User:The man from Gianyar/Ahmad Dahlan

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan
أحمد دحلان
Photograph, date unknown
Born	Muhammad Darwis (1868-08-01)1 August 1868 Kauman, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Dutch East Indies
Died	23 February 1923(1923-02-23) (aged 54) Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Dutch East Indies
Resting place	Karangkajen grave, Yogyakarta
Occupation	Kyai
Years active	1888 – 1923
Organization	Muhammadiyah
Known for	Indonesian national hero and founder of the Muhammadiyah organization
Spouse	Siti Walidah
Children	7
Parents	Abu Bakr (father) Siti Aminah (mother)

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan (born as Muhammad Darwis;‎ Arabic: أحمد دحلان;‎ 1 August 1868 – 23 February 1923), often abbreviated to K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, was an Indonesian Muslim religious leader and revivalist, who established the Muhammadiyah organization. Which would become one of the largest muslim organizations in Indonesia, second only to the Nahdlatul Ulama.

Born in Kauman, Yogyakarta, he was the son of an imam of a local mosque, and traced his origins from the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad. Ahmad Dahlan performed the Hajj pilgrimage when he was 15 years old, and he lived in Mecca for another five years. There, he became involved with reformist thoughts within Islam. He returned to Indonesia in 1888. In 1903, he went to Mecca again to deepen his religious knowledge. He returned to Indonesia in 1905, and two years later, he joined the Budi Utomo organization. However, his supporters urged him to create his own organization.

In 1912, he created the Muhammadiyah organization, as a means of realising his reformist ideals. The organization was quickly joined by merchants and craftsmen. In 1917, he added a women's section named Aisyiyah, which played a significant role in modernising the life of Indonesian women. Spreading to the Outer Islands, Muhammadiyah established a strong base in Sulawesi only a decade later after it was founded. It was one of a number of indigenous Indonesian organisations founded in the first three decades of the twentieth century;a time known as the Indonesian National Awakening; that were key in establishing a sense of Indonesian nationalism, and ultimately independence.

Throughout the last year of his life, Ahmad Dahlan, sufferred from a number health issues. In 1923, following the advice of his doctor, he took some time to rest at Mount Tretes, Malang, East Java, before finally returning to Yogyakarta, to attend an annual Muhammadiyah meeting. His health continued to deteriorate, until he died on 23 February 1923. His body was buried at Karangkajen grave. For his services, Ahmad Dahlan was inaugurated as a National Hero, according to Presidential Decree No. 657 of 1961.

Early life

Youth and family

Geneological tree of Ahmad Dahlan

Ahmad Dahlan, born as Muhammad Darwis, was born in the Muslim quarter of the city of Yogyakarta, then known as Kauman, which was ruled by the Yogyakarta Sultanate, under the rule of the Dutch, on 1 August 1868. He was the fourth child of seven children of Kyai Haji Abu Bakr bin Kyai Sulaiman, and his wife, Siti Aminah Binti Kyai Haji Ibrahim. His father was a palace courtier of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, and served as an imam and a preacher at the Kauman Great Mosque. While his mother was a descendant of a number of kyai's, with both her father-in law and grandfather-in law being kyai's. Namely Kyai Hasan, and Kyai Mohamad Ali.

Muhammad Darwis came from a long line of Javanese kyai's. He was the 12th generation descendant of Maulana Ibrahim, better known as Sunan Gresik, a member of the Wali Sanga, a group of revered saints of Islam in Indonesia, with a lineage tracing back to the prophet Muhammad himself. According to Salam Jusuf, his lineage to Sunan Gresik is as follows: From Darwis's father, Abu Bakr, to his grandfather Muhammad Sulaiman, to his great-grandfather, Kyai Murtadla, to his great-great-grandfather, Kyai Ilyas. Continuing, through four 5 more different persons (Demang Jurang Juru Kapindo, Jurang Juru Sapisan, Maulana Sulaiman Ki Ageng Gribig, Maulana Fadhullah, and Maulana Ishaq), before reaching Maulana Ibrahim. He was raised in the Kauman area of Yogyakarta, and was initially taught directly by his parents in a family environment. Being educated on the matters of religion and the Quran. However, he was later sent to a pesantren to further his knowledge.

