Jump to content

User:TeamLFB/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Career

[edit]

Religious call

[edit]

According to the U.S.-based non-profit organization Evangelical Media Group (www.god.com) created by Yoo in 2001,[1] "he first began to live for the sake of the gospel in 1961," and that he "worked as an inventor and businessman to support the spreading of the gospel all over the world".[2] Yoo was one of 11 students admitted to the Good News Mission Bible school established in Korea by American and English missionaries, but he was expelled.[3] He founded what later became the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea, also known as the Salvation Sect,[4] in 1962 with his father-in-law, Pastor Kwon Shin-chan (권신찬; 1923–96).[5][6] The church was held to be a cult by the conservative Christian denomination, the General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches, in 1992.[7]

Acquisition of Samwoo Trading and founding of Semo Corp.

[edit]

Yoo, while still serving as a pastor, got his start in business when acquiring the bankrupt textile company Samwoo Trading Co. (삼우무역) in 1976.[8][9] He took over as CEO in 1978, and turned it into a toy manufacturing and export company.[10][11] Yoo went into shipping when he founded Semo Corp. (주식회사 세모) in 1979,[12] a holding company that came to span shipping, shipbuilding, domestic ferry businesses, electronics, real estate, cosmetics, paint, stuffed toys, pewter, and various other ventures.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Semo started operating ferries on Seoul's Han River in 1986, two years before the city held the Summer Olympics.[20][21][22]

Odaeyang mass suicide

[edit]

Yoo came to public attention in connection with the Odaeyang mass suicide in 1987. Police were investigating accusations against a 48-year-old woman, Park Soon-ja, saying that she had swindled ₩8.9 billion (~US$8.7 million) from about 220 people.[23][24] Her company Odaeyang Trading Co. was a firm that fronted for a religious sect led by Park, which was a splinter group from Yoo's Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea.[25] Yoo has denied any link to the group.[26] On 29 August, thirty-two members of the sect who believed in doomsday, including Park Soon-ja and her three children, were found dead, bound and gagged.[27][28] Police assumed the event was a murder–suicide pact, and the prosecution initially suspected that Yoo was linked to the case;[29][30] but he was never charged, and the police closed the case as a mass suicide.[31][32][33][34] After six people, including a former follower of Park named Kim Do-hyun,[35] surrendered to authorities on 10 July 1991,[36] the case was re-opened and investigation into Odaeyang Trading Co. revealed that the bulk part of ₩17 billion (~US$17 million) in private loans had been funneled into the company Semo Corp. run by Yoo.[37][38][39] Yoo was arrested and, in 1992, convicted of "habitual fraud under the mask of religion" for his role in colluding with one of his employees to collect donations from church members in the amount of ₩1.2 billion (~US$1.15 million) and invest them in his businesses. He served a 4-year prison term.[40][41][42][43][44][45]

Semo bankruptcy

[edit]

By 1990, Semo Corp. had 1,800 employees,[46] but the ferry businesses suffered maritime accidents. In 1990, 14 Semo workers were killed when their cruise ship on the Han River was hit by another ship.[40][47] The company was cleared of any liability for the incident.[20] Semo grew into the biggest ferry operator by 1994, operating 30 ships,[48][49][50] and once had nearly 3,000 employees.[17]

Semo Group filed for bankruptcy with more than ₩300 billion (~US$294 million) in debts amidst the 1997 Asian financial crisis, in the wake of a series of highly publicized scandals, citing business diversification as the cause of a cash shortage that had fuelled a rise in debts in its bankruptcy protection petition, and was liquidated.[20][45][51]

After Semo's bankruptcy, Yoo's family continued to operate ferry businesses under the names of other companies, including one that eventually became Chonghaejin Marine, and grew to become the monopolistic operator of ferries linking Incheon and Jeju.[52][53][54]

Chonghaejin Marine Company Ltd. was set up two years later on 24 February 1999, a day before a court approved the restructuring of the bankrupt Semo, and became a key entity to consolidate Semo's shipping business, taking over ships and assets held by Semo Marine, and had its debts written off.[7][20][51][54][55][56]

Other ventures

[edit]

According to Chaebul.com, an online information provider on large businesses, Yoo and his family own 30 business operators, with 13 doing business abroad such as in the U.S., Hong Kong and France. Their combined assets amount to some ₩500 billion (~US$480 million).[51] The collective assets of the 13 overseas operations surged to ₩166.5 billion (~US$158 million) at the end of 2013.[56] In France in 2012, Yoo made headlines prior to his photo exhibition in the Tuileries Garden at The Louvre when he through his public relations company, Ahae Press, bought the abandoned village of Courbefy for €520,000 (US$663,000, ₩767.5 million).[57][58][59][60][61] Yoo had seen it on CNN,[62] and wanted to set up an "environmental, artistic and cultural" project in the village.[63][64][65] Yoo has a wide range of other business interests according to official documents and information on company websites.[2] He owns a plantation in the United States called 123Farm,[66][67] one of the largest organic lavender farms in California started in 2001 at the site of the Highland Springs Resort,[68] a 2,400 acres (970 ha; 3.8 sq mi) property consisting of a 56-room hotel, conference center, and restaurants. Yoo was chairman of the board of the company that bought the resort in May 1990 for US$6.75 million.[69] I-One-I Holdings subsidiary Dapanda owns 9.9 percent of the Highland Springs Conference and Training Centre at the resort, according to regulatory filings.[70][71]

Inventions

[edit]

