User:Teblick/Durango Kid (film character)
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The Durango Kid is a fictional character "whose name became a by-word in Texas [in] 1875"[1] and who was depicted in a series of Western films made by Columbia Pictures in the 1940s and 1950s.[2]
R. Philip Loy, in the book Westerns and American Culture, wrote, "The Kid was a Robin Hood-type outlaw dressed in black, wearing a black face mask, and riding a white horse."[3]
Format
[edit]As was true with many B Westerns, elements of Durango Kid films were fairly predictable. In his book, Billy the Kid on Film, 1911-2012, Johnny D. Boggs quoted Buck Rainey in Heroes of the Range:
The Durango Kid stories were the Western stereotype stripped down to the mare's back. The theory that the grinding out of the same plot, with only minor variations, will still result in a successful film, particularly if it happens to be a Western, is nowhere more strongly (and somewhat mistakenly) illustrated in the Durango Kid series. The same old stagecoach holdup, the same old suave villain masquerading as a benefactor, the same old cattle stampede and a few other standard props were constantly assembled .. and while the result probably produced no audible complaints from oater fans, the whole series seemed rather tired.[4]
The action at times required a suspension of disbelief as the main character changed suddenly from Durango to his alter ego, or vice-versa. Jim Driscoll, reflecting on his own childhood movie viewing, wrote: "Nobody ever questioned the mendacious logistics of how Durango, while in his alter ego ... would have his 4-legged transportation and change of clothes ready at the qucik when trouble brewed over."[2]: 203
Characters
[edit]Although the Durango Kid character's name remained constant throughout the film series, the name of the alter ego varied. During the series' first year, the character's first name was Steve as in four of the first eight films. In his book, Columbia Pictures Movie Series, 1926-1955: The Harry Cohn Years, Gene Blottner noted: "Starrett had the habit of revealing his identity to the ones he helped before riding on to new adventures. (This might have been a reason for Starrett's name changes.)[1]: 100 Beginning in 1947, the first name was always Steve, but "a myriad of last names" were used.[1]: 100
Tex Harding
[edit]A variety of sidekicks appeared in the films. The first was Tex Harding, who was seen in the first eight productions. (He also appeared, uncredited, in two later films through use of old footage.) In some films, he knew Durango's real identity, while in others he did not. In some, he even wore Durango's outfit temporarily to confuse people as to the outlaw's real identity. Harding's character sang occasionally, with the sound being dubbed by James T. "Bud" Nelson.[1]: 100
Cannonball
[edit]Dub Taylor portrayed the character Cannonball in the first year's last seven installments.[1]: 100
Smiley Burnette
[edit]Smiley Burnette played himself in all of his appearances in Durango films "never Smiley Butterbeam, as has been stated by some historians."[1]: 101 The relationship between Burnette's character and the star varied from film to film. In some, he knew Durango's secret identity, while in others he had no idea about it.[1]: 101
Raider
[edit]The Durango Kid rode a white horse named Raider.[1]: 100
Stunt double
[edit]Early in the Durango series, Ted Mapes, a veteran stuntman, doubled for Starrett. After he "tired of the low-budget films and wanted to work on bigger projects," Columbia hired Jock Mahoney to be Starrett's double.[5] Mahoney went on to later star in the Western television series The Range Rider and Yancy Derringer.[1]: 101
Home distribution
[edit]In 1949, five Durango films were part of Columbia Pictures' entry into the "16-mm non-theatrical field."[6] Screen Gems distributed the Columbia products, which included 21 other films from the studio.[6]
More recenly, Sony produced "two lesser Durango Kid DVDs," Blazing Across the Pecos and Bonanza Town.[7]
Adaptations
[edit]Charles Starrett as the Durango Kid was a comic book series published bi-monthly by ME Comics beginning in 1949. It ran through the October/November 1955 publication for a total of 41 issues. In the comic books, Durango's alter ego was Steve Brand, with Muley Pike as his sidekick.[1]: 101 The comic book version's storylines went far afield from the film traditions of Durango. Steve Brand was a Secret Service agent whose adventures included encounters with an atomic death ray and a Shoshone Indian who grew to be 18 feet tall after drinking a magic potion.[8]
Durango also appeared in Best of the West, published by AC Comics. In his book, King of the Cowboys, Queen of the Wes: Roy Rogers and Dale Evans, Raymond E. White wrote, "Every issue includes the Durango Kid, Tim Holt as Redmask, and the Haunted Horseman."[9]
Legacy
[edit]The Durango Kid was among a group of Western film heroes featured in a 1973 song recorded by The Statler Brothers. The lyrics of "Whatever Happned to Randolph Scott?", in part, were as follows:
Whatever happened to Randolph Scott
Ridin' the trail alone?
