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User:Taylordw/sandbox/George Frederick Warren

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George Frederick Warren
Born(1874-02-16)16 February 1874
Harvard, Nebraska
Died24 May 1938(1938-05-24) (aged 64)
Ithaca, New York
EducationB.S., University of Nebraska, 1897
M.S., Agriculture, Cornell, 1904
Ph.D., Cornell, 1905
Occupation(s)Professor, Agricultural economics
Known forAdvisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt
Notable workWholesale Prices for 135 Years, 1797 to 1932 (1932)
Gold and Prices (1935)
SpouseMary Whitson Warren
Parent(s)George Frederick Warren and Julia Calista Stanley Warren

Early life and education

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George Frederick Warren, Jr. was born 16 February 1874 on a small farm in Clay County, Nebraska near the town of Harvard. He was the ninth and last child of George Frederick Warren and Julia Calista Stanley Warren.[1]

Family background

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Inscription on back of photo: "Left to right (all standing): Joseph Allen Warren, Arthur Stanley Warren, Henry Grant Warren, Herbert Franklin Warren. Seated: George F. Warren, Sr., George Frederick Junior, and Julia Calista (Stanley) Warren." Townsend's Studio, Harvard, Nebraska, 28 May 1905.

George Warren, Sr. was born in Bethany, New Haven County, Connecticut in 1830. The Warren family was descendant from Richard Warren, one of the original Pilgrims to have arrived on the Mayflower. In 1849 Warren, Sr. left home to join the California Gold Rush where he worked as a carpenter. Back in Connecticut he worked as a farmhand. Julia Calista Stanley was born in New Britain, Hartford County, Connecticut, also in 1830. They were married in 1853, when they were both 23 years old.[2] With family help the couple bought 320 acres in LaSalle County, Illinois in 1854. They had four children, Arthur (1854), William (1856), Georgeie (1858) and Elizabeth May (1860).

George Warren, Sr. enlisted in the Union Army in September 1861, leaving the farm and children to Julia and hired farmhands. He rose to the rank of first lieutenant and in late 1862 through early 1863 was furloughed to Illinois as a recruiter for the Calvary. In October 1863 he became a first lieutenant in the First Mississippi Colored Cavalry. In October and November of 1863 two sons, William and Georgie, died of diphtheria. Lieutenant Warren resigned at Vicksburg to return to the farm. Four more children were born in Illinois: Henry (1862), Alice (1865), Herbert (1868) and Joseph (1870). The oldest child, Arthur, set out on his own at the age of 13 owing to growing disputes with his father. In 1871 the Warrens sold their farm and moved to the Scranton, Pennsylvania area where they ran a butcher shop.

The Homestead Act of 1862 granted a person 160 acres if they made certain improvements and stayed for five years. In early spring of 1872 George Warren, Sr. left the family behind and took the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad to the end of one of its lines at Harvard, Nebraska. Six miles to the northwest of Harvard George established his 160 acre farm and filed his claim with the county courthouse. Julia followed with the five children in the summer.[3] George Warren, Jr., referred to in the family as Fred, was born two years after the family's arrival in Nebraska.

The Warren family was primarily Republican in accordance with their New England roots. Clay County that was mostly Democratic, but supported the Greenback Party in the 1870s, the Farmers' Alliance in the 1880s and the Populist Party in the 1890s. The Depression of the 1890s hurt frontier farmers and George was the only one of the men in his family not to vote for William Jennings Bryan in the presidential election of 1896.[4]

Education

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In the fall of 1892 Warren began college at the University of Nebraska, Industrial College in Lincoln, 70 miles down the main line of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad from Harvard. Having attended Harvard High School did not meet the requirements for the University of Nebraska, so Warren had to spend a year at their preparatory college. He worked for his landlady and waited tables to pay his expenses.[5]

Warren graduated in Spring of 1897 and spent the next five years moving around Nebraska in a series of teaching and administrative jobs of growing responsibility and income.

Agricultural economics

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What finally convinced Warren and Pearson of a relationship between gold, prices and the Great Depression was the Interim Report of the Gold Delegation of the League of Nations, especially the contribution by Joseph Kitchin.[6] "When we saw that we went to work," Pearson recalled. "We found out we had too little gold supply to support the prices of the twenties."[7]

Advisor to Roosevelt

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Left to right: Henry Morgenthau Jr., Eugene R. Black, George F. Warren, Samuel Rosman and James Harvey Rogers attend as President Roosevelt signs the Gold Reserve Act into law, 30 January 1934

Legacy

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Warren Hall on the Agriculture Quadrangle or Cornell University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, built in 1932

The Warren building on the Agriculture Quadrangle of Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, built in 1932, is named for Professor Warren.

