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This page lists independent reliable reference sources (Encyclopedias/Dictionaries), from mainstream sources, and their use/non-use of Roman Catholic(ism) as their main article/section title for information relating to the Church in communion with the Bishop of Rome.


  1. "Roman Catholicism" Encyclopedia Britannica article.[1]
  2. "Roman Catholic Church" Encarta Encyclopedia: , the largest single Christian body, composed of those Christians who acknowledge the supreme authority of the Bishop of Rome, the pope, in matters of faith.[2]
  3. Roman Catholic Church:"the part of the Christian Church which acknowledges the Pope as its head, especially as it has developed since the Reformation. (It is the largest Christian Church, dominant particularly in South America and southern Europe. Roman Catholicism differs from Protestantism in the importance it grants to tradition, ritual, and the authority of the Pope as successor to the Apostle St Peter, and especially in its doctrines of papal infallibility (formally defined in 1870) and of the Eucharist (transubstantiation), its celibate male priesthood, its emphasis on confession, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary and other saints. Much modern Roman Catholic thought and practice arises from scholastic theology and from the response to the Reformation made by the Council of Trent (1545–63). It became less rigid after the Second Vatican Council (1962–5), but its continuing opposition to divorce, abortion, and artificial contraception remains controversial.)" The Oxford Dictionary of English (revised edition). Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. 17 August 2009 Print edition ISBN: 0198610572, 2005
  4. Roman Catholic Church noun [S] the part of the Christian religion which is ruled by the Pope in Rome. Roman Catholicism noun [U] the beliefs and activities of the Roman Catholic Church. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary: © Cambridge University Press 2009
  5. Roman Catholic Church. Those churches in communion with the Church of Rome, recognizing the leadership of the pope. The word ‘ Catholic’ means ‘universal’, and thus the addition of ‘Roman’ seems to some contradictory, since they regard the Church under the successor of Peter (see PETRINE TEXTS) as the one, universal Church; other Christians (i.e. those who are baptized and ‘honoured by the name of Christian’, Lumen Gentium, 15) are held to be ‘in a certain, although imperfect, communion with the Catholic Church’ (Unitatis redintegratio, 3). To be in complete communion with the Church of Rome is to belong to the Catholic Church. However, the addition of ‘Roman’ has become more common during the recent decades of ecumenicism, not least in recognition of the status of uniate Churches and of other uses of the world ‘Catholic’; ‘Roman Catholic’ is therefore used in this article and throughout the Dictionary......"Roman Catholic Church" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. 17 August 2009, Print edition ISBN: 0192800949, 2003
  6. "Roman Catholic Church" The Christian Church that acknowledges the pope as its head, especially as this has developed since the Reformation . It has an elaborately organized hierarchy of bishops and priests. Popes are traditionally regarded as successors to St Peter, to whom Christ entrusted his power. In doctrine the Roman Catholic Church is characterized by strict adherence to tradition combined with acceptance of the living voice of the Church and belief in its infallibility. The classic definition of its position was made in response to the Reformation at the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 ). A Dictionary of World History. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. 17 August 2009 Print edition ISBN: 9780192807007, 2007
  7. Roman Catholic Church Use Roman Catholic Church in a Sentence –noun the Christian church of which the pope, or bishop of Rome, is the supreme head. Compare Catholic Church. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
  8. Catholic Church, Roman The largest Christian denomination, comprising around 800 million members, which looks to the infallible authority of the Pope in matters of doctrine, and his supreme guidance in all spiritual affairs. In addition to the Scriptures, its structure and ...(From A Dictionary of Contemporary World History in History)
  9. Roman Catholic Church n. The Christian church characterized by an episcopal hierarchy with the pope as its head and belief in seven sacraments and the authority of tradition. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
  10. 2Roman Catholic, Function: adjective, Date: 1614 : of, relating to, or being a Christian church having a hierarchy of priests and bishops under the pope, a liturgy centered in the Mass, veneration of the Virgin Mary and saints, clerical celibacy, and a body of dogma including transubstantiation and papal infallibility: a member of the Roman Catholic Church, Merriam-Webster,
  11. Roman Catholic Church in America had its beginnings in the legendary connection between the Norse discoveries of the New World and the medieval church in Greenland. Its modern history began with the colonization by Spain and France. Permanent dioceses were established in Santo ...(From The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature in Literature Print edition ISBN: 0195047710, 2002)