Whatever happned to Gene Tex
And Roy and Rex, the Durango Kid ...?[10]
Films
[edit]Durango's first film, The Durango Kid, came out in 1940, with Charles Starrett in the title role. The character wasn't seen again until 1945 in The Return of the Durango Kid, which also starred Starrett.[3] The latter film began a flurry of Durango Kid releases (all starring Starrett) that continued until the end of the series in 1952, with a total of 65, including the 1940 original.[4]
Colbert Clark, a producer at Columbia Pictures, was responsible for re-starting the films in 1945. Colbert's decision was a boost for Starrett, who "returned to the list of top ten Western moneymakers."[4] The films themselves were also described as "reliable moneymakers."[11]
The Durango Kid (1940)
[edit]See article, The Durango Kid.
1945
[edit]Blazing the Western Trail
[edit]| Director | Vernon Keays |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Carole Mathews, Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys, Alan Bridge, Nolan Leary, Virginia Sale, Steve Clark, Mauritz Hugo, Ethan Laidlaw, Edmund Cobb, Frank LaRue, Forrest Taylor, Francis Walker, James T. "Bud" Nelson, Budd Buster, Ted Mapes, John Tyrrell, Robert Williams, Chick Hannon, Edward Howard |
| Length | 60 minutes |
Durango intervenes on behalf of a stagecoach operator who is being forced out of business.[12]: 34
Both Barrels Blazing
[edit]| Director | Derwin Abrahams |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Pat Parrish, The Jesters (Guy Bonham, Walter Carlson, Dwight Latham), Jack Rockwell, Al Bridge, Robert Barron, Charles King, John Cason, Bert Dillard, Edward Howard, Emmett Lynn, Dan White, and James T. "Bud" Nelson |
| Length | 58 minutes |
Durango's alter ego is a Texas Ranger investigating the theft of a gold shipment intended to go to needy families. A crooked town boss gets the gold and blames the theft on Durango.[1]: 104-106
Lawless Empire
[edit]| Director | Vernon Keays |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Mildred Law, Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys, Lloyd Ingraham, Jessie Arnold, Ethan Laidlaw, George Chesebro, Boyd Stockman, John Calvert, Johnny Walsh, Forrest Taylor, Jack Rockwell, Edward M. Howard, James T. "Bud" Nelson, Tom Chatterton, Jack Kirk |
| Length | 58 minutes |
Steve Ranson, as Durango, and a minister help homesteaders who are being driven off their property by outlaws.[1]: 109-110
Outlaws of the Rockies
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Carole Mathews, Carolina Cotton, Spade Cooley, Philip Van Zandr, James T. "Bud" Nelson, Horace B. Carpenter, Frank LaRue, I. Stanford Jolley, George Chesebro, Steve Clark, Kermit Maynard, John Tyrell, Frank O'Connor, Jack Rockwell, Nolan Leary, Smokey Rogers, Deuce Spriggins, Tex Williams |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Steve Williams is sheriff of a Western town. As Durango, he solves a bank robbery and breaks up a villain's control of the town.[1]: 107-108
The Return of the Durango Kid
[edit]| Director | Derwin Abrahams |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Jean Stevens, John Calvert, The Jesters (Guy Bonham, Walter Carlson, Dwight Latham), Betty Roadman, Hal Price, Dick Botiller, Britt Wood, Ray Bennett, Paul Conrad, Steve Clark, Carl Sepulveda, Elmo Lincoln, Ted Mapes, Dan White, William Desmond, and Carl Mathews |
| Length | 58 minutes |
Bill Blayden seeks to clear the name of his father, who was reputed to have been an outlaw. While in Silver City, he (as the Durango Kid) helps to prevent Buckskin Liz from losing her stage line to the saloon owner who runs the town.[1]: 102-104
Rustlers of the Badlands