As an inventor, Yoo holds multiple patents, one being for a colonic irrigation system,[72] for which he received an International Federation of Inventors' Associations' prize at the 2006 Seoul International Invention Fair.[73] The invention is marketed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Germany, South Korea, Philippines, and Malaysia by NaeClear,[74] and is sold in South Korea by the company Dapanda. It "arose from the concept of Hemato-Centric Health, which revolves around the blood as being the center of life." supposedly a concept created by Yoo and his non-profit research organization Hemato-Centric Life Institute (New York) chaired by his younger son Keith H. Yoo (Yoo Hyuk-kee, 유혁기; born 1972);[75][76] sponsored by NaeClear Co., Ltd. and daughter Yoo Som-na's company Moreal Design Inc., Yoo delivered keynote speeches at the 2010-13 Hemato-Centric Life Forum meetings in Seoul organized by Hemato-Centric Life Foundation.[77][78][79]

Ahae

[edit]

Ahae (아해), which means "child" in old Korean language, was a nickname used in reference to Yoo in correspondence on an Evangelical Baptist Church website EBC World (www.ebcworld.org).[2] According to his son, Yoo began using it in the early 1990s.[80] One observer in Korea Times noted that the name derives its analogous sound from Yahweh, the Jewish name for God.[81] Through his PR companies Ahae Press, Inc. in New York, Ahae Press France in Paris, and Ahae Press Ltd. UK in London, Yoo has exhibited and marketed himself as the photographer who goes by the name Ahae.[82][70] Yoo was unknown as a photographer before 2011.[83][84][85][86]

The project titled Through My Window began in early spring 2009 and continued for 4 years, during which time Yoo allegedly took about 2.7 million photographs, all through one window, which equates to a rate of roughly one photo every 60 seconds. The collection mainly consists of natural scenes shot through the window of Yoo's own studio. The location is the rural commune belonging to the Evangelical Baptist Church called "Geumsuwon" (금수원) east of Anseong south of Seoul, where Yoo lives.[87][88]

Yoo first exhibited Through My Window in the Vanderbilt Hall of Grand Central Terminal, New York City, in April 2011; co-produced by daughter Yoo Som-na's company Moreal Design, it was organized by Hemato-Centric Life Institute,[89] and sponsored by Highland Springs Resort[90] and Bear Family Green Club.[91][92][93] His exhibition Through My Window: Vibrancy and Serenity was on display on the same location in October 2011.[94][95] Yoo did not attend the exhibition that was unveiled by his second son, Yoo Hyuk-kee, known outside South Korea as Keith H. Yoo.[96] Keith, as CEO of Ahae Press, curated his father's exhibitions.[97][98][99][100]

As a travelling exhibition, Through My Window was then on display in Europe at the National Gallery in Prague,[101] Clarence House Gardens, Lancaster House, and Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London,[102][103] Vremena Goda Galleries in Moscow,[97][104] Museo Nazionale Alinari della Fotografia in Florence,[105][106] and in Magazzini del Sale, Venice.[107]

"Ahae" etched in stone at the Louvre in Paris, as one of its patrons.[108][109][110]

From June to August 2012, Through My Window (De ma fenêtre) was displayed in a 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2), four-story bespoke exhibition pavilion erected in the Tuileries Garden, that is administratively attached to The Louvre, in Paris.[111][112][113] English film composer Ilan Eshkeri was commissioned to write a twelve-part tone poem. Pre-recorded in Abbey Road Studios by the London Metropolitan Orchestra the 46 minutes composition played alongside the exhibition, and was later released on Blu-ray Disc.[114][115][116][117] For the gala dinner in the exhibition pavilion on 25 June 2012, Keith H. Yoo had commissioned British composer Michael Nyman to write a 26 minutes long piano quintet in four movements titled Through the Only Window. The work was subsequently recorded by Nyman Quintet in the Abbey Road Studios, and released on Nyman's record label.[118][119][120] Hervé Barbaret, deputy to former director of The Louvre Henri Loyrette, disclosed to L'Express in 2014 that "The Louvre did not pay a penny to organize this event. The artist paid the production entirely and paid a little more than €500,000 (~US$700.000, ~₩700 million) to exhibit himself in the Tuileries".[121] Ahae further donated €1.1 million (~US$1.5 million, ~₩1.5 billion) to The Louvre.[122][123][124][125]

French magazine A nous Paris in its 25 June 2012 edition asked Keith H. Yoo the question: "The exhibition is a significant cost. Do you have any sponsors?" To which Keith answered: "No. We are funding everything with the money from our different companies. We are not interested in outside pressure and want to enjoy total freedom."[126]

For his second solo exhibition in France, Fenêtre sur l'extraordinaire (Window on the Extraordinary), Ahae rented the Orangerie Hall of the Palace of Versailles from 25 June to 9 September 2013.[127][128][129] To mark the end of the exhibition, Michael Nyman was again commissioned, and wrote a 32 minutes long symphony in four movements for the occasion, Symphony No. 6 "AHAE", representing the four seasons in nature as depicted by Ahae. French composer Nicolas Bacri was commissioned to write a 29 minutes long symphonic piece, his opus 130 titled "Ahae's Day (Four Images for Orchestra)". The London Symphony Orchestra was hired to premiere both pieces at L'Opéra of the Palace of Versailles in Paris on 8 September 2013.[130] Both pieces have been recorded for a planned future release.[131][132][133] Ahae is the sole patron of the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau (Water Theatre Grove) (fr) currently being recreated with sculptures by Jean-Michel Othoniel in the area of the Gardens of Versailles, donating €1.4 million (~US$1.9 million, ~₩1.9 billion).[122][134][135][136] Catherine Pégard, head of the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles who administer the Palace of Versailles, disclosed that the exhibition was on a sponsorship basis, saying "The artist himself wanted to rent the Orangerie. But we never communicate the numbers." French Le Monde and British The Times wrote that Ahae gave €5 million (~US$6.8 million, ~₩6.9 billion) to Versailles.[137][138][139]