  12. Roman Catholic Church: n. the Christian Church over which the Pope presides., with administrative headquarters in the Vatican. Also called Catholic church, Church of Rome. (The New Collins English Dictionary, 1990)
  13. Roman Catholic Church : The Roman Catholic Church has been an actor in world affairs for two millennia. The “Christian fact,” a religious community which quickly assumed an institutional status, posed a double challenge to the Graeco-Roman world. First, the church's claim on ...(From The Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World in Politics & Social Sciences)
  14. Roman Catholic Church see Catholic Church .From The Australian Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses, Print edition ISBN: 0195517962, First published 1999. Reprinted 2002. Second edition published 2004,Copyright: © Oxford University Press 1999, 2004
  15. Catholic Church: the branch of the Christian Church which acknowledges the Bishop of Rome as its head, especially as it has developed since the Reformation. It is the largest Church of Western Christianity, dominant particularly in South America and southern Europe. ...From The Australian Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses, see prev entry for pub info
  16. Roman Catholic Church n. the part of the Christian Church which acknowledges the Pope as its head, especially as it has developed since the Reformation. (From The Concise Oxford English Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses,Twelfth edition, Print edition ISBN: 9780199548415, 2008 )
  17. Catholic Church n. short for Roman Catholic Church .(From The New Oxford American Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses, Second edition, Print edition ISBN: 0195170776, First published 2001.Copyright: © Oxford University Press 2001, 2006
  18. Roman Catholic Church: the part of the Christian Church that acknowledges the pope as its head, esp. as it has developed since the Reformation.(From The New Oxford American Dictionary in English Dictionaries & Thesauruses, see prev entry for pub details)
  19. Merriam-Webster, Main Entry: cath·o·lic, Pronunciation: \ˈkath-lik, ˈka-thə-\Function: adjective, Etymology: Middle English catholik, from Middle French & Late Latin; Middle French catholique, from Late Latin catholicus, from Greek katholikos universal, general, from katholou in general, from kata by + holos whole — more at cata-, safe, Date: 14th century 1 a often capitalized : of, relating to, or forming the church universal b often capitalized : of, relating to, or forming the ancient undivided Christian church or a church claiming historical continuity from it c capitalized : roman catholic
  20. Roman Catholic, RC, belonging or relating to the part of the Christian religion whose leader is the Pope [= Catholic]: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
  21. Cultural Dictionary Catholic Church: A common abbreviation for the name of the Roman Catholic Church. (The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition, Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.)
  22. Roman Catholic Church: main article "The branch of Christianity headed by the pope. The Roman Catholic Church is governed by a hierarchy with the pope at the top and, at the lower levels, bishops and priests. The sacraments of Communion and confession are especially important in the Roman Catholic Church;.."(2002). In The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved September 03, 2009 online
  23. Roman Catholic Church see Catholic Church entry which then refers to Roman Catholic Church. From The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary in English Dictionaries; Thesauruses, Print edition ISBN: 0195584511, 2005, © Oxford University Press 2005
  24. Catholic Church is the denomination of Western Christianity in communion with the Pope that traces its faith in Jesus Christ to the community formed around the apostles. Since the European Reformation of the sixteenth century, it has commonly been referred to as the Roman Catholic Church, as if defined by papal allegiance, but for Catholics themselves the adjective Roman was a disparaging qualifier of the church's claim to unique status as ‘the one true faith’.(Katharine Massam "Catholic Church" The Oxford Companion to Australian History. Ed. Graeme Davison, John Hirst and Stuart Macintyre. Oxford University Press, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. 17 August 2009)
  25. Roman Catholic: adj. recognizing the spiritual supremacy of the Pope or Bishop of Rome. Roman Catholcism: n. the doctrines and polity of the Roman Catholic Church.; catholic (with Cap) belonging to the Christian Church before the great schism between east and west, or to any church claiming to be historically related to it......Chambers Dictionary 9th Edition, 2003. Taam (talk) 09:55, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
  26. Catholic Church, Roman: main article, Encyclopedia America 1996, p.24 User Nancy Heisse asserts latest edition uses "Catholic Church"
