User:Venudxb/sandbox/Indian BESA Locomotives
'BESA locomotives are standard Steam locomotives, which were built at the beginning of the 20th Century in British Locomotive factories for the railways in British India. The name is derived from the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA).
History
[edit]With the expansion of the rail network in British India, the need for locomotives increased. The traditional British manufacturers could no longer meet the demand on the Indian subcontinent, so the railways began to place orders with German and American manufacturers. This led to protests in the British Parliament from the circles of the British locomotive factories, so that it was founded in 1901 British Engineering Standards Committee was asked to set up a subcommittee to limit the number of locomotive series used in British India. [1]
The directors of well-known locomotive factories were represented on the committee, including the Vulcan Foundry, the North British Locomotive Company, the Kitson & Company and from Beyer-Peacock - the companies had previously delivered locomotives to India. He presented the first standard in 1903, the 1905 eine überarbeitet Version folgte. In dieser Norm wurden die Entwürfe der beiden broad gauge Locomotive series SP and SG, as well as the three series of Meter gauge locomotives with Tug tender fixed. In a second revised version of the standard, which appeared in February 1907, the designs for the series were also published AP, HB, HG and and PT added. The heavy freight locomotive HG was proposed in variants A and B, which differed by the coupling wheel diameter.
In March 1910 the third and last norm appeared. She proposed the meter gauge tank locomotive T for the existing series. The never built variant A of the HG series has been removed from the standard. The SP and SG series were adapted so that the larger standard boiler used for the first time in the PT tank locomotive could be used. For all locomotives and tractors, the Suction air brake was also proposed, supplemented by a Handbrake on the tractor.[4]
The series HT was the last BEA locomotive. It was similar to locomotives that were sold to the in 1921 Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR) were supplied, using parts from older BESA locomotives.
The series HT had the same cylinder dimensions as the freight train hot steam locomotives HGS and HGC, the Standing kettle was from the Tender locomotive PT taken over.
From 1928, the BESA series were created by the series of the Indian Railway Standards (IRS) replaced. They were more efficient and in particular had larger rust areas that were suitable for operation with inferior Indian coal.
Im Ausschuss waren die Direktoren namhafter Lokomotivfabriken vertreten, darunter der Vulcan Foundry, der North British Locomotive Company, der Kitson & Company[2] und von Beyer-Peacock – die Firmen hatten bereits zuvor Lokomotiven nach Indien geliefert.[3] Er legte 1903 die erste Norm vor, der 1905 eine überarbeitet Version folgte. In dieser Norm wurden die Entwürfe der beiden breitspurigen Lokomotivbaureihen SP und SG, sowie der drei Baureihen von Meterspurlokomotiven mit Schlepptender festgelegt. In einer zweiten überarbeiteten Version der Norm, die im Februar 1907 erschien, wurden zusätzlich die Entwürfe für die Baureihen AP, HP, HG und PT aufgenommen. Die schwere Güterzuglokomotive HG wurde in den Varianten A und B vorgeschlagen, die sich durch den Kuppelraddurchmesser unterschieden.
Im März 1910 erschien die dritte und letzte Norm. Sie schlug zu den bestehenden Baureihen die Meterspur-Tenderlokomotive T vor. Die nie gebaute Variante A der Baureihe HG wurde aus der Norm entfernt. Die Baureihen SP und SG wurden so angepasst, dass der bei der Tenderlokomotive PT erstmals verwendete größere Standardkessel verwendet werden konnte. Weiter wurde für alle Lokomotiven und Schlepptender die Saugluftbremse vorgeschlagen, ergänzt durch eine Handbremse auf dem Schlepptender.[4]
Die Baureihe HT kam als letzte BEA-Lokomotive hinzu.[5] Sie war ähnlich zu Lokomotiven, die 1921 an die Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR) geliefert wurden, die Teile von älteren BESA-Lokomotiven verwendeten.[6] Die Baureihe HT hatte die gleichen Zylinderabmessungen wie die Güterzug-Heißdampflokomotiven HGS und HGC, der Stehkessel wurde von der Tenderlokomotive PT übernommen.[7]
Ab 1928 wurden die BESA-Baureihen durch die Baureihen des Indian Railway Standards (IRS) abgelöst.[8] Sie waren leistungsfähiger und hatten im Besonderen größere Rostflächen, die für den Betrieb mit minderwertigeren indischer Kohle geeignet waren.