Financial Times in its review of the Versailles exhibition wrote:

The scene that is the subject of Ahae's images looks, on the face of it, pretty unremarkable. A couple of murky ponds sit in a field which backs on to a fairly uninteresting looking wood. But such is the focus of Ahae's gaze that the viewer comes to know the fauna on the patch – from the fierce great tits who stare defiantly into the camera to the thuggish magpies and the beleaguered egrets and herons who bow to assaults by their neighbours like ageing professors hounded by skinheads.

— Catherine Milner, The Extraordinary within the Ordinary, Versailles – review, Financial Times[98]

The Economist wrote:

At first glance, the view from Ahae's window appears unimpressive. Yet these images reward patience. Ahae's forensic attention to detail reveals the stoicism, dignity and minor dramas of the animals going about their daily business, and raises these pictures to the realm of poetry.

— C.M., Nature photography in Versailles: Seoulful visions, The Economist[140]

Parisian newspapers Le Monde and Libération, several French art magazines, as well as Korean expatriates in France in an open letter on 12 June to French Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti, Catherine Pégard, president of the Château de Versailles, Henri Loyrette, ex-president of the Louvre and co-president of the French-Korean Year, and Bruno Ory-Lavollé, director of the Forest Festival in Compiègne, have raised their concerns over French cultural institutions accepting self-financed exhibitions in return for donations.[86][110][121][138][141][142][143][144][145][146] La Croix on 3 July wrote that French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius would write to Versailles to demand the termination of the Ahae sponsorship there.[147][148]

Ahae, through his company Ahae Press, was a patron of the Forest Festival, a classical music festival in the forests of Compiègne, northern France. His photographs were to be projected during a gala concert at Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne on 4 July 2014. The sponsorship commitment was €10,000 (~US$13,640, ~₩13.9 million).[149][150][151] Following the open letter on 12 June from Korean expatriates in France to, among others, Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti and the director of the Forest Festival, and subsequent talks between the festival and the Ministry of Culture, Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius on 30 June gave written notice to the festival suggesting the projection should be renounced "out of sensitivity and respect for the Korean people mourning [following the sinking of Sewol], in particular the families of the young victims, and in the interest of the Festival and of France"; the projection and the sponsorship was cancelled on 2 July.[110][147][148][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159]

An Ahae exhibition produced by Ahae Press titled Les échos du temps de près et de loin (Echos of Time: Far and Near) for the opening season of the new Philharmonie de Paris was scheduled for 5 May to 28 September 2015, and a concert sponsored by Ahae Press on 15 June 2015 in Philharmonie de Paris featuring Nyman's Symphony No. 6 "Ahae" and Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale" was announced; both have been cancelled.[160][161]

French newspaper La Croix in a comment to the sinking of the MV Sewol wrote:

This businessman with a murky past had used his fortune to exhibit at The Louvre. ... The crew [of the Sewol] was mainly made up of followers of the church of Yoo; temporary, often renewed and who were unfamiliar with their ship. The investigation also revealed that the owner had only spent 541,000 won ($521; €400) on crew training, including evacuation drills for its employees in 2013. Its wealthy owner had other priorities ... he used his fortune to organize worldwide exhibitions of his landscape photographs.

— Frédéric Ojardias, Corée, le scandaleux propriétaire du ferry naufragé, La Croix[162][163]

France Info commented:

In the Tuileries as at Versailles Ahae himself had financed his own exhibitions. ... In 2013, the company spent $500 in costs for training their crews, an amount that pales in comparison to the wealth of the owner of the shipping company. However, one of the main causes of the tragedy was precisely the total lack of preparation of the crew in case of disaster.