[edit]| Director | Derwin Abrahams |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Sally Bliss, George Eldredge, Edward M. Howard, Ray Bennett, Ted Mapes, Karl Kackett, Al Trace and His Silly Symphonists, Steve Clark, Frank LaRue, Bud Osborne, Edmund Cobb, Ted French, Nolan Leary, Jack Ingram, Frank Ellis, James T. "Bud Nelson, Frank McCarroll, Carl Sepulvada |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Steve Lindsay, as Durango, and Tex Harding investigate rustling and murder in New Mexico.[1]: 106-107
Sagebrush Heroes
[edit]| Director | Benjamin Kline |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Dub Taylor, Constance Worth, Jimmy Wakely and his Saddle Pals, Ozie Waters and the Colorado Hillbillies, Forrest Taylor, Edmund Cobb, Elvin Field, Bobby Larson, Joel Friedkin, Lane Chandler, Ed Laughton, John Trrell, Paul Zaremba, Jessie Arnold, Budd Buster, Davison Clark, Ted French, Vernon Dent |
| Length | 54 minutes |
Steve Randall is Durango's alter ego. No synopsis available.[13]: 137-138
Texas Panhandle
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Nanette Parks, Carolina Cotton, Jody Gilbert, Spade Cooley, Forrest Taylor, Ted Mapes, Edward Howard, George Chesebro, William Gould, Robert Waker, Jack Kirk, Budd Buster, Tex Palmer, Hugh Hooker, Ray Jones, Deuce Spriggins, Smokey Rogers, Johnny Weis, Tex Williams, Joaquin Murphy, Gibby Gibson, Spike Featherstone, Dean Eaker, Muddy Berry, Frank Buckley, Roy Bucko |
| Length | 57 minutes |
Steve Bucker is Durango's alter ego. No synopsis available.[13]: 155-156
1946
[edit]The Fighting Frontiersman
[edit]| Director | Derwin Abrahams |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Helen Mowery, Emmett Lynn, Frank LaRue, George Chesebro, Jock Mahoney, Ernie Adams, Maudie Prickett, Zon Murray, Jim Diehl, Frank Ellis, Herman Hack, Robert Filmer, Russell Meeker, Blackie Whiteford, George Plues, Ray Jones, Kit Guard, Victor Cox, Foxy Callahan, Jack Evans, Hank Newman and the Georgia Crackers |
| Length | 61 minutes |
Steve Reynolds as Durango intervenes when a "prospector discovers a cache of gold in the Texas Hills."[14]: 125-126
Frontier Gunlaw
[edit]| Director | Derwin Abrahams |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Jean Stevens, Al Trace and His Silly Symphonists, Weldon Heyburn, Jack Rockwell, Frank LaRue, John Elliott, Robert Kortman, Stanley Price, Jack Guthrie |
| Length | 60 minutes |
Jim Steart, as Durango, rounds up an outlaw gang that has been attacking ranches.[1]: 112
Galloping Thunder
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Adelle Roberts, Merle Travis and His Bronco Busters, Smiley Burnette, Nolan Leary, John Merton, Forrest Taylor, Richard Bailey, Edmund Cobb, Kermit Maynard, Ray Bennett, Budd Buster |
| Length | 54 minutes |
Army investigator Steve Reynolds, as Durango, looks into who is preventing ranchers from delivering horses to the Army.[1]: 115
Gunning for Vengeance
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Marjean Neville, The Trailsmen, Smiley Burnette, George Chesebro, Bob Kortman, Dick Rush, Nolan Leary, Frank Fanning, Frank LaRue, Phyllis Adair, Lane Chandler, Robert Williams, Jack Kirk, Blackie Whiteford, Tommy Coats, Matty Roubert, Chick Hannon, John Tyrell |
| Length | 54 minutes |
Steve Landy is town marshal, but he uses his alter ego of Durango to go outside his jurisdiction to bring outlaws to justice.[1]: 114-115
Roaring Rangers
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro | |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Adele Roberts, Merle Travis and His Bronco Busters, Smiley Burnette, Bob Wilke, Jack Rockwell, Edmund Cobb, Mickey Kuhn, Ed Cassidy, Ted Mapes, Kermit Maynard, Teddy Infuhr, Gerald Mackey, Ethan Laidlaw, Herman Hack, Chick Hannon, Tex Harper, Carol Henry | |
| Steve Randall, as Durango, has to contend with an impersonator who pretends to be Durango. The real Durango emerges victorious in time to rescue ranchers whose property was about to be lost.[1]: 112-114 | Length | minutes |
