User:Visviva/Newspaper archive

A newspaper archive is an archive that holds issues of newspapers or images of them. Because they provide a daily or weekly record of how events were perceived and reported at the time, newspaper archives are often essential tools for historical research. Newspaper archives within specific newspapers have sometimes been part of news libraries, although such libraries have also served other informational needs.

The earliest newspaper archives, such as Robert M. Budd's warehouse in New York City in the 19th century, consisted of paper copies only. In the course of the 20th century, newspaper archives became a fixture of many public libraries and museums, and many print newspapers were converted to microfilm or microfiche formats to ensure durable storage. In the late 20th and 21st centuries, digital newspaper archives arose, in which physical newspapers, or existing microfilm or microfiches, was converted into digital images. In many cases these digital newspaper archives also made the archives searchable for the first time, thanks to optical character recognition.

By medium

Print newspaper archives faced serious difficulties due to the quality of the paper and ink typically used. Microfilming of newspaper collections began in the 20th century following the development of suitable cameras by Eastman Kodak in 1933.

Large-scale digitization of newspaper archives, based either on microfilm copies or direct scans of originals, began in the 1990s and early 2000s with the establishment of Paper of Record in Canada in 1998 and ProQuest in the United States in 2001.

In Russia

In Russia, publications including newspapers were required to be deposited in the National Library of Russia beginning in 1810.

In South Korea

• https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201615048150106.pdf

In the United States

The earliest newspaper archives were those maintained by newspapers of their own content. The New York Herald began to maintain a clippings file of its own articles in 1860, followed by the Boston Herald in 1876 and the San Francisco Chronicle in 1879. By the 20th century it became routine for newspapers to retain full copies of their issues in bound volumes.

Recognition of the potential value of newspapers for historical research began to develop in late Victorian times, and university libraries began to preserve newspapers, as did local and state historical societies.

The Library of Congress had some newspaper holdings from its inception in 1801, and began to officially maintain a newspaper collection in 1874. In 1901 it held over 400 newspaper titles, although only some of these were retained in bound volumes; in 1947 it held 936.

See also

• List of newspaper archives

References

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