  27. Roman Catholic Church main article. Penguin Concise Encylopedia, 2003
  28. Roman Catholic Church main article, Encarta Dictionary 1999
  29. Roman Catholicism main article, Hutchison Encyclopaedia Millennium Edition
  30. Roman Catholic Church main article, Guiness Encyclopedia, 1995
  31. Roman Catholic Church main article, Pears Encyclopedia 2008-2009
  32. Roman Catholic Church main article, "...Roman Catholic Church to be characterized by rigid adherence to doctrinal tradition from the 16th... the Mass or Eucharist. Since the Second Vatican Council (1962-65), the Roman Catholic Church has.."Philips Encyclopedia 2008,
  33. Roman Catholic Church main article, Penguin Concise Dictionary 2007
  34. Roman Catholicism main article, Hutchison Softback Encylopedia 1996
  35. Roman Catholic Church: "Christian church headed by the pope, the bishop of Rome (see papacy and Peter, Saint). Its commonest title in official use is Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. "Roman Catholic" is a 19th-century British coinage and merely serves to distinguish that church from other churches that are "Catholic" (see catholic church). The term "Roman Church," when used officially, means only the archdiocese of Rome. Roman Catholics may be simply defined as Christians in communion with the pope..." Columbia Encyclopedia on-line, accessed 29 August 2009
  36. Catholic church: 1 As in the Apostles’ Creed, the universal Church which confesses Jesus Christ as Lord. 2 Christian Churches with episcopal order and confessing ancient creeds. 3 Specifically, the Roman Catholic Church and other Churches recognizing the primacy of the Pope, as distinct from Protestant and Orthodox Churches. Crystal Encyclopedia on-line accessed 29 August 2009
  37. Roman Catholicism: "The doctrine, worship, and life of the Roman Catholic Church (over 1080 million members worldwide in 2005). A direct line of succession is claimed from the earliest Christian communities, centring on the city of Rome, where St Peter (claimed as the first bishop of Rome) was martyred and St Paul witnessed..." Crystal Encyclopedia on-line accessed 29 Aug 2009
  38. Catholic Church: "The whole body of the Christian church, though usually referring to the Roman Catholic Church (see Roman Catholicism)." Hutchison Unabridged Encyclopedia on-line, accessed 29 August 2009
  39. Roman Catholicism: "One of the main divisions of the Christian religion, separate from the Eastern Orthodox Church from 1054. It is headed by the pope, who traces his authority back through St Peter (the first bishop of Rome) to Jesus, through apostolic succession. Its headquarters are in the Vatican City State, in Rome. Membership is concentrated in southern Europe, Latin America, and the Philippines. In 2000 Rome reported the number of baptized Roman Catholics to be 1.045 billion, more than half the Christians in the world. The present pope is Benedict XVI, from 2005..." Hutchison Unabridged Encyclopedia on-line, accessed 29 August 2009
  40. Roman Catholic Church: "The Christian Church of which the pope is the temporal leader (See papacy). After the schism with the Eastern Orthodox Churches (1054; See East-West Schism), Roman Catholicism was the..." MacMillan Encyclopedia on-line, accessed 29 August 2009.
  41. Catholic Church: "Term used in Christianity with one of several connotations: (1) It is the Universal Church, as distinct from local Churches. (2) It means the Church holding 'orthodox' doctrines, defined by St Vincent of Lérins as doctrines held "everywhere, always, and by all" - in this sense the term is used to distinguish the church from heretical bodies. (3) It is the undivided Church as it existed before the schism of East and West in 1054. Following this, the Western Church called itself 'Catholic', the Eastern Church 'Orthodox'. (4) Since the Reformation, the term has usually been used to denote the Roman Catholic Church, although the Anglican Communion and the Old Catholics use it for themselves as well." Philips Encyclopedia online, accessed 29 August 2009
  42. Roman Catholic Church: "Christian denomination that acknowledges the supremacy of the Pope (see papacy; Papal infallibility). An important aspect of doctrine is the primacy given to the Virgin Mary, whom Roman Catholics believe to be the only human being born without sin (Immaculate Conception). Before the Reformation in the 16th century, the 'Catholic Church' applied to the Western Church as a whole, as distinguished from the Eastern Orthodox Church based at Constantinople..." Philips Encyclopedia online, accessed 29 August 2009
  43. Catholic Church: "1. the universal Christian Church; the entire body of Christians. 2. Ecclesiastical History a. the ancient, undivided Christian Church before separation into the Eastern and Western Churches. b. after the separation, the Western Church. 3. Also, Roman Catholic Church the Christian Church of which the pope is the supreme head; since the Reformation claiming Catholic Church as a title exclusive to itself, based on its claim of continuity with the ancient, undivided Church." See Catholic, 1a 4. any of several other Churches, claiming continuity with the ancient, undivided Church." MacQuarie Dictionary online, accessed 29 August 2009.
