
- ^ Wignolle in the official programme.
- ^ Possibly Marie Charles Henri Boula de Coulombiers, lieutenant with the 4e hussards. Official programme lists H. de Coulombiers.
- ^ Probably d'Auzac de la Martinie.
- ^ More likely to have been Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant with the 3e dragons.
- ^ Sources suggest Alfred Gardère not Dominique Gardères.[14][15]
- ^ Not finding any mention in contemporary sources; not listed in the official programme.
- ^ Rider possibly Georges Van Der Poële or André Moreau based on high jump; however, Moreau is listed in the official programme.
- ^ Among the 38 entrants listed in the official programme; assuming DNS.
- ^ Among the 38 entrants listed in the official programme.
- ^ Henri Auguste Marie Joseph Prévost-Sansac, vicomte de Traversay, b. 13 April 1961, d. 1910, age 49.[22]
- Official report has very limited details of the first 4; most sources detail them plus an additional 7 "flots de rubans" (rosette) winners; Mallon also lists Mandl
Rank | Rider | Nation | Horse | Owner | Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Napoléon Murat |
![]() |
The General | Princess J Murat | ![]() |
LNM: Prince; French Navy; Swedish Navy LNACM: Legion D'honneur; French Army (lieutenant), Russian Army (colonel); Orders of St Vladimir, Cross of St George |
![]() |
Victor Archenoul | ![]() |
Retournelle | Cout Henry de Robien | ![]() |
Director at the dressage school in Caen; Officer of the Order of Agricultural Merit[27][28] |
![]() |
Robert de Montesquiou | ![]() |
Grey Leg | ![]() |
Count de Montesquiou-Fézensac | |
4 | Paul Haëntjens |
![]() |
Mavourneen | Count Louis d'Havrincourt | MH: Son of Alphonse-Alfred Haentjens and Louise Magnan (1835–1893), daughter of Bernard Pierre Magnan;[29][30] death (2 Jun 1915);[31]; service[32] PH: lieutenant (3e dragons) | |
5–11 (ribbons) |
Maurice Jéhin[c] | ![]() |
Biscuit | |||
Auguste Roy | ![]() |
Reine de Saba | Charley? | |||
Louis de Champsavin | ![]() |
Terpsichore | ![]() |
lieutenant | ||
René de Quincey (draft) | ![]() |
Cy Beau | René Alfred Robert de Quincey, Legion d'Honneur?[33] | |||
Elvira Guerra | ![]() |
Libertin | ||||
Pierre Dillon[36] |
![]() |
Duc d'Aoste | lieutenant | |||
Georges de Lagarenne | ![]() |
Louqsor | Legion d'Honneur;[37] lieutenant-colonel in 1900, Général de Brigade commanding the 4th Cuirassiers in 1912;[38] Société de l'Étrier | |||
12–51 | Hermann Mandl[e] | ![]() |
Unknown | |||
Guy de Cordon | ![]() |
Unknown | Comte | |||
Mathieu Marie de Lesseps | ![]() |
Unknown | Legion d'Honneur;[39] sous-lieutenant, 5e régiment de hussards | |||
Élie de Polyakov | ![]() |
Unknown | ||||
Jane Moulin[36] | ![]() |
Unknown | ||||
Georges Van Der Poële | ![]() |
Unknown | ||||
Albert Wignolle |
![]() |
Unknown | ||||
(Pierre Marie Camille/Joseph Marie André?) La Forgue de Bellegarde[36][40] | ![]() |
Staag | Camille de La Forgue de Bellegarde | lieutenant de dragons; son of Camille de La Forgue de Bellegarde[36] | ||
(Maurice Adrien?) Foache[36][40] | Fils d'Artois | captain | ||||
(Pierre Louis?) Alaret[36] | Unknown | lieutenant | ||||
(Charles Marie Adrien?) Baveux[36] | Unknown | lieutenant | ||||
Blanche de Marcigny[36] | Unknown | |||||
Louis d'Havrincourt[40] | Bambocheur | count | ||||
de Croix[40] | Ronfleur | marquis | ||||
Up to 31 more competitors |
- ^ Could it actually have been his nephew, Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat? L'Acclimatation states "lieutenant au 14e régiment de hussards", which correlates with Almanach de Gotha 1900. Not finding evidence that LNM was ever with this regiment. LNACM was also a lieutenant, later Colonel (maybe general), in the Russian army.[23][24][25][26]
- ^ More likely to have been Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant in the 3e dragons.
