User:The man from Gianyar/Ali Sastroamidjojo II

Mr. Raden Ali Sastroamidjojo
Official portrait, c. 1950
7th Chairman of the Indonesian National Party
In office 29 July 1960 – 27 April 1966
Preceded by	Suwiryo
Succeeded by	Osa Maliki
Prime Minister of Indonesia
In office 24 March 1956 – 9 April 1957
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	Burhanuddin Harahap
Succeeded by	Djuanda Kartawidjaja
In office 30 July 1953 – 11 August 1955
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	Wilopo
Succeeded by	Burhanuddin Harahap
Ministerial posts 9th Minister of Defense In office 24 March 1956 – 9 April 1957 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Burhanuddin Harahap Succeeded by Djuanda Kartawidjaja 5th Minister of Education and Culture In office 3 July 1947 – 4 August 1949 Prime Minister Amir Sjarifuddin (1947–1948) Mohammad Hatta (1948–1949) Preceded by Soewandi Succeeded by Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro Deputy Minister of Information In office 19 August 1945 – 14 November 1945 Minister Amir Sjarifuddin Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Office abolished
Diplomatic posts 3rd Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations In office 1957–1960 Preceded by Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro Succeeded by Soekardjo Wirjopranoto 1st Indonesian Ambassador to Canada In office 1953–1954 Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Usman Sastroamidjojo 1st Indonesian Ambassador to the United States In office 20 February 1950 – 27 February 1953 Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Moekarto Notowidigdo
Personal details
Born	Ali Sastroamidjojo (1903-05-21)21 May 1903 Grabag, Dutch East Indies
Died	13 March 1975(1975-03-13) (aged 71) Jakarta, Indonesia
Resting place	Kalibata Heroes Cemetery
Political party	Indonesian National Party
Spouse	Titi Roelia ​ (m. 1922)​
Children	4
Relatives	Ali Wardhana (Nephew)
Alma mater	Leiden University (Mr.)
Occupation	Politician diplomat
Signature

Ali Sastroamidjojo (EYD: Ali Sastroamijoyo; 21 May 1903 – 13 March 1975) was an Indonesian politician and diplomat who served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1953 until 1955 and again from 1956 until 1957. A member of the Indonesian National Party, he also served as the party's chairman from 1960 until his ousting in 1966. Additionally, he served as Indonesia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1957 until 1960 and was Indonesia's first ambassador to the United States and Canada during the 1950's. Originating from an aristocratic family in Grabag, Purworejo, Ali attended Leiden University, and graduated with a Meester in de Rechten (Master of Laws) degree in 1927. After graduating, he was briefly imprisoned for six months by Dutch authorities before being acquitted and released in 1928. Following his release, he established a law office and became a member of future-president Sukarno's Indonesian National Party (PNI), which advocated for Indonesian political independence.

When the PNI was dissolved following the arrest of its leaders, Ali joined the Partindo and later Gerindo political parties. Following the end of World War II, Ali resumed his political activities, becoming Deputy Minister of Information in the Presidential Cabinet. During the national revolution, he served as Minister of Education and Culture and was a member of the Indonesian delegation to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference in 1949. After the end of the national revolution, he became Indonesia's first ambassador to the United States and later Canada. In 1953, he was chosen as the formateur of a new cabinet following the dissolution of the Wilopo Cabinet. After several weeks of bargaining, Ali managed to form a cabinet, with support from the Nahdlatul Ulama. As Prime Minister, his government sponsored the Bandung Conference and abrogated the Netherlands-Indonesian Union. His cabinet was dogged by corruption scandals and regional rebellions, and it eventually fell after the army refused to accept his nominee for its chief of staff. He was succeeded as prime minister by Burhanuddin Harahap, who effectively formed a caretaker government.

