User:Tomeijam/Health communication
Health communication is the study and practice of communicating promotional health information, such as in public health campaigns, health education, and between doctor and patient. The purpose of disseminating health information is to influence personal health choices by improving health literacy. Health communication is a unique niche in healthcare that allows professionals to use communication strategies to inform and influence decisions and actions of the public to improve health.
Because effective health communication must be tailored for the audience and the situation, research into health communication seeks to refine communication strategies to inform people about ways to enhance health or to avoid specific health risks. Academically, health communication is a discipline within communication studies. The field of health communication has been growing and evolving in recent years. The field plays a role in health advancement with patients and medical professionals. Research shows health communication helps with behavioral change[1] in humans and conveys specific policies with practices that can serve as an alternative to certain unhealthy behaviors. The health communication field is considered more a multidisciplinary field of research theory[2] to encourage actions, practices, and evidence that contribute to improving the healthcare field. The use of various skills and techniques to enhance change among patients and many others and focus on behavioral and social changes.to improve the public health outcome.[2]
Health communication may variously seek to:
- increase audience knowledge and awareness of a health issue
- influence behaviors and attitudes toward a health issue
- demonstrate healthy practices
- demonstrate the benefits of behavior changes to public health outcomes
- advocate a position on a health issue or policy
- increase demand or support for health services
- argue against misconceptions about health
- improve patient-provider dialogue
- enhance effectiveness in health care teams
Campaign
[edit]A health campaign is an organization to change certain behaviors or show a different point of view on something in to persuade someone. Research shows how campaigns have effectively encouraged people to change an unhealthy health behavior[3] that can potentially worsen their health. Health communication has been utilized to help address health conditions or habits contributing to adverse fatality-related effects. The Mediated campaign is the use of media to communicate with a broad audience and impart Knowledge or convince people of a particular point of view based on research that has contributed to the success of the behavior change campaign.[3] A vast media campaign that includes bus signs, panel street signs, radio ads, television ads, and other advertisements with the primary objective of showing people a sign that includes the specific recommendation on fruit and vegetable consumption.[4] Another method that was employed was calling random numbers to find out people's opinions regarding a balanced diet and regular exercise. "The percentage of respondents who considered walking to be very important increased."[4] The recall's findings indicate that people's attitudes regarding walking and the eating of fruits and vegetables were generally more positive. The media has enhanced the campaign's attitude toward these two fundamental health-related behavioral changes. The results support that using media coverage can promote campaigns for healthy lifestyles.
The prevention of cigarette Smoking
[edit]Cigarette prevention programs have been provided to students from grades 6 to 8, which decreases student smoking at grade school.[5] The study found that there was a long-term effect when smoking prevention was combined with other factors in a particular channel that influenced the youth. However, the effects of smoking prevention varied. The Study's findings indicate that programs are implemented more effectively when they target youth through the media. The study involved two groups of students: one group received extensive media production through the school program, while the other only received the program for four years. The purpose of the program was to change the smoking behavior of the participants by emphasizing the benefits of quitting smoking, precisely the skill for refusing cigarettes and the perception for people their age not to smoke".[5] A survey of the students was done at the end of the year, and it had a lasting effect on their perception of smoking. Furthermore, research demonstrates that widespread anti-tobacco media efforts in conjunction with other anti-tobacco control measures are associated with a decrease in smoking rates as well as an increase in the rate of smoking cessation.[6] The study reveals, the prevalence of smokers in the United States has declined over the past 40 years.[6] The media campaign focuses on the success of smoking reduction. The campaign promotes the idea that people who are "exposed to the message have the motivation to seek additional information for quitting"[6] and offers people who are attempting to quit the chance to be able to sustain self-restrain from smoking.[6]
Types of interpersonal health communication model
[edit]Patient-centered model
[edit]The Patient-centered Model focuses on the patient's understanding from the patient perspective.[7] Healthcare professionals pay close attention to patients' worries, feelings, and opinions. In the patient care-centered model, given that the patient participates in developing, planning, and overseeing their care, the healthcare provider views them as team members.[8] It also shows how the healthcare team views the patient as a fellow member who can be helped to achieve a specific objective with a clear vision by exchanging information.