- ^ Note: there is a similarly named Maurice Janin, French military officer.
- ^ Probably Pierre Étienne Dillon, son of fr:Arthur Dillon (1834-1922).[34][35]
- ^ Not finding any mention in contemporary sources.
- ^ Could this be Albert Wignolle?
- Official report just has the winner and distances; IOC list top 4, plus Ploque, van der Meulen & Visconti di Modrone; Mallon lists top 4, plus Mandl & Visconti, and disagrees with contemporary sources on rider & owner of Tolla
Rank | Rider | Nation | Horse | Distance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Constant van Langhendonck | ![]() |
Extra-Dry | 6.10 | |
![]() |
Gian Giorgio Trissino[a] | ![]() |
Oreste[b] | 5.70 | |
![]() |
Jacques de Prunelé[c] | ![]() |
Tolla[d] | 5.30 | lieutenant 19e dragons |
4 | Napoléon Murat |
![]() |
Bayard | 4.90 | |
5 & 6 | Henri Plocque | ![]() |
Camélia | Unknown | |
van der Meulen (Meylen) | ![]() |
The Wett | Unknown | ||
7–17 | Uberto Visconti di Modrone[f] | ![]() |
Jupe-en-l'Air | Unknown | |
Hermann Mandl[g] | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | ||
Vladimir Nikolayevich Orlov[g] | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | ||
Élie de Polyakov[f] | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | ||
6 unknown competitors | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | ||
Unknown competitor | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown |
- ^ Horse was due to be ridden by Federico Caprilli.
- ^ Horse owned by Paolo Malfetti.
- ^ Some sources (Mallon) identify Camille de La Forgue de Bellegarde as the bronze medal winner,[41][42] but he was possibly the owner of the horse (probably not though, since sources state de Loustal as the owner) rather than the rider (but if a de Bellegarde was the rider, it would more likely be his son, lieutenant de Bellegarde - see hacks and hunter above).
- ^ Horse owned by de Loustal (Mallon states de Prunelé as the owner).
- ^ More liekly to be his nephew (see hacks and hunter above).
- ^ a b Not finding any mention in contemporary sources other than LVAGA, where they are mentioned in an historical context in a report of the high jump.
- ^ a b Not finding any mention in contemporary sources.
- All owners listed in the official report, along with first three places.
Rank | Driver | Nation | Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Georges Nagelmackers (2) | ![]() |
![]() |
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, Orient Express |
![]() |
Léon Thome | ![]() |
![]() |
Legion d'Honneur, Order of Agricultural Merit |
![]() |
Jean de Neuflize | ![]() |
![]() |
4th Baron de Neuflize; banker; Legion d'Honneur |
4 | Philippe Vernes | ![]() |
![]() |
banker? |
5–31 | Étienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt (2)[a] | ![]() |
![]() |
3rd Baron van Zuylen van Nyevelt van de Haar; married into Rothchilds; ACF, FIA; Legion d'Honneur, Order of Leopold |
Olivier de La Mazelière[b] | ![]() |
Count Adolphe Olivier Pierre Marie Rous de La Mazelière | ||
Vladimir Nikolayevich Orlov | ![]() |
![]() |
Prince | |
Charles Eugène Amable de Veauce | ![]() |
![]() |
Baron de Veauce; father more likely to be notable (fr:Charles de Veauce) | |
Luis Antonio de Guadalmina (draft) | ![]() |
![]() |
2nd Marqués de Guadalmina; father more likely to be notable (es:Marquesado de Guadalmina) | |
Élie de Polyakov (Poliakoff) | ![]() |
![]() |
Son of Lazar Polyakov? (from german wiki, but not listed on russian wiki) | |
Octave Gallice | ![]() |
![]() |
Perrier-Jouët champagne | |
Jacques la Caze (2) | ![]() |
![]() |
Baron la Caze; politician | |
James Hennessy | ![]() |
![]() |
Politician, Hennessy cognac | |
Gaston Saint-Paul de Sinçay | ![]() |
![]() |
Industrialist; Vieille-Montagne; Legion d'Honneur | |
Adrien de Noailles | ![]() |
8th Duke of Noailles | ||
Jacques de Waru | ![]() |
son of Count Pierre de Waru; gold miner in South Africa; was befriended, along with his brother Gustave, by Marcel Proust, who was interested in photos of their aunt (Gustave was apparently the inspiration for the Marquis de Saint-Loup-en-Bray) | ||