— Pierrick de Morel, Corée du Sud : qui est Yoo Byung-Eun, propriétaire du ferry naufragé ?, France Info[164]
Gallery
  • Tuileries Garden 2012
    Tuileries Garden 2012
  • Tuileries Garden 2012
    Tuileries Garden 2012
  • Tuileries Garden 2012
    Tuileries Garden 2012
  • Tuileries Garden 2012
    Tuileries Garden 2012
  • Tuileries Garden 2012
    Tuileries Garden 2012
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  • Versailles 2013
    Versailles 2013
  1. ^ 나기천 (8 May 2014). "유병언 차남 美서 후계작업...계열사 몰아줘 - 세상을 보는 눈, 글로벌 미디어 - 세계닷컴". Segye Ilbo (in Korean). Segye.com. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Chance, David (24 April 2014). "From God.com to photography, Korea ferry founder has diverse interests". Reuters. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  3. ^ "4. Formative Years of Good News Mission (2)". Good News Mission. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  4. ^ Park, Sang-hyun; Yeara, Ahn-park (3 May 2014). "It is not true that the Sewol's captain is unrelated to the Salvation Sect". The Kukmin Daily. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  5. ^ Park, Ju-min (21 May 2014). "South Korean sect submits to search for founder linked to doomed ferry". Reuters. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  6. ^ "현대종교" (in Korean). Hdjongkyo.co.kr. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b Kang, Hyun-kyung (26 April 2014). "'Salvation sect' suspected of backing Yoo's business". The Korea Times. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  8. ^ Gordts, Eline (23 April 2014). "Prosecutors Raid Home of South Korean Ferry Owner". Huffington Post. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  9. ^ "삼우(三友)트레이딩 이사 7명으로 출범 | Daum 미디어다음" (in Korean). Media.daum.net. Yonhap. 25 July 1991. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  10. ^ 이서현 (24 April 2014). "세모 부도뒤 수천억대 그룹 재건... 권력비호-비리 정조준 : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". The Dong-a Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  11. ^ "<세월호참사> 유병언, 구원파 신도 자금으로 사업 시작 | 연합뉴스" (in Korean). Yonhapnews.co.kr. Yonhap. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  12. ^ "Welcome to Semo!". Semo.co.kr. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  13. ^ Korean Trade Directory. Korean Traders Association. 1988. p. 1227.
  14. ^ "세월호 침몰, 유병언 계열사 임원 상당수 '구원파'" (in Korean). Huffingtonpost.kr. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  15. ^ J Carr; S. M. A. Barrow; Whiteside R (1989). Major Companies of the Far East. Graham & Trotman. p. 362. ISBN 9781853334092.
  16. ^ "SKorea ferry disaster suspect's daughter arrested in Paris". Worldbulletin.net. Worldbulletin News. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  17. ^ a b Hyung, Jin-kim (26 May 2014). "South Korea offers $500,000 reward for tips about missing billionaire Sewol ferry owner Yoo Byung-eun". National Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  18. ^ Major Companies of the Far East 1989-1990: East Asia. Graham & Trotman. 1 August 1989. p. 389. ISBN 9781853332968.
  19. ^ Liang Yun; Alan Bliault (26 May 2000). Theory & Design of Air Cushion Craft. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-0-08-051906-7.
  20. ^ a b c d Kim, Miyoung (22 April 2014). "Company that owned ill-fated South Korea ferry has chequered past". Reuters. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  21. ^ Kim, Jung-yoon (19 April 2014). "Offices of Sewol owner searched". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  22. ^ Asia Magazine. Vol. 28. Asia Magazines, Ltd. January 1990. p. 221. Then, rolling through the middle of the city is that metallic blue, heaving cummerbund around its waist, the Han River. ... Some, like Semo Cruises, start at the main Olympic stadium, where, in the soft whisper of the winter wind amid an empty ...
  23. ^ "33 Bodies Found in Attic After Apparent Murder-Suicide Pact". Apnewsarchive.com. 29 August 1987. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  24. ^ Asiaweek. Asiaweek Limited. September 1987. ...when thirteen employees of Park's Odaeyang Trading Co. were arrested for assaulting three creditors who demanded repayment of more than $600,000. When police brought Park in for questioning about $13.7 million in unpaid loans, she fell ill and was taken to hospital.
  25. ^ Foster-Carter, Aidan (22 May 2014). "The many masks of Yoo Byung-eun". Asia Times. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  26. ^ Per Liljas (24 April 2014). "Korean Ferry Disaster: Millionaire 'Sewol' Owner Yoo Byung-eun Probed". Time. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  27. ^ "32 People Found Dead in South Korean Plant – New York Times". The New York Times. South Korea; Yongin (South Korea). Associated Press. 30 August 1987. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  28. ^ Korea Annual. Hapdong News Agency. 1988. p. 53. The body of Park Sun-ja, head of Odaeyang Trading Co. and 32 other bodies were found by her husband, Lee Ki-jong, 53, on the ceiling ... brainwashed by the self-imposed woman cult leader, were persuaded to commit suicide by voluntarily taking toxicant before she took her own life.
  29. ^ Hong, Gil-dong (21 May 2014). "Ferry owner's hideout raided". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  30. ^ "Prosecution looks into cult in ferry accident probe". Yonhap. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  31. ^ Jun, Kwanwoo (28 April 2014). "Patriarch of Family That Controls Ferry Operator Ends Silence". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  32. ^ "Authorities search ferry owner's offices as probe widens in South Korea". KWGN-TV. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  33. ^ "오대양사건, 유병언 세모 회장과 어떤 관계?...檢 유병언 일가 집중 수사" [The Odaeyang Incident, What does it have to do with Yoo, the former president of Semo Co.? ... The Prosecutors are investigating]. Seoul News (in Korean). 24 April 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  34. ^ Kim, Da-ye (21 May 2014). "Yoo family gets away". The Korea Times. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  35. ^ 한예지 (18 April 2014). "오대양 사건 뭐길래? 청해진해운 최대 주주 유병언 전 회장 두 아들 '눈길'" (in Korean). TV Daily. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  36. ^ 임주영 (3 June 2014). "쫓고 쫓기는 검찰과 유병언...20년 전과 유사" (in Korean). Yonhap News. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  37. ^ Ko, Dong-hwan (24 April 2014). "Infidel Sewol captain and sailors devout Guwon faithfuls". The Korea Times. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  38. ^ Korea Newsreview. 27-52. Vol. 20. Korea Herald, Incorporated. 1991. p. 9. The prosecution, investigating the mysterious mass deaths of Odaeyang cult followers, is seeking a former female secretary of Semo Co. President Yoo Byung-eun, hoping she could give clues ... The prosecution alleged that Song served as a medium in the transfer of Odaeyang money to Semo Co. ... Park said he had obtained evidence that Yoo, known as de facto leader of Kuwonpa or Salvation sect, was involved in the incident, and that Kuwonpa staffers had financial transactions with Odaeyang president Park Sun-ja and other officials ...
