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    TAI OPERA OR JENG TAI FESTIVAL

Tai Opera, also known as (Jeng Tai), which means ”Tai History." This unique form of performance art belongs to the Tai Nation (also called Northern Tai or Tai Nuea) in Yunnan, China. Like the famous Chinese Peking Opera, Tai Opera incorporates acting, singing, and dancing. However, it stands out with its distinct dance style, use of local scriptures, and folk songs rooted in the vibrant Tai culture. Originating in Yingjiang, this tradition has spread to areas like Mangshi, Ruili, and even northern Myanmar in Kachin state.

    THE HISTORY OF DAI OPERA
Tai Opera tells stories about the ancient past, including historical events and Tai people's legendary tales. It is performed during various ceremonies, but most notably at the *Poy Leng Si Festival*, celebrated in the *fourth month* of the Tai calendar (February). This time of the year is special because families have completed their agricultural work and come together to celebrate. During Poy Leng Si, people visit relatives with gifts, pay respect to elders, and spend three joyful days without working. The opera plays a significant role in bringing communities together during this festival.

    SONGS AND INSTRUMENTS IN DAI OPERA
 In Tai Opera, the songs are inspired by daily life and emotions, with performers often creating lyrics on the spot. There are about 20 types of Tai folk songs, such as

• Kham Jeng*(cmr;qKi;), *Kham Houe*(cmr;[K;),

and *Kham Mak*(cmr;rmub ), which are used in different cultural practices. In Tai traditions, songs like *Kham Mak Mao Sao* are sung during courtship, where young men and women express their feelings and challenge each other lyrically. However, in Tai Opera, * Kham Jeng * is most commonly used, focusing on themes like love, hate, bravery, war, and emotional strength. These songs are performed with traditional instruments, including the * Gong Mong * (a drum for the main rhythm), *Sham* (cymbals for dramatic effects), and *Mung* (small and large gongs which are enhance the mood), creating a powerful blend of narrative and music. Gongs

cymbals Drum

    A CULTURAL HERITAGE

Tai Opera is more than entertainment; it’s a cultural legacy. With a history spanning over 100 years, it was officially recognized as a * national intangible cultural heritage * in 2006. In the Dehong Tai and Jingpo Autonomous Pre- fecture, as well as Tai settlements in Baoshan City in China, the opera continues to be a symbol of cultural identity and pride.

    PREPARING FOR THE FESTIVAL
 In my village, preparing for the * Tai Opera Festival * is a significant event. Performers wear traditional costumes and gather at the * village spirit shrine * to pay homage before starting the festivities. They promise the guardian spirit that they will perform until the story is completed, whether it takes five or seven days. Performances are held in the afternoons and evenings, and each day ends with a communal meal for everyone involved. At the festival’s conclusion, the performers return to the shrine to give thanks.

    THE PURPOSE AND CHALLENGES OF DAI OPERA
The primary goal of Tai Opera is to preserve the culture and pass it on to future generations. Despite its beauty and importance, young people today

are less familiar with or interested in this art form. The performers and enthusiasts are mostly elderly, making the task of preserving this tradition increasingly difficult. However, we must continue to promote and support Tai Opera to ensure it thrives for generations to come.

    CONCLUSION
 In conclusion, Tai Opera is not just a performance; it is a celebration of history, culture, and identity. It brings people together, teaches us the values of love and respect, and reminds us of the importance of preserving our heritage. I hope this presentation has inspired you to learn more about this incredible tradition and appreciate its significance.