Bertrand Chanu[c] | ![]() |
|||
Geoffroy d'Andigné | ![]() |
![]() |
Count d'Andigné; politician | |
Jacques d'Arlincourt | ![]() |
Count d'Arlincourt | ||
Georges Chaudoir | ![]() |
Engineer/industrialist, Officer of the Order of Leopold, d. 1923? [1][2][3]; there is also an artist (fr:Georges Chaudoir, 1890–1969) | ||
Louis du Douet de Graville (draft) | ![]() |
Count du Douet de Graville | ||
Max Guilleaume | ![]() |
Businessman, sportsman, Privy Councillor of Commerce; Felten & Guilleaume; committed suicide/accident[4] (de:Max von Guilleaume) [5],[6],[7] | ||
Paul Lambert | ![]() |
|||
Ferdinand de Lariboisière | ![]() |
![]() |
Count de Lariboisière; politician; Legion d'Honneur | |
Hermann Mandl | ![]() |
![]() |
Businessman, operating in China; Netherlands Consul; Order of the Crown (Prussia) [8]; art collector ([9],[10]) | |
Orban | ![]() |
![]() |
Unable to find anything without more of his name | |
Georges Pauwels | ![]() |
banker? director Million-Guiet (coachbuilders), d. 25 Sep 1911 (age 48) [11], [12] (p. 3)? | ||
Paul de Saint-Léger (draft) | ![]() |
![]() | ||
Georges de Zogheb (draft) | ![]() |
Viscount/count, banker; Société du Tombac |
- ^ One of Van Nyevelts coaches was driven by Count Olivier de La Mazelière.
- ^ Owned by Étienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt.
- ^ Only appears to be named as A Chanu.
- Official report details top 4 and heights; IOC adds Haëntjens; Mallon adds Mandl, and conflicts with contemporary sources regarding ownership of Ludlow & other Italian horses that were trained by Caprilli, but owned by others
- ^ Horse was due to be ridden by Federico Caprilli.
- ^ Sources do not agree on the rider.
- ^ More likely to have been Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant in the 3e dragons.
- ^ a b La France Militaire lists Durat, but this is likely a typo and should be Murat. Probably Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat (see hacks and hunter above).
- ^ a b Assumed Charles and Constant rode these horses based on entry list for the obstacle jumping.
- ^ Not finding any mention in contemporary sources.
- ^ Possibly Elie de Poliakoff.
Sources
[edit]- Reports
- Official report "II. – Jeux de Golf" pp. 77–90
Men's amateur championship
[edit]- Official report states 52 players (41 foreigners)
Rank | Player | Nation | Round 1 | Round 2 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Charles Sands | ![]() |
82 | 85 | 167 |
![]() |
Walter Rutherford | ![]() |
168 | ||
![]() |
David Robertson | ![]() |
175 | ||
4 | Frederick Taylor | ![]() |
182 | ||
5 | John Daunt | ![]() |
184 | ||
6 | George Thorne | ![]() |
185 | ||
7 | William Dove | ![]() |
186 | ||
8 | Albert Bond Lambert | ![]() |
94 | 95 | 189 |
9 | Arthur Lord | ![]() |
221 | ||
10 | Pierre Deschamps | ![]() |
231 | ||
11 | Alexandros Merkati | ![]() |
246 | ||
12 | J. Van de Wynckélé | ![]() |
252 | ||
DNS | Léon Legrand | ![]() |
– | ||
DNS | Huger Pratt | ![]() |
– | ||
DNS | Charles Voigt | ![]() |
– | ||
DNS | Arthur Lockwood | ![]() |
– | ||
DNS | Albert de Luze | ![]() |
– | ||
DNS | Thomas Marshall | ![]() |
– | ||
DNS | Baron de Foy | ![]() |
– |
Women's championship
[edit]- Official report states 19 players
Rank | Player | Nation | Score |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Margaret Abbott | ![]() |
47 |
![]() |
Pauline Whittier | ![]() |
49 |
![]() |
Abbie Pratt | ![]() |
53 |
4 | Jeanne Froment-Meurice | ![]() |
56 |
5 | Ellen Ridgway | ![]() |
57 |
6 | Madeleine Fournier-Sarlovèze | ![]() |
58 |
7= | Mary Abbott | ![]() |
65 |
Baroness Lucile de Fain | ![]() | ||
9 | Rose Gelbert | ![]() |
76 |
10 | Marie Brun | ![]() |
80 |
DNS | Alice van Bergen | ![]() |
– |
DNS | Princess Marie du Lucinge | ![]() |
– |
Men's handicap
[edit]- Official report states 38 players; newspaper reports state 24 entries; Olympedia has 19[47]
Rank | Player | Nation | Gross | H'cap | Nett |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Albert Bond Lambert[a] | ![]() |