  39. ^ "시사저널". Sisapress.com. 8 August 1991. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  40. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ap230514 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  41. ^ "Watchdog widens probe in all affiliates of Sewol operator". Yonhap. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  42. ^ "Sunken Ferry Owner's Malpractice: Chonghaejin Marine Company under Suspicion of Offshore Tax Evasion". BusinessKorea. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  43. ^ Kim, Mi-young; Jin, Hyun-joo (22 April 2014). "Company that owned ill-fated South Korea ferry has chequered past". Reuters. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  44. ^ Asiaweek. 27-51. Vol. 17. Asiaweek Limited. 1991. ARRESTED: Yoo Byung Eun, 50, leader of a South Korean religious sect and president of Semo, a trading company; on fraud charges; in Taejon Aug. 1. Known as "Jesus" to members of the Evangelical Baptist Church, also called the Kuwonpa (Salvation) sect, Yoo is accused of swindling $1.5 million from 34 people between 1982 and 1986. Last month ten sect members confessed they had killed three colleagues whom police had wanted in connection with the deaths of 32 people.
  45. ^ a b Seo, Ji-eun (26 May 2014). "Sects, money and tragedy have history in Korea". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  46. ^ Korean Business Directory. Chamber of Commerce of Korea. 1990. p. 556.
  47. ^ "Leave no stones unturned in investigating ferry sinking incident". The Dong-a Ilbo. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  48. ^ The Dock and Harbour Authority. Vol. 75. Foxlow Publications, Limited. 1994. p. 88. This ferry, constructed by Semo Co Ltd at a new facility near Kosung, was put into service by Semo's ferry's division on a route between Inchon and off-lying islands. This division operates a fleet of 30 ferries, of which many are hydrofoils.
  49. ^ Fast Ferry International. Vol. 32. High-Speed Surface Craft Limited. 1993. p. 13. Semo launches surface effect ship A 38m surface effect ship built in Korea by Semo Co. ... and its ferry division fleet of almost 30 vessels includes eight fast ferries, eight cruise boats and seven wharf/floating restaurants on Seoul's Han River.
  50. ^ Asian Shipping. Vol. 169–180. Asia Trade Journals Limited. 1993. p. 106. Semo is a diversified group with a ferry division which owns and operates a fleet of 30 vessels, including SESs, hydrofoils, ferries, cruise boats and floating restaurants, on Seoul's Han River. Its shipbuilding division has been building specialist ...
  51. ^ a b c Lee, Ji-yoon (23 April 2014). "Scandalous owner family of Sewol". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  52. ^ Fast Ferry International. Vol. 43. High-Speed Surface Craft Limited. 2004.
  53. ^ William H. McAnally; Ashish J. Mehta (January 2001). Coastal and Estuarine Fine Sediment Processes. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 294–. ISBN 978-0-444-50463-0.
  54. ^ a b "Find all political, government leaders protecting Yoo Byeong-eon". The Dong-a Ilbo. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  55. ^ "Chonghaejin Marine's 'real' owner hunted". The Korea Times. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  56. ^ a b Hong, Gil-dong (24 April 2014). "Travel ban slapped on ferry firm owner". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  57. ^ "Courbefy : le village fantôme vendu à un artiste" [Courbefy: the ghost town sold to an artist]. Sud-Ouest (in French). Sudouest.fr. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  58. ^ "Le hameau de Courbefy (Haute-Vienne) adjugé 520.000 euros à l'artiste Ahae" [The hamlet of Courbefy (Haute-Vienne) awarded 520,000 euros to the artist Ahae]. Le Parisien (in French). Agence France-Presse. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  59. ^ "Courbefy: un hameau abandonné vendu 520 000 euros à un artiste sud-coréen, Ahae" [Courbefy: an abandoned hamlet sold for € 520000 to a South Korean artist, Ahae]. L'Express (in French). 21 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  60. ^ Lagier, Franck (21 May 2012). "Des Américains achètent Courbefy". La Montagne (in French). lamontagne.fr. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  61. ^ Bouchez, Yann (21 May 2012). "Le hameau de Courbefy vendu pour 520 000 euros" [The hamlet of Courbefy sold for 520,000 euros]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  62. ^ de Mallevoüe, Delphine (23 July 2012). "Un projet "grandiose" pour le hameau vendu aux enchères" [A "grandiose" project for the sold hamlet]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  63. ^ Meltzer, Steve (23 May 2012). "American Landscape Photographer Buys An Entire French Village...Cheap". Imaging-resource.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  64. ^ Morin, Violaine (19 June 2014). "Yoo Byung-eun dit Ahae, un bien encombrant mécène" [Yoo Byung-eun aka Ahae, a wealthy patron]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  65. ^ Lee, Hyo-sik (16 June 2014). "Yoo affects French town's fate". The Korea Times. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  66. ^ "123 Farm". 123 Farm. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  67. ^ "De ma fenêtre: "Through my window" -Expo photo's dans au Jardin des Tuileries de Paris | Korea Press Production, le site de l'agence de presse coréenne ACPP" (in French). Korea-press-production.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  68. ^ "Highland Springs Resort". Hsresort.com. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  69. ^ Kim, Yon-se (23 April 2014). "Mogul's home, offices raided in ferry probe". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  70. ^ a b "'청해진해운' 유병언 전 회장 활동명 딴 '아해', 어떤 기업?". Money Today (in Korean). News.mt.co.kr. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  71. ^ Keller, Michelle (19 May 2006). "Making the Guests' Visit Greener". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  72. ^ "Colon hydrotherapy equipment for automatically supplying and blocking certain quantity and temperature of water, and controlling water pressure, spray strength, and spray speed". Patent.ipexl.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  73. ^ "IFIA Invention Show – Seoul International Invention Fair COEX, Seoul - 7-11 December 2006". Invention-ifia.ch. 11 December 2006. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  74. ^ "더 나은 라이프스타일 - 내클리어". Naeclear.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  75. ^ "Hemato-Centric Life Institute". Hcli.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  76. ^ "Board of Directors | Hemato-Centric Life Institute". 10 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  77. ^ "2012 Seoul Hemato-Centric Life Forum | Hemato-Centric Life Institute". 28 October 2013. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  78. ^ "2013 Seoul Hemato-Centric Life Forum | Hemato-Centric Life Institute". 6 April 2013. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  79. ^ 박병역 (24 April 2014). "대한신보! 인류시조성전건립회!". Daehan Sindbo (in Korean). Daehansinbo.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  80. ^ Lombardi, Francesca (Fall 2012). "Istanti di natura" [Instants of Nature]. Venezia Made in Veneto. No. 3. Gruppo Editoriale srl. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  81. ^ Shin, Janet (25 May 2014). "(280) Name and fate". The Korea Times. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  82. ^ Cite error: The named reference ahaepressrelease20140425 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  83. ^ Harris, Garreth (22 May 2014). "Artist linked to Korean ferry disaster". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  84. ^ 고미석 (24 April 2014). ""사진작가 아해? 처음 듣는 인물" : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". The Dong-a Ilbo. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  85. ^ 김지훈 (23 May 2014). "유병언 사진전 개최한 파리의 아해프레스 가봤더니..." Money Today (in Korean). News.mt.co.kr. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  86. ^ a b Lesauvage, Magali (10 June 2014). "Mécène-artiste, gourou, ennemi public : l'improbable affaire Ahae" [Patron-artist, guru, public enemy: the improbable Ahae case] (in French). Exponaute.com. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  87. ^ Knížák, Milan (2012). Book on Ahae. KANT – Karel Kerlicky. p. 295. ISBN 978-80-7437-077-9.
  88. ^ Kim, Connie (19 May 2014). "Speculation about Sewol-ho ferry owner's whereabouts rises again". Arirang News. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  89. ^ "Events | Hemato-Centric Life Institute". 30 February 2013. Archived from the original on 30 February 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |archivedate= (help)
  90. ^ "Highland Springs Resort – Exhibition". Hsresort.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  91. ^ "Through My Window, Photographs by Ahae". Duggal Connect. 22 April 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  92. ^ "Nature Photography Exhibit Opens in Vanderbilt Hall Today". Grand Central Partnership. 29 April 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  93. ^ "Ahae Exhibition Produced by Duggal at Grand Central Terminal". Pdnonline.com. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  94. ^ Furlan, Julia. "New Photo Exhibit by Ahae Opens in Grand Central Station". WNYC. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  95. ^ "Through My Window Solo Exhibition of Photographs by Ahae :: October 2011 :: Art news :: Cassone". Cassone-art.com. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  96. ^ "Artist Ahae Gives Bird's-eye View – Fashion Scoops – Fashion". Women's Wear Daily. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  97. ^ a b Jackson-Stevens, Anna. "The Fourth Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art". 4th.moscowbiennale.ru. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  98. ^ a b Milner, Catherine (2 July 2013). "The Extraordinary within the Ordinary, Versailles – review". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  99. ^ "A window on the extraordinary at Versailles | Art Media Agency". En.artmediaagency.com. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  100. ^ Gosling, Emily (27 June 2012). "The Partners creates identity for Louvre exhibition". Design Week. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  101. ^ "National Gallery displays Korean Ahae's photographs in European premiere". Prague Monitor. Czech News Agency. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  102. ^ "Ahae Press Exhibition, Lancaster House – Event". Thinkeatdrink.co.uk. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  103. ^ Rogers, Mimi Fronczak (10 August 2011). "Ahae: Through My Window — Galleries — Night & Day". The Prague Post. Praguepost.cz. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  104. ^ "Ahae Exhibit | Multimedia". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  105. ^ "Ahae – Through my window" (in Italian). Artribune. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  106. ^ Mariotti, Roberto (11 December 2011). "Arte e Arti – articolo – Through my window al MNAF" (in Italian). Artearti.net. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  107. ^ "Ai Magazzini del Sale di Venezia arriva il fotografo Ahae, terza tappa di un tour di due anni. E un milione e mezzo di fotografie" [The photographer Ahae is coming to Venice's Magazzini del Sale, third leg of a two-year tour. And one-and-a-half million of photos] (in Italian). Exibart.com. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  108. ^ "South Korea's most wanted man". The Chronicle Herald. Thechronicleherald.ca. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  109. ^ Hasquenoph, Bernard (10 June 2014). "Affaire Ahae : je ne suis pas un fantôme, même si Le Monde m'oublie" [The Ahae Case: I'm no phantom, although Le Monde forgets me] (in French). louvrepourtous.fr. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  110. ^ a b c La Communauté alternative des Coréens à Paris [The community of Koreans living in Paris] (12 June 2014). "공개편지 – 프랑스 문화부장관, 전 루브르박물관 관장, 베르사이유궁 대표에게" [Open letter [to] The French Culture Minister, former director of The Louvre, Versailles Palace representative] (in French and Korean). Pariscopain.fr. Retrieved 15 June 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  111. ^ Sumer, Rose (14 November 2012). "Exhibition Designed by NYIT Professor Prepares for 2013 Tour | NYIT". Nyit.edu. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  112. ^ "Le hameau de Courbefy adjugé 520 000 euros à l'artiste Ahae". Le Point (in French). Agence France-Presse. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  113. ^ McCarthy, Michael (8 October 2012). "Ahae Photo Exhibit in Paris". ateliervagabond.com. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  114. ^ Ian Sapiro (16 July 2013). Ilan Eshkeri's Stardust: A Film Score Guide. Scarecrow Press. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-0-8108-9166-1.
  115. ^ "Through My Window: A Tone Poem in Twelve Parts". Ilaneshkeri.com. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  116. ^ "record a symphonic suite with Ilan Eshkeri". LMO. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  117. ^ "Ahae Through My Window (Blu-ray)". Ahaeproducts.com. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  118. ^ "Michael Nyman: Through The Only Window — String Quartet & Piano (Score/Parts) - String Quartet/Piano Chamber Score and Parts — Sheet Music & Songbooks". Musicroom.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  119. ^ "Music Sales Group – The Music Sales Catalogue". Musicsales.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  120. ^ "Michael Nyman Through The Only Window (Music CD) - by Ahae Products". Ahaeproducts.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  121. ^ a b Mathieu, Beatrice (10 June 2014). "Ahae, artiste, gangster... et mécène du Louvre" [Ahae, artist, gangster ... and patron of the Louvre]. L'Express (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  122. ^ a b Hasquenoph, Bernard (29 August 2013). "Ahae à Versailles, le privilège de l'argent" [Ahae at Versailles – the privilege of money] (in French). louvrepourtous.fr. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  123. ^ Kim, Da-ye (23 May 2012). "Yoo family has interacted with famous people". The Korea Times. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  124. ^ "Rapport d'Activité du Fonds de Dotation du Louvre pour 2012" [Activity Report of the Endowment Fund of the Louvre 2012] (PDF) (in French). The Louvre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014. Mécène: Un entrepreneur et artiste coréen AHAE; Montant: 1.1 million d'euros; Affectation: Sans affectation particulière [Patron: A Korean entrepreneur and artist AHAE; Amount: 1.1 million euros; Assignment: No specific allocation]
  125. ^ "AHAE. De ma fenêtre" [AHAE. Through My Window] (PDF) (in French). AHAE.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  126. ^ Desprez, Sonia (25 June 2012). "Le rêve de nature d'Ahae" [Ahae's dream of nature]. A Nous Paris (in French). No. 571. A Nous Paris SAS. p. 24-25. Retrieved 1 June 2014. L'exposition a un coût important. Avez-vous des mécènes? Non. Nous finançons tout avec l'argent de nos différentes sociétés. Nous ne sommes pas intéressés par les pressions extérieures et souhaitons jouir d'une totale liberté.
  127. ^ Pégard, Catherine. "AHAE. The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary". En.chateauversailles.fr. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  128. ^ Chaundy, Bob (10 September 2013). "The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary – Ahae". Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  129. ^ Rinn, Natalie (25 June 2013). "Simple Photos From South Korea Light Up the Grand Galleries of Versailles". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  130. ^ Alberge, Dalya (23 June 2013). "Rich Korean recluse hires the LSO to blow his trumpet". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 1 June 2014. The 70-year-old businessman, known simply as Ahae, has asked Michael Nyman, ... to create a symphony for the occasion. It will be performed at the Orangerie of the Château de Versailles, the 17th-century royal palace, where several hundred of the 2.6m images captured by Ahae will go on display this week. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  131. ^ "News – Nyman Symphony No 6 premiere". Music Sales Classical. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  132. ^ The Music Sales Group. "Michael Nyman Symphony No. 6 "AHAE" Premier". The Music Sales Group. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  133. ^ Bacri, Nicolas. "Biographie En". Nicolasbacri.net. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  134. ^ "Un jardin contemporain pour le bosquet du théâtre d'eau" [A contemporary garden for the Water Theater Grove] (PDF) (in French). Château de Versailles. 28 January 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  135. ^ "Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau – Château de Versailles" (in French). Chateauversailles.fr. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  136. ^ Launet, Eduard (27 March 2013). "Versailles redébusque son bosquet" [Versailles re-flushes its grove]. Libération (in French). Retrieved 17 June 2014. Dernier acteur de cette réinterprétation : le photographe, poète, peintre, entrepreneur, philanthrope (etc.) et mécène coréen Ahae. Ce septuagénaire très choyé par les institutions culturelles françaises a accepté de prendre en charge le coût du nouveau bosquet, soit 1,4 million d'euros. L'an dernier, les photos d'Ahae ont été présentées dans une expo organisée dans le jardin des Tuileries (Libération du 5 August 2012). Elles le seront à nouveau cet été dans l'orangerie de Versailles.