As patient-centered communication and connection are essential, interruptions in health communication are researched. Healthcare professionals are given guidelines to adhere to since interruptions could render the patient-centered model less effective. Research shows when a patient and a healthcare provider are conversing about care, the patient takes about two to three minutes[7] to express what they want to talk about, especially when the provider asks a question that requires them to be clear and detailed (Naughton). The healthcare provider interrupts what the patient is saying after about 23 seconds on average.[7] A study differentiated between interruptions that are cooperative and disruptive.[9] It implies that interruptions don't necessarily have to be intrusive they can also be cooperative, which means that the interruptions can be constitutive and, thus, can result in a continuance of the conversion process, In the study 84 natural interactions between the physicians and Patient[9] the primary goal of classifying the interruption as cooperative or intrusive was conducted. The results show that 82.9% of 2,405 interruptions were cooperative instead of intrusive.[9] Overall, the patient-centered model seeks to minimize disruptions in general. Offering medical professionals training programs based on the patient-centered model of health communication demonstrates the emphasis on interruption, with the main practice suggestion being that physicians should avoid interrupting the patient early in the interview.[10]
Relationship centered model
[edit]Relationship-centered care is characterized by the contributions of teamwork and understanding made between the patients and the physicians and their respective perceptions of the value of their relationships. The patient-medical professional relationship continues to be crucial. For the patient to obtain relationship-based assistance, the clinical provider should involve the patient, family members, and other clinicians when making decisions under the relationship-centered care paradigm.[11] While a relationship-based center developed to comprehend the patient, the relationship care center's methodology begins with implementing a patient care center that centralizes the patient.[11] Relationship care encourages medical professionals to empathize with the patient. Relationship-centered care focuses more on empathizing with the patient due to their ability to Express their emotion.[12] When the patient expresses their emotion, it helps both ways in terms of the health professional understanding the patient and serving the patient's needs.[12] In the cognitive domain, medical professionals concentrate on the idea of the relationship center and emphasize providing medical information as well as patient education. Care involves mutual trust, respect, and acceptance in the emotional domain.[13]
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[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Egelhofer, Marc (2007-09). "Health Communication: From Theory to Practice. By Renata Schiavo". Biotechnology Journal. 2 (9): 1186–1186. doi:10.1002/biot.200790098. ISSN 1860-6768.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Egelhofer, Marc (2007-09). "Health Communication: From Theory to Practice. By Renata Schiavo". Biotechnology Journal. 2 (9): 1186–1186. doi:10.1002/biot.200790098. ISSN 1860-6768.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Snyder, Leslie B. (2007-03). "Health Communication Campaigns and Their Impact on Behavior". Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 39 (2): S32–S40. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2006.09.004. ISSN 1499-4046.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Beaudoin, Christopher E.; Fernandez, Carolyn; Wall, Jerry L.; Farley, Thomas A. (2007). "Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 32 (3): 217–223. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.002. ISSN 0749-3797.
- ^ a b Hornik, Robert, ed. (2002-01-01). "Public Health Communication". doi:10.4324/9781410603029.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Niederdeppe, Jeff; Kuang, Xiaodong; Crock, Brittney; Skelton, Ashley (2008-11). "Media campaigns to promote smoking cessation among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations: What do we know, what do we need to learn, and what should we do now?". Social Science & Medicine. 67 (9): 1343–1355. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.06.037. ISSN 0277-9536.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c Naughton, Cynthia (2018-02-13). "Patient-Centered Communication". Pharmacy. 6 (1): 18. doi:10.3390/pharmacy6010018. ISSN 2226-4787.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Frezza, Eldo E. (2019-08-22), "Patient-Centered Care", Patient-Centered Healthcare, Boca Raton : Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2020.: Productivity Press, pp. 3–9, ISBN 978-0-429-03222-6, retrieved 2023-12-14
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b c Plug, Ilona; van Dulmen, Sandra; Stommel, Wyke; olde Hartman, Tim C.; Das, Enny (2022). "Physicians' and Patients' Interruptions in Clinical Practice: A Quantitative Analysis". The Annals of Family Medicine. 20 (5): 423–429. doi:10.1370/afm.2846. ISSN 1544-1709. PMC 9512556. PMID 36228066.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Hashim, M. Jawad (2017-01-01). "Patient-Centered Communication: Basic Skills". American Family Physician. 95 (1): 29–34.
- ^ a b Nundy, Shantanu; Oswald, John (2014). "Relationship-centered care: A new paradigm for population health management". Healthcare. 2 (4): 216–219. doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2014.09.003. ISSN 2213-0764.
- ^ a b Beach, Mary Catherine; Inui, Thomas (2006). "Relationship-centered Care. A Constructive Reframing". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 21 (S1): S3–S8. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00302.x. ISSN 0884-8734.
- ^ Kelley, John M.; Kraft-Todd, Gordon; Schapira, Lidia; Kossowsky, Joe; Riess, Helen (2014-04-09). Timmer, Antje (ed.). "The Influence of the Patient-Clinician Relationship on Healthcare Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". PLoS ONE. 9 (4): e94207. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094207. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3981763. PMID 24718585.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)