Two-Fisted Stranger
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Doris Houck, Zeke Clements, Smiley Burnette, Ted Mapes, Nolan Leary, Jack Rockwell, Davison Clark, Lane Chandler, George Chesebro, Charles Murray, Jr. Maudie Prickett, Frank O'Connor, Robert Walker |
| Length | 50 minutes |
Deputy Steve Gordon becomes sheriff when the previous sheriff is killed. He discovers a scam about supposed diamond mines and, as Durango, saves the day for the local people.[1]: 116
1947
[edit]Buckaroo from Powder River
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Eve Miller, Forrest Taylor, The Cass County Boys, Paul Campbell, Douglas D. Coppin, Philip Morris, Casey MacGregor, Ted Adams, Ethan Laidlaw, Edmund Cobb, Frank McCarroll, Kermit Maynard, Roy Butler, Phil Arnold, Buster Brodie, Tex Palmer |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Durango goes into action to break up an outlaw gang's plans to print counterfeit government bonds.[12]: 46-47
Law of the Canyon
[edit]The Lone Hand Texan
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Fred F. Sears, Mary Newton, Maude Pickett, George Chesebro, Robert Stevens, Bob Cason, Jim Diehl, George Russell, Jasper Weldon, Matty Roubert, Mustard and Gravy, Jock Mahoney, Ernest Stokes |
| Length | 54 minutes |
Source:[15]
Steve Driscoll, as Durango, comes to the aid of an oil prospector when unscrupulous characters challenge his claim.[11]: 78
Riders of the Lone Star
[edit]| Director | Derwin Abrahams |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Virginia Hunter, Steve Darrell, Edmund Cobb, Mark Dennis, Lane Bradford, Ted Mapes, George Chesebro, Peter Perkins, Eddie Parker, Nolan Leary, Curly Williams and His Georgia Peach Pickers |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Durango's alter ego is Steve Mason.[13] A pair of Texas Rangers pursue an outlaw who wants to prevent a mine from re-opening.[12]: 280
West of Dodge City
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Nancy Saunders, Fred F. Sears, I. Stanford Jolley, Bob Wilke, George Chesebro, Steve Clark, Mustard and Gravy, Glenn Stuart, Nolan Leary, Zon Murray, Bud Osborne, Almira Sessions, Jim Dielh, Marshall Reed |
| Length | 58 minutes |
Steve Ramsey, as Durango, foils the criminal activities of a land-grabber.[13]: 178-179
1948
[edit]Blazing Across the Pecos
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Patricia White, Paul Campbell, Charles Wilson, Thomas Jackson, Jack Ingram, Chief Thundercloud, Pat O'Malley, Jock Mahoney, Frank McCarroll, Pierce Lyden, Paul Conrad, Red Arnall and the Western Aces, Ralph Bucko, Jack Evans, Jack Tornek, Blackie Whiteford, and Post Park |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Steve Blake (Durango) intervenes when a gambler uses an Indian tribe to raid wagon trains and terrorize townspeople in his effort to take control of the town.[16]
West of Sonora
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Steve Darrell, George Chesebro, Anita Castle, Hal Taliaferro, Bob (Robert) Wilke, Emmett Lynn, Lynn Farr, Lloyd Ingraham, The Sunshine Boys |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Steve Rollins, as Durango, ends a feud between a little girl's two grandfathers.[14]: 103-104
1949
[edit]Bandits of El Dorado
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, George J. Lewis, Fred F. Sears, Clayton Moore, Mustard and Gravy, John Dehner, Jock Mahoney, John Doucette, Max Wagner, Henry Kulley, Edmund Cobb, John Merton, Ray Bennett, Kermit Maynard, Jack Evans, Carl Matthews, Monte Montague, Blackie Whiteford, Merrill McCormick, Jack Tornek, Victor Cox, Herman Hack, Al Haskell, Ted Mapes, Ray Jones |
| Length | 56 minutes |
Steve, as Durango, pretends to kill a Texas Ranger, thus becoming a wanted man in order to find out how criminals are getting across the border.[12]: 20