83 | 10 | 73 |
2 | Pierre Deschamps | ![]() |
108 | 33 | 75 |
3 | Arthur Lord | ![]() |
103 | 23 | 80 |
4 | George Thorne[b] | ![]() |
91 | 11 | 80 |
5 | Mackenzie Turpie | ![]() |
87 | 7 | 80 |
6 | William Dove[b] | ![]() |
84 | 4 | 80 |
7 | Frederick Taylor | ![]() |
91 | 10 | 81 |
8= | Huger Pratt | ![]() |
97 | 15 | 82 |
8= | Charles Sands | ![]() |
85 | 3 | 82 |
10 | Héctor Beéche | ![]() |
101 | 18 | 83 |
11 | George Hetley | ![]() |
98 | 14 | 84 |
12 | Alexandros Merkati | ![]() |
108 | 23 | 85 |
13 | Walter Rutherford | ![]() |
84 | +2 | 86 |
14= | E. H. Robinson | ![]() |
96 | 8 | 88 |
14= | Francis Brewster | ![]() |
96 | 8 | 88 |
14= | John Daunt | ![]() |
93 | 5 | 88 |
14= | Edward Digby | ![]() |
103 | 15 | 88 |
18 | Hamilton Markes | ![]() |
105 | 15 | 90 |
19 | Léon Legrand | ![]() |
106 | 14 | 92 |
Men's professional
[edit]Rank | Player | Nation | Round 1 | Round 2 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chevalier | ![]() |
87 | 83 | 170 |
2 | Frank Phillips | ![]() |
92 | 93 | 185 |
References
[edit]- ^ "Concours Hippique". L'Écho de Paris (in French). 31 May 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
- ^ "L'Hippique; Au concours international". Le Journal (in French). 30 May 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
- ^ a b c d e f "Le Concours Hippique". Journal des Sports (in French). 30 May 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
- ^ "Haegeman". Le Figaro (in French). 26 August 1902. p. 4. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Le Concours Hippique; Journee du 29 Mai". La France Militaire (in French). 30 May 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
- ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/223660
- ^ https://man8rove.com/fr/profile/tpg8k0b4t-charles-de-bethune
- ^ Woelmont, Henry de (1923). Notices généalogiques (in French). pp. 123–124.
- ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/33363
- ^ https://www.maisondebethune.org/personnalites/
- ^ https://gw.geneanet.org/ffj?lang=en&pz=jonas&nz=faoro&p=marie+joseph+jacques+victor+charles&n=de+bethune+des+planques
- ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/12354
- ^ https://www.retronews.fr/journal/la-vie-au-grand-air/10-juin-1900/239/2764803/7
- ^ https://www.ladepeche.fr/2023/12/31/ca-bouleverse-toute-lhistoire-olympique-de-lequitation-un-champion-gersois-rehabilite-124-ans-apres-11668782.php
- ^ https://lejournaldugers.fr/article/72375-alfred-gardere-du-houga-unique-gersois-medaille-dor-olympique
- ^ a b "Constant et Charles Van Langhendonck". Le Figaro (in French). 26 August 1902. p. 4. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
- ^ a b "Concours International". La Vie au grand air (in French). No. 91. 10 June 1900. p. 510. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Gallica.
- ^ https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/english-garden-cities-introduction/english-garden-cities/
- ^ https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Ebenezer_Howard/x_PBEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22georges+kryn%22+%22raoul+lahy%22&pg=PA173&printsec=frontcover
- ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/302109
- ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/131477
- ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t54282652/f2.item.r=%22Henri%20de%20Traversay%22.zoom
- ^ "Des Napoléons dans la grande guerre". Fondation Napoléon. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dadiani/en/salome.html
- ^ https://ik-ptz.ru/lv/matematika/tuzemnaya-konnaya-diviziya-dikaya-diviziya.html
- ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3263685t/f2.item
- ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5842168/f3.item
- ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6475922b/f71.item
- ^ Les maréchaux de Napoléon III: leur famille et leur descendance By Joseph Valynseele and Jean Tulard (1980)
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