User:Unitacx/sandbox

A formula restaurant is a sub-category of a formula retail business. It is characterised as: A restaurant regulated by contractual or other arrangement to offer standardized menus, ingredients, food preparation, interior/exterior design and/or uniforms Formula Retail: A type of retail sales activity which is required by contractual or other arrangement to offer standardized array of services and/or merchandise, trademark, interior/exterior design and/or uniforms.^[1]

References

for Drund driving in the United States

Lorum ipsum.

FST criticisms

Investigation and arrest

A drunk driving charge is a type of police arrest process, so a basic understanding of the process of police engagement is essential to understanding how that process applies to that process as applied to a drunk driving charge.

Bicycling

This is text.^{[nb 1]}

Effect of due process

Confession

Exclusionary rule

"HGN first"

?? This is consistent with the NHTSA's statements that use of SFSTs as probable cause evidence should not be stated //REFERENCE.

Field Sobriety Test Refusals

(text)

In all US jurisdictions, participation in a Field Sobriety Test is voluntary.^[4]. (Police are not obliged to advise the suspect that participation in a FST or other pre-arrest procedures is voluntary. In contrast, formal evidentiary tests given under implied consent requirements are considered mandatory.)^[5]

A suspect requested to participate in a Field Sobriety Test is likely to be told that the purpose is to determine whether the suspect is impaired;^[6]^[7] however, FST tests are widely regarded having, as their primary purpose, gaining tangible evidence for use against the suspect.^[8]^[9] The evidence is important in the establishment of probable cause for arrest. Since probable cause is necessary under US law (4th Amendment) to sustain an arrest and invocation of the implied consent law, it is important that the police document probable cause.

Notes

^ It should be noted that cycling while impaired significantly increases the risk of injury and fatal accidents. One source gives a 20x (2000%) increased risk from cycling impaired.^[2]^[3] Since cycling involves learned reactions, the cyclist should consider strategies of remaining clear of traffic.

References

^ [1]Town of Jaffrey Planning Board Proposed Zoning Changes Summary], Public Hearing January 22, 2018, Town of Jaffrey, New Hampshire
^ Baker SP, Li G, Fowler C, Dannenberg AL. Injuries to Bicyclists: A National Perspective. Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins Injury Prevention Center; 1993.
^ Use of Alcohol as a Risk Factor for Bicycling Injury JAMA. 2001;285(7):893-896. doi:10.1001/jama.285.7.893
^ DUI: Refusal to Take a Field Test, or Blood, Breath or Urine Test, NOLO Press ("As a general rule (and unlike chemical testing), there is no legal penalty for refusing to take these tests although the arresting officer can typically testify as to your refusal in court.")
^ Cite error: The named reference nolo_ref was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Instructor Guide - DWI Detection and SFST Refresher, NHTSA (rev. 10/2015)
^ Standardized Field Sobriety Test, AAA (US) "DUI Justice Link"
^ Field Sobriety Tests, findlaw.com
^ accord, p. 29 Field Sobriety Tests Review, Idaho Prosecuting Attorneys Association (2015)

[4] It should be noted that cycling while impaired significantly increases the risk of injury and fatal accidents. One source gives a 20x (2000%) increased risk from cycling impaired.^[2]^[3] Since cycling involves learned reactions, the cyclist should consider strategies of remaining clear of traffic.

[jaffrey_NH-1] [1]Town of Jaffrey Planning Board Proposed Zoning Changes Summary], Public Hearing January 22, 2018, Town of Jaffrey, New Hampshire

[2] Baker SP, Li G, Fowler C, Dannenberg AL. Injuries to Bicyclists: A National Perspective. Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins Injury Prevention Center; 1993.

[3] Use of Alcohol as a Risk Factor for Bicycling Injury JAMA. 2001;285(7):893-896. doi:10.1001/jama.285.7.893

[nolo_ref-long-5] DUI: Refusal to Take a Field Test, or Blood, Breath or Urine Test, NOLO Press ("As a general rule (and unlike chemical testing), there is no legal penalty for refusing to take these tests although the arresting officer can typically testify as to your refusal in court.")

[nolo_ref-6] Cite error: The named reference nolo_ref was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[NHTSA_refresher-7] Instructor Guide - DWI Detection and SFST Refresher, NHTSA (rev. 10/2015)

[8] Standardized Field Sobriety Test, AAA (US) "DUI Justice Link"

[findlawFST-9] Field Sobriety Tests, findlaw.com

[idahoman-10] accord, p. 29 Field Sobriety Tests Review, Idaho Prosecuting Attorneys Association (2015)

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