Challenge of the Range
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Paula Raymond, William Halop, Steve Darrell, Henry Hall, Robert Filmer, George Chesebro, John McKee, Frank McCarroll, John Cason, Kermit Maynard, Edmund Cobb, Ray Bennett, Cactus Mack, The Sunshine Boys, Jock Mahoney, Leroy Johnson, Emile Avery, Matty Roubert, Pat O'Malley, Milton Kibbee, Marshall Reed, Frank O'Connor, Rose Plummer |
| Length | 56 minutes |
Durango intervenes to stop a range war as ranchers exchange accusations of breaking the law.[12]: 58
Desert Vigilante
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Peggy Stewart, Tristam Coffin, The Georgia Crackers, Mary Newton, George Chesebro, Jack Ingram, Paul Campbell, Tex Harding, I. Stanford Jolley, Ted Mapes, George Morrell, Blackie Whiteford, Sandy Sanders, Lew Morphy, Roy Bucko, Jerry Hunter |
| Length | 54 minutes |
A government agent's investigation involves both silver smuggling and the murder of a young woman's father.[12]: 86
1950
[edit]Across the Badlands
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Helen Mowery, Stanley Andrews, Robert Wilke, Harmonica Bill (William Russell), Dick Elliott, Hugh Prosser, Robert W. Cavendish, Charles Evans, Paul Campbell, Richard Alexander, Bob Woodward |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Durango investigates attacks on a railroad's surveying crews.[12]
Lightning Guns
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnett |
| Length | 60 minutes |
Source: The American Western A Complete Film Guide[17]
Streets of Ghost Town
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, George Chesebro, Mary Ellen Kay, Stanley Andrews, Frank Fenton, Don Reynolds, Ozie Waters and His Colorado Rangers, John L. Cason, Jack Ingram, Robert Kortman, Emnett Lyon, Doris Houck, Dick Rush, John Tyrrell |
| Length | 54 minutes |
Source:[12]
Texas Dynamo
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Lois Hall, Jock Mahoney, John Dehner, Greg Barton, George Chesebro, Emil Sitka, Fred F. Sears, Marshall Bradford, Slim Duncan |
| Length | 64 minutes |
Steve Drake, as Durango, poses as a Texas gunman to defeat an outlaw gang.[13]: 153-154
1951
[edit]Bonanza Town
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Fred F. Sears, Luther Crockett, Myron Healey, Charles Horvath, Ted Jordan, Al Wyatt, Paul McGuire, Vernon Dent, Slim Duncan |
| Length | 56 minutes |
Steve Ramsey, as Durango, finds an outlaw who was thought to be dead but is actually working with a corrupt citizen of the town.[7]: 18-19
Cyclone Fury
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Fred F. Sears, Clayton Moore, Robert Wilke, Louis Lettieri, George Chesebro, Frank O'Connor, Merle Travis and His Bronco Busters, Jay Silverheels, Edmund Cobb, Kermit Maynard, Ray Bennett, Matty Roubert, Slim Duncan, John Merton, Lane Bradford, Frank Moran, Robert E. Scott, Richard Alexander, Lew Morphy |
| Length | 54 minutes |
A rancher's murder arouses suspicion in an agent who is responsible for safe delivery of horses to the government.[12]: 75
The Kid from Amarillo
[edit]| Director | Ray Nazarro |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Harry Lauter, Fred F. Sears, Don Megowan, Scott Lee, Guy Teague, Charles Evans, George J. Lewis, Henry Kulky, George Chesebro, Jerry Scroggins, Cass County Boys |
| Length | 56 minutes |
Steve Ransome as Durango "captures silver smugglers who are operating on the United States-Mexican border in 1890."[14]
Prairie Roundup
[edit]Ridin' the Outlaw Trail
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Sunny Vickers, Edgar Dearing, Peter Thompson, Jim Bannon, Lee Morgan, Chuck Roberson, Pee Wee King and his Golden West Cowboys, Ethan Laidlaw |
| Length | 56 minutes |
Steve Forsyth as Durango "captures a Texas outlaw in the 1880s.[14]: 73
1952
[edit]The Hawk of Wild River
