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  • Add from Federation, Confederation
  • Define sovereign (eg. Canada) vs not (eg. French Indochina)
  • Define devolved (powers can be retracted?; eg. RSA), federation (can’t be but can’t leave?; eg. Canada), confederation (can’t be and can leave?; eg. EU)
  • South Africa? E Germany until 1952

Pointers!!:

Current sovereign federations

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Federated to aid colonial governance

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Fed. Sov. Name Reason
1901 1931  Australia
1867 1931  Canada Three British colonies joined to counter American influence.
1957 1963  Malaysia
1882 1983  Saint Kitts and Nevis

Federated to calm internal tensions

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Federated upon colonial independence

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Fed. Sov. Name Reason
1947 1947  India
1947 1947  Pakistan

Federated upon revolution

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Fed. Sov. Common name Reason
1917 1991  Russia Former parts of the Russian Empire joined under "socialist federalism".
1789 1776  United States Thirteen British colonies joined in revolt against the United Kingdom.

Unsorted

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wiki says Fed. Sov. Common name Previously Reason
1853 1816  Argentina Spanish…
1949 1955  Germany
1824 1821  Mexico Spanish…
1848 1815   Switzerland
1863  Venezuela Spanish…
1889  Brazil Portuguese…
1960[1]  Nigeria British…
1971  United Arab Emirates British…
1975  Comoros French…
1979  Micronesia American…
1920  Austria
1993  Belgium
1995  Bosnia and Herzegovina
1995  Ethiopia
2005  Iraq
2011  South Sudan
2012  Somalia
2015    Nepal

Notable former sovereign federations

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  Also a federation

As compromise to internal division

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From Until Common name Previously Fate
2005 2011  Sudan Became a unitary state after the independence of South Sudan

Superseded another federation

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From Until Common name Previously Fate
1871 1918 German Empire German Empire North German Confederation Superseded by the Weimar Republic
1919 1933 Weimar Republic Weimar Republic German Empire Superseded by Nazi Germany
1934 1938  Federal State of Austria Republic of Austria Superseded by Nazi Germany

Upon colonial independence

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From Until Common name Previously Fate
1951 1963 Kingdom of Libya United Kingdom of Libya Italian… Became a unitary state
1957 1963 Malaya British… Superseded by Malaysia
1960 1964 Congo-Léopoldville Belgian… Became a unitary state
1961 1972 Cameroon French… Became a unitary state

Unsorted

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From Until Name Previously Fate
1867 1871 North German Confederation North German Confederation Superseded by the German Empire
1867 1918 Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Dissolved
1919 1934 Austria Republic of Austria German-Austria Superseded by the Federal State of Austria
1922 1991  Soviet Union Superseded by Russia

Yet to go through

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Some of the proclaimed Arab federations were confederations de facto.

American states

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Eastern European states

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Notes

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  1. ^ As the Federation of Nigeria; republic declared in 1963
  2. ^ Became Czech and Slovak Federative Republic through a constitutional change in 1990.