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Working Area for Group 82E, Dephosphorylation Article

Key Points

Importance of Dephosphorylation in Molecular Biology

In biochemistry and molecular biology, reversible covalent modification by phosphatases and kinases is central to regulation of enzyme activity and gene expression. The enzyme phosphatase works by removing a phosphate group through the hydrolytic process of dephosphorylation. And, while other reversible covalent protein modifications exist (acetylation-deacetylation, adenylylation-deadenylylation, uridylylation-deuridylylation, and methyl­ation-demethylation), the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation pair is the only one that catalyzes and synthesizes high-energy molecules for use elsewhere in the cell. Dephosphorylation is necessary for the proper function of most molecular switches and enzymes. Thus, the process of dephosphorylation is arguably the most important mechanism in molecular biology.

State of the Current Dephosphorylation Article

The dephosphorylation article is currently classified as a stub within the biochemistry category. The article provides a very brief (three sentence) explanation of dephosphorylation, but none of the information is linked to citations or references. Additionally, there is no activity on the talk page, indicating that there has not been productive interaction of Wikipedia editors prior to our group taking on the goal of improving the dephosphorylation page. To improve the quality of this article to good article status, we will need to expand the broadness of information provided about dephosphorylation, provide ample citations for that information, and add suitable images that add to the overall usefulness of the article.

Article Outline

I. Definition and Overview

II. Details of molecular mechanism

III. Dephosphorylation of ATP

IV. Desphosphorylation in Plants

V. Use of dephosphorylation in laboratory applications

Alternate Outline

1 History
2 Function

2.1 Post-translational modification

2.2 Dephosphorylation of ATP

2.3 Dephosphorylation in plants

3 Laboratory Applications
4 Other types
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

References

Procedures for Dephosphorylation. If we want to mention that dephosphorylation can be accomplished in the lab using alkaline phosphatase this could be a useful resource.

Bito, Haruhiko, Karl Deisseroth, and Richard W. Tsien. "CREB Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation: A Ca< sup> 2+-and Stimulus Duration–Dependent Switch for Hippocampal Gene Expression." Cell 87.7 (1996): 1203-1214.

Fuda, Nicholas J., et al. "Fcp1 Dephosphorylation of the RNA Polymerase II C-Terminal Domain Is Required for Efficient Transcription of Heat Shock Genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 32.17 (2012): 3428-3437.

Krebs, Edwin G., and Joseph A. Beavo. "Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of enzymes." Annual review of biochemistry 48.1 (1979): 923-959.

Song, Xiaoyuan, et al. "The nonhistone, N-terminal tail of an essential, chimeric H2A variant regulates mitotic H3-S10 dephosphorylation." Genes & Development 26.6 (2012): 615-629.

Strausfeld, U., et al. "Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein." (1991): 242-245.

Streets, Andrew J., et al. "Hyperphosphorylation of polycystin-2 at a critical residue in disease reveals an essential role for polycystin-1 mediated dephosphorylation." Human molecular genetics (2013).

VanHook, Annalisa M. "Dephosphorylation Drives Psuedopod Dynamics." Science Signalling 5.221 (2012): ec119.

Images

Phosphorylated Serine

Pubmed Citation Practice

With cancer treatments such as chemotherapy becoming more successful and leading to longer life expectancy for cancer patients, quality of post-cancer life, not just survival, must be considered in how therapy is pursued. By looking at variations in hormones relating to the ability to conceive, researchers have found that ovarian stimulation is modified in women undergoing ganadotoxic therapy.

Similarly, ovarian reserve before and after chemotherapy has also been looked at. The variation in a women's reserve as a function of chemotherapy treatment is tied to the levels of AMH, a hormone which must be of a certain level for ovulation to occur. As such, AMH levels are determined before starting ganadotoxic therapy.

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