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears, |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Jock Mahoney, Clayton Moore |
| Length | 70 minutes |
Source: The American Western A Complete Film Guide[17]: 183
The Kid from Broken Gun
[edit]| Director | Fred F. Sears |
| Cast | Charles Starrett, Smiley Burnette, Jock Mahoney, Angela Stevens, Tristam Coffin, Myron Healey, Helen Mowery, Mauritz Hugo, Edgar Dearing, Chris Alcaide, Pat O'Malley, John Cason, Eddie Parker |
| Length | 55 minutes |
Steve Reynolds, as Durango, finds the real culprit when Jock Mahoney (as himself) is charged with murder.[14]: 52
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Blottner, Gene (2011). Columbia Pictures Movie Series, 1926-1955: The Harry Cohn Years. McFarland. pp. 100–116. ISBN 9780786486724. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ^ a b Driscoll, Jim (2008). REFLECTIONS OF A B- MOVIE JUNKIE: A tribute to, and homage of, the B-Movie genre films of the Saturday Matinees, of primarily the ‘40's and ‘50's. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 203–204. ISBN 9781462838202. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ^ a b Loy, R. Philip (2001). Westerns and American Culture, 1930-1955. McFarland. p. 21. ISBN 9780786481156. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ^ a b c Boggs, Johnny D. (2013). Billy the Kid on Film, 1911-2012. McFarland. p. 74. ISBN 9781476603353. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ^ Freese, Gene (2013). Jock Mahoney: The Life and Films of a Hollywood Stuntman. McFarland. pp. 22–25. ISBN 9780786476893. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ a b "(untitled brief)". Popular Photography. August 1949. p. 112. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ a b Reid, John Howard (2011). Westerns: A Guide to the Best (and Worst) Western Movies on DVD. Lulu.com. p. 84. ISBN 9780557203345. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ Miller, Cynthia J.; Van Riper, A. Bowdoin (2013). Undead in the West II: They Just Keep Coming. Scarecrow Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780810892651. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ White, Raymond E. (2006). King of the Cowboys, Queen of the West: Roy Rogers and Dale Evans. Popular Press. p. 399. ISBN 9780299210045. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ Mullins, Jesse Jr. (September 2004). "Whatever Happened to Randolph Scott?". American Cowboy. pp. 28–29. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ a b Dixon, Wheeler Winston (2005). Lost in the Fifties: Recovering Phantom Hollywood. Carbondale: SIU Press. p. 78. ISBN 9780809388448. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Pitts, Michael R. (2012). Western Movies: A Guide to 5,105 Feature Films, 2d ed. McFarland. p. 3. ISBN 9781476600901. Retrieved 11 June 2016. Cite error: The named reference "pitts" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c d e Reid, John Howard (2006). Great Hollywood Westerns: Classic Pictures, Must-See Movies & "B" Films. Lulu.com. pp. 125–126. ISBN 9781430309680. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Reid, John Howard (2015). World's Worst Westerns Plus Some of the Best Your Guide to the Best of the Worst. Lulu.com. p. 51. ISBN 9781329548374. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
- ^ Reid, John (2005). HOLLYWOOD 'B' MOVIES: A Treasury of Spills, Chills & Thrills. Lulu.com. pp. 89–90. ISBN 9781411650657. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ Reid, John Howard (2005). Movie Westerns: Hollywood Films the Wild, Wild West. Lulu.com. p. 33. ISBN 9781411666108. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ a b Rowan, Terry (2013). The American Western A Complete Film Guide. Lulu.com. p. 239. ISBN 9781300418580. Retrieved 11 June 2016.