BESA Series
[edit]All series were originally two-cylinder wet steam engines. From 1912, superheated steam variants were built, which were added to the series designation by the abbreviation S For superheated. Locomotives converted to superheated steam from the wet steam variant were given the abbreviation C For converted. The hot steam variant HGS and the converted variant HGC became the wet steam freight locomotive. The names are sometimes written with a split line as HG / S and HG / C.
Alle Baureihen waren ursprünglich Zweizylinder-Nassdampfmaschinen. Ab 1912 wurden Heißdampfvarianten gebaut, die durch das an die Baureihenbezeichnung angehängte Kürzel S für superheated („überhitzt“) gekennzeichnet wurden. Aus der Nassdampfvariante auf Heißdampf umgebaute Lokomotiven erhielten das Kürzel C für converted („umgebaut“). So wurde aus der Nassdampf-Güterzuglokomotive die Heißdampfvariante HGS und die umgebaute Variante HGC. Die Bezeichnungen werden manchmal auch mit einem Geteiltstrich als HG/S und HG/C geschrieben.
Class | Description | Wheel Arrangement | Coupling wheel diameter | Axle load | Weight | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP | Standard Passenger | 4-4-0 | 74 in (1800 mm) | 16,5 t | 92 t | ![]() |
SG | Standard Goods | 0-6-0 | 61 in (1676 mm) | 16,5 t | 89 t | ![]() |
PT | Passenger Tank | 2-6-4T | 61 in (1676 mm) | 15 t | 77 t | ![]() |
HP | Heavy Passenger | 4-6-0 | 74 in (1880 mm) | 16,8 t | 107 t | ![]() |
AP | Atlantic Passenger | 4-4-2 | 78 in (1980 mm) | 17,5 t | 106 t | ![]() |
HG 1)Variant A | Heavy Goods | 2-8-0 | 61 ½ in (1560 mm) | 16,3 t | 119 t | ![]() |
HG
Variant B |
Heavy Goods | 2-8-0 | 56 in (1435 mm) | 15,7 t | 117 t | ![]() |
HT | Heavy Tank | 2-8-2T | 51 in (1295 mm) | 17,3 t | 92 t | ![]() |
1) the second variant of the HG with the larger coupling wheels was not built
Class | Description | Wheel Arrangement | Coupling wheel diameter | Axle load | Weight | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | Passenger | 4-6-0 | 57 in (1450 mm) | 8,7 t | 34,5 t + Tender | ![]() |
M | Mixed | 4-6-0 | 48 in (1220 mm) | 8,7 t | 33,5 t + Tender | ![]() |
G | Goods | 4-8-0 | 43 in (1090 mm) | 8 t | 40,6 t + Tender | ![]() |
T | Tank | 2-6-2T | 43 in (1090 mm) | 9,3 t | 43,7 t | ![]() |
Literatur
[edit]- Leslie S. Robertson (1905-11), British Standards Institution (ed.), Report of the Locomotive committee on standard locomotives for Indian railways (in German) (2. überarbeitete ed.), London
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(help) - Leslie S. Robertson (1907-02), British Standards Institution (ed.), Second report of the Locomotive committee on standard locomotives for Indian railways (in German), London
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Refeerences
[edit]- ^ R. R. Bhandari. "Steam in History". Indian Steam Railway Society. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
- ^ Second report of the Locomotive committee on standard locomotives for Indian railways. (in German), London, 1907, retrieved 2020-09-02
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: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Jan Shearsmith (2017-09-21). "Pakistan Railways Engine No. S/PS 3157". Science and Industry Blog. Science and Industry Museum Manchester. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
- ^ [[1], p. 275, at Google Books "Third report of the Locomotive Committee on Standard Locomotives for Indian railways"], Indian Industries and Power (in German), p. 275, 1910-03, retrieved 2020-08-31
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(help) - ^ "History of Steam: Broad Gauge". Indian Steam Railway Society. Archived from the original on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
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(help) - ^ Colin Alexander, Alon Siton (2018-05-15), The North British Locomotive Company (in German), Amberley Publishing Limited, ISBN 978-1-4456-7429-2, retrieved 2020-09-02
- ^ J.D.H. Smith. "B.E.S.A. steam locomotives". Standard steam locomotives. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
- ^ "British Designs (1905 -1928)". Development of Steam Locomotive Designs in Railways in India. Heritage Directorate, Indian Railways. 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2020-09-03.