Early life and career

Ali Sastroamidjojo was born on 21 May 1903, in Grabag, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He was born to an aristocratic family from Magelang, and was the eleventh child of twelve children. His father, Raden Ngabehi Sastroamidjojo, was a local government official in Jetis, Temanggung. His mother, Kustiah, was an aristocrat who was a relative of the regent of Magelang. Ali spent his most of his childhood in the local town, playing with his friends from peasant families. In hoping to find a more proper environment for raising their children, Ali's parents moved to the city, where Ali was sent to receive a European education. He enrolled into a Europeesche Lagere School (ELS), however he only lasted a year there due to bullying. His father then requested that Ali be transferred to another class, but the request was rejected by the school on the grounds that Ali couldn't speak Dutch very well. Ali was later transferred anyway, after his father had convinced the assistant-resident.

In 1918, Ali graduated from ELS and continued his education to a Hogere Burgerschool (HBS). It was at HBS that he became involved in the Jong Java youth organization. Throughout his time at HBS, Ali became acquainted to western culture, especially Dutch culture. He studied French, German, and English literature, and read the works of writers such as Bernard Shaw, William Shakespeare, and Willem Kloos. In 1922, he graduated from HBS, and met his future-wife Titi Roelia. Like many other young men of the aristocracy in the Dutch East Indies, Ali managed to obtain a scholarship to study in the Netherlands, financed by Hendriks Kraemer, a Bachelor of Eastern Literature and Eastern Culture and an acquaintance of his older brother.

While in the Netherlands, he lived in Leiden with the aim of entering the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the University of Leiden, but was rejected on the grounds that his HBS diploma did not meet the requirements. He was advised to study again, but only obtained a diploma in Latin and Greek literature, before switching to studying Law. He graduated with a Meester in de Rechten (Master of Laws) degree in 1927. During his time at Leiden, Ali was active in the Perhimpoenan Indonesia association, and wrote several anti-colonialist articles for the pro-independence newspaper Indonesia Merdeka. In September 1927, Ali, alongside Mohammad Hatta and a few others, were arrested by Dutch authorities on a charge of encouraging armed resistance to Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies. They were detained for six months, and were tried in the Hague in March 1928. Embarrassingly for the authorities, all of them were acquitted and released.

Early political career

Following Ali's release, he established a law office...

Prime Minister: 1953–1955

Foreign policy

See also: Bandung Conference

Prime Minister: 1956–1957

Cabinet formation

Ali Sastroamidjojo being sworn-in as prime minister for his second term at the Merdeka Palace, 24 March 1956

Members of Ali Sastroamidjojo's second cabinet lining up together at the Merdeka Palace, 24 March 1956

Personal life

He is the uncle of Finance Minister Ali Wardhana.

References

Sources

• Sastroamidjojo, Ali (1974). Tonggak-tonggak di perjalananku [Milestones on my journey] (in Indonesian). Indonesia: Kinta Publishing. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
• Koswara, Engkos (2017). Negarawan dari Merbabu: kiprah politik Ali Sastroamidjojo di Indonesia tahun 1928-1966 [The Statesman from Merbabu: the political career of Ali Sastroamidjojo in Indonesia 1928–1966] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Indonesia University of Education. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
• Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200. Macmillan Education UK. ISBN 978-0-230-54686-8. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
• Feith, Herbert (2006). The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-979-3780-45-0. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
• Rocamora, J. Eliseo (October 1970). "The Partai Nasional Indonesia, 1963–1965" (PDF). Indonesia. 10 (10). Cornell Modern Indonesia Project: 143–181. doi:10.2307/3350638. hdl:1813/53493. JSTOR 3350638. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
• McIntyre, Angus (1972). "Divisions and Power in the Indonesian National Party, 1965 – 1966" (PDF). Indonesia (13): 183–210. doi:10.2307/3350686. hdl:1813/53534. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350686. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
• Crouch, Harold (April 1971). "The Army, the Parties and Elections" (PDF). Indonesia. 11 (11). Cornell University Southeast Asia Program: 177–192. doi:10.2307/3350749. hdl:1813/53508. JSTOR 3350749. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
• Kosut, Hal (1967). Indonesia; the Sukarno years. New York: Facts on File. Retrieved 26 May 2022.