First pilgrimage

In 1883, Darwis was sent to Mecca, to perform the pilgrimage, and deepen his religious knowledge. Due in part to financial assistance from his brother-in-law, Kyai Haji Soleh. The night prior ro his departure, the community gathered at his father's house to pray for Darwis' safety during the pilgrimage. In the morning, Darwis boarded the train to Semarang at Tugu station. His arrival in Semarang was greeted by other relatives who had prepared a boarding house to rest while he waited for his departure by boat. He continued his journey, and boarded a Chinese merchant vessel which was bound to Singapore. The vessel arrived in Singapore after only two days at sea. Darwis' arrival there was greeted by Sheikh Abdul Kahar, who then invited him to stay at the Kampung Jawa lodge for five days. He then continued his journey to Mecca, and boarded the Mispil ship, which departed for Europe via Aden and Jeddah. After going through the Red Sea, the ship arrived at the port of Jeddah.

The arrival of the prospective pilgrims were welcomed by representatives of the government of Saudi Arabia, before being handed over to representatives of each country. In the case of the Dutch East Indies, every city in the archipelago had a sheikh in Mecca who was in charge of guiding the prospective pilgrims. After completing his pilgrimage, Darwis remained in Mecca to study religious knowledge. For five years, he collected a number of religious books, and studied various Islamic religious jurisprudences, which included qiraat, tafsir, tawhid, fiqh, and tasawuf. In Mecca, Dahlan associated with other fellow Indonesian pilgrims from Sulawesi, West Java, West Sumatra, Aceh and other areas, which helped all of them conceive of a common interest against the Dutch colonial authorities of Indonesia and the need to revivie Islam in Indonesia. Towards the end of his time in Mecca, he met with Imam Syafi'i Sayid Bakri Syatha to change his name from Muhammad Darwis to Ahmad Dahlan. Tradition at that time that pilgrims who would return to their homeland would meet a cleric to give an Arabic name in front of which he added the word Hajj as a substitute for his old name. Thus, he became Haji Ahmad Dahlan.

Muhammadiyah

Second pilgrimage

The return trip to Indonesia saw him take the same sea route from Jeddah, and he arrived in Semarang, before returning to Yogyakarta by taking the train. He arrived in Tugu station, and was warmly welcomed by his family and community. With Ahmad giving sermons and messages he learned from Meccan ulamas. Following his return from Mecca, he continued to seek knowledge from other kyai's and scholars. He began studying both fiqh and nahwu from scholars such as his brother-in-law , Haji Muhammad Saleh, and a Kyai named Haji Muhsin. While also studying astronomy, hadiths, and qiraah, with a number of other kyai's and scholars.

See also

• Muhammadiyah
• Nyai Ahmad Dahlan
• Winai Dahlan

References

Bibliography

• Abdul, Mu'thi; Mulkhan, Abdul Munir; Marihandono, Djoko (2015). Parlindungan, Utan (ed.). K.H. Ahmad Dahlan (1868-1923) [K.H. Ahmad Dahlan (1868-1923)] (PDF) (in Indonesian). National Awakening Museum and Director General of Culture. ISBN 978-602-14482-8-1. Retrieved 27 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

• Burhani, Ahmad Najib (2010). Muhammadiyah Jawa [Muhammadiyah Java] (in Indonesian). Al-Wasat Publishing. ISBN 9786029691603. Retrieved 28 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

• Hariri, Didik Lukman Hariri (2018) [2010]. Jejak Sang Pencerah [The Path of the Enlightener] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Republika Penerbit. Retrieved 29 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

• Salam, Junus (2009). K.H. Ahmad Dahlan Amal dan Perjuangannya [K.H. Ahmad Dahlan Amal and His Struggle] (in Indonesian). Suara Muhammadiyah. ISBN 978-979-19415-1-8. Retrieved 28 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

• Salam, Junus (1968). Riwajat hidup K.H.A. Dahlan: amal dan perdjoangannja [Biography of K.H.A. Dahlan: charity and struggle] (in Indonesian). Muhammadiyah. Retrieved 28 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

• Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 28 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

• Nugraha, Adi (2009). K.H. Ahmad Dahlan: biografi singkat, 1869-1923 [K.H. Ahmad Dahlan: brief biography, 1869-1923]. Garasi. ISBN 9789792545418. Retrieved 28 November 2021. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-format=, |lay-url=, |lay-date=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)