  137. ^ Iribarnegaray, Leah (8 August 2013). "A Versailles, le mécène Ahae se met en scène" [At Versailles, the patron Ahae takes the stage]. Libération (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  138. ^ a b Jacques, Follorou; Mesmer, Philippe (10 June 2014). "Le propriétaire du ferry naufragé, ennemi public à Séoul, ami des musées à Paris" [The owner of the wrecked ferry, public enemy in Seoul, friend of museums in Paris]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  139. ^ Sage, Adam (14 June 2014). "How missing Korean ferry boss fooled the French elite". The Times. Retrieved 16 June 2014. Now Bernard Hasquenoph, the editor of Louvre Pour Tous, a website dedicated to the Louvre, has revealed that Ahae donated €1.1 million (£877,000) to the museum at the time of his exhibition. He then gave €5 million to Versailles. "He turns up with his money and he pays prestigious places to exhibit his work and buys recognition," Mr Hasquenoph said. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  140. ^ "Nature photography in Versailles: Seoulful visions". The Economist. 15 July 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  141. ^ Hasquenoph, Bernard (15 June 2014). "Au Louvre, le naufrage du mécénat" [At the Louvre, the sinking of patronage]. Libération (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  142. ^ Hasquenoph, Bernard (13 June 2014). "Affaire Ahae : les Coréens de France interpellent Aurélie Filippetti" [Ahae Affaire: The Koreans in France challenge Aurélie Filippetti] (in French). louvrepourtous.fr. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  143. ^ "Oui à l'artiste Lee Ufan, non à l'affairiste Ahae" [Yes to the artist Lee Ufan, not the wheeler Ahae]. Association d'amitié franco-coréenne (in French). Amitiefrancecoree.org. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  144. ^ "Le Monde: 'French people criticize Louvre for taking donation from Yoo'". The Dong-a Ilbo. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  145. ^ "Un mécène bien encombrant". Le Journal des Arts (in French) (416). Lejournaldesarts.fr. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  146. ^ "Touché... Coulé... | Atlantes & Cariatides". Atlantesetcariatides.wordpress.com. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  147. ^ a b Hasquenoph, Bernard (3 July 2014). "Ahae annulé au Festival des forêts, la lettre de Laurent Fabius" [Ahae canceled at the Forest Festival, the letter of Laurent Fabius] (in French). louvrepourtous.fr. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  148. ^ a b Gignoux, Sabine (3 July 2014). "Après Compiègne, Laurent Fabius va intervenir à Versailles contre Ahae" [After Compiègne, Laurent Fabius will intervene against Ahae at Versailles]. La Croix (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  149. ^ "Concert de Gala" [Gala Concert] (in French). festivaldesforets.fr. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  150. ^ Guennec, Pierrig (27 May 2014). "Un mécène du Festival des forêts recherché par la police coréenne" [A patron of the Forest Festival sought by the Korean police]. Le Courrier picard (in French). Courrier-picard.fr. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  151. ^ Hasquenoph, Bernard (26 May 2014). "Ahae, mécène d'un concert de gala au Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne" [Ahae patron of a gala concert at the Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne] (in French). louvrepourtous.fr. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  152. ^ "À Compiègne, le mécène plonge le festival dans l'embarras" [At Compiegne, patron plunges the festival into embarrassment]. Courrier picard (in French). 1 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  153. ^ Debes, Vicent (2 July 2014). "COMPIEGNE Le Festival des forêts coupe les ponts avec son mécène" [Compiegne: The Forest Festival cut ties with their patron]. Courrier picard (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  154. ^ Bélingard, Christian (2 July 2014). "Le ministre des Affaires étrangères Laurent Fabius intervient indirectement dans l'affaire Ahae" [The Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius indirectly involved in the Ahae case]. France 3. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  155. ^ "France Wants South Korea Ferry Owner Event Scrapped". NDTV. Agence France-Presse. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  156. ^ "Naufrage en Corée: polémique à Compiègne" [Shipwreck in Korea: Controversy at Compiègne]. Le Figaro (in French). 3 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  157. ^ "Communiqué de presse: Festival des Forêts - Concert du 4 juillet 2014" [Press release: Forest Festival - Concert on 4 July 2014] (PDF) (in French). festivaldesforets.fr. 2 July 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  158. ^ Kim, Yon-se (6 July 2014). "Ferry owner barred from holding French exhibit". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  159. ^ Kim, Sarah; Noh, Jin-ho (8 July 2014). "France moves to call off event with Yoo's work". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  160. ^ Hasquenoph, Bernard (14 May 2014). "La Philharmonie de Paris maintiendra-t-elle une expo Ahae malgré l'affaire du Sewol?" [Will the Philharmonie de Paris still hold an Ahae exhibition despite the Sewol affair?] (in French). louvrepourtous.fr. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  161. ^ 기사입력 (24 May 2014). "파리 필하모니 홈페이지서 '유병언 사진전' 사라진 이유" (in Korean). Biz.heraldcorp.com. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  162. ^ Ojardias, Frédéric (27 April 2014). "Corée, le scandaleux propriétaire du ferry naufragé" [Korea, the outrageous owner of the wrecked ferry]. La Croix (in French). Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  163. ^ Nam, In-soo; Lee, Min-jeong; Kwaak, Jeyup S. (23 April 2014). "South Korea Ferry Probe: Cargo Was Three Times Recommended Maximum". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 June 2014. Chonghaejin's audit report for last year showed the company spent 541,000 won ($521) on crew training, including evacuation drills, as it ran a 2013 operating loss of 785 million won. In comparison, Daea Express Shipping Co., which runs four ferries on the one hour Incheon-Deokjuk island route, spent 11.14 million won on crew training last year. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  164. ^ de Morel, Pierrick (24 April 2014). "Corée du Sud : qui est Yoo Byung-Eun, propriétaire du ferry naufragé?" [South Korea: who is Yoo Byung-Eun, owner of the wrecked ferry?] (in French). Franceinfo.fr. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=User:TeamLFB/sandbox&oldid=1092680255"