References

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  1. ^ Stanton 2007, p. 1.
  2. ^ Stanton 2007, p. 2.
  3. ^ Stanton 2007, pp. 3–4.
  4. ^ Stanton 2007, p. 9.
  5. ^ Stanton 2007, pp. 9–10.
  6. ^ Kitchin 1930.
  7. ^ Webb 1978, p. 165.

Bibliography

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Works by Warren

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  • Warren, George F. (1909). The Elements of Agriculture. New York: Macmillan.
  • Warren, George F. (1913). Farm Management. New York: Macmillan.
  • Warren, G.F. (9 January 1919). After-the-War Problems in Agriculture (Speech). American Farm Management Association. Baltimore, Md. published as Warren, G.F. (June 1919). "After-the-War Problems in Agriculture". Journal of Farm Economics. 1 (1). Agricultural and Applied Economics Association: 12–23. doi:10.2307/3180209. hdl:2027/osu.32435006242804. JSTOR 3180209.
  • Warren, G.F. (February 1924). "The Agricultural Depression". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 38 (2). Oxford University Press: 183–213. doi:10.2307/1884010. JSTOR 3180209.
  • Warren, G.F.; Pearson, F.A. (1924). The Agricultural Situation: Economic Effects of Fluctuating Prices. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Warren, G.F.; Pearson, F.A. (November 1931). "Prices and Gold". The Farm Journal. LV: 7–8.
  • Warren, George F.; Pearson, Frank A. (1932). Wholesale Prices for 135 Years, 1797 to 1932. Memoir. Vol. 142. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Warren, G.F.; Pearson, F.A. (January 1932). "The Future of the General Price Level". Journal of Farm Economics. 14 (1). Agricultural and Applied Economics Association: 23–46. doi:10.2307/1229718. hdl:2027/coo.31924013871987. JSTOR 1229718.
  • Warren, G.F. (6 December 1932). Stabilization of the Measure of Value (Speech). American Farm Bureau Federation. Chicago, Ill.
  • Warren, George F.; Pearson, Frank A. (1933). Prices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Warren, George F.; Pearson, Frank A. (1935). Gold and Prices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Warren, George F.; Pearson, Frank A. (1937). World Prices and the Building Industry. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Works cited

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  • Best, Gary Dean (2005). Peddling Panaceas: Popular Economists in the New Deal Era. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0288-0.
  • Edwards, Sebastian (2018). American Default: The Untold Story of FDR, the Supreme Court, and the Battle over Gold. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16188-4.
  • Hardy, Charles O. (1935). The Warren-Pearson Price Theory. Brookings Institution Pamphlet Series No. 17. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  • Hardy, Charles O. (1936). Is There Enough Gold?. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  • Kitchin, Joseph (8 September 1930). "Production and Consumption of Gold, Past and Prospective". Interim Report of the Gold Delegation of the Financial Committee. Document No. C. 375. M. 161. 1930. II (Reprint Edition 1979 by Arno Press, Inc. ed.). Geneva: League of Nations. pp. 55–62. ISBN 0-405-11232-7.
  • Pearson, Frank A.; Myers, William I. (February 1957). "The Fact-Finder". Farm Economics (208). Ithaca, N.Y.: Department of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University: 5, 470–5, 516. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  • Pearson, F.A.; Myers, W.I.; Gans, A.R. (December 1957). "Warren as Presidential Adviser" (PDF). Farm Economics (211). Cornell University: 5, 598–5, 676. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  • Rauchway, Eric (2015). The Money Makers: How Roosevelt and Keynes Ended the Depression, Defeated Fascism, and Secured a Prosperous Peace. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-04969-1.
  • Romer, Christina D. (December 1992). "What Ended the Great Depression?". The Journal of Economic History. 52 (4). The Economic History Association: 757–784. doi:10.1017/S002205070001189X. JSTOR 2123226.
  • Spahr, Walter E. (1934). The Monetary Theories of Warren and Pearson. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
  • Stanton, B.F. (1998). "George F. Warren: A Pioneer of Our Profession" (PDF). Choices. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association: 34–37. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  • Stanton, Bernard F. (2007). George F. Warren: Farm Economist. Ithica, N.Y.: Cornell University. hdl:1813/21943.
  • Sumner, Scott (2001). "Roosevelt, Warren, and the Gold-Buying Program of 1933". Research in Economic History. 20: 135–172. doi:10.1016/S0363-3268(01)20005-6. ISBN 0-7623-0837-0.
  • Webb, David Dean (1978). Farmers, Professors and Money: Agriculture and the Battle for Managed Money, 1920-1941 (Ph.D.). University of Oklahoma. OCLC 4770938.
  • Young, C.E. (August 1938). "Obituary: George Frederick Warren". Journal of Farm Economics. 20 (3). Agricultural and Applied Economics Association: 710–712. JSTOR 1231293.
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Category:Agricultural economists Category:American agronomists Category:Cornell University faculty Category:People associated with the New Deal Category:1874 births Category:1938 deaths

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