  44. Roman Catholic Church: "The Christian church characterized by an episcopal hierarchy with the pope as its head and belief in seven sacraments and the authority of tradition."; Catholic Church (noun): Roman Catholic Church; The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language online, accessed 29 August 2009
  45. Roman Catholic Church: "a Christian episcopal church headed by the pope, who is Bishop of Rome, and having a hierarchy of priests and bishops under the pope, a form of service centred on the Mass, and a body of dogma formulated by the Church as the interpreter of revealed truth." The Penguin Dictionary online, accessed 29 August 2009
  46. Roman Catholic: "adjective (1614) : of, relating to, or being a Christian church having a hierarchy of priests and bishops under the pope, a liturgy centered in the Mass, veneration of the Virgin Mary and saints, clerical celibacy, and a body of dogma including transubstantiation and papal infallibility." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary, online, accessed 29 August 2009.
  47. Roman Catholic: "adjective belonging or relating to the Roman Catholic Church, the Christian church which recognizes the pope as its head. noun a member of this church. Often shortened to Catholic.Derivative Roman Catholicism noun the doctrines, worship and life of the Roman Catholic Church.". Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, © Chambers Harrap Publishers Limited 2009 Online, accessed 29 August 2009.
  48. Catholicism, index entry, Cambridge Encyclopedia of China, 1982, ISBN 0 521 35594X
  49. Catholicism in heading but Roman Catholic Church in text, p. 63, Cambridge Encylopedia of Russia and the Former Soviet Union, 1994, ISBN 0521 35593 1
  50. Roman Catholic Church, index entry, Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 1988, ISBN 0 521 32190 5
  51. Roman Catholic Church, index entry refers to Catholic Church on p. 93 but uses Roman Catholic Church in article text, Cambridge Encylopedia of Australia, 1994, ISBN 0 521 36511 2
  52. Roman Catholics, Encylopedia of Britain (B. Gasgoine), McMillan , 1985, ISBN 0 3333 54764 0
  53. Roman Catholic, Roman Catholicism, index entry, Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of great Britain and Ireland, 1985, ISBN 0 521 255559 7
  54. Roman Catholic Church in Scotland, main article, Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland, HarperCollins, 2000, ISBN 0 00 710353 0
  55. Roman Catholic Church, main article, Colliers Encyclopedia vol 20 of 24, 1993, Lib cong 93 71218
  56. Roman Catholic Church, main article, Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia vol 16 of 21, ISBN 0 7172 2054 0
  57. Roman Catholic Church, main article, World Book Encyclopedia 2001, vol 16 of 22, ISBN 0 7166 0101X
  58. Roman Catholicism, Hutchisons Unabridged Encyclopedia, vol 6 of 8, Helicon, 1995, ISBN 1 85986 027 3
  59. Roman Catholicism, main article, Second Edition Cambridge Encyclopedia, 1994, ISBN 0 521 44429 2
  60. Roman Catholic Church, index entry, Chambers Encyclopedia, 2001, ISBN 0 550 130012
  61. Roman Catholic Church, index entry, Chambers Book of Facts, 2005, ISBN 0550 101373
  62. Roman Catholicism, main entry, Hutchison Fact Finder, 1999, ISBN 1 85986278 0
  63. Roman Catholic Church: Christian denomination that acknowledges the supremacy of the Pope ( see papacy ; Papal infallibility ). An important aspect of doctrine is the primacy given to the Virgin Mary , whom Roman Catholics believe to be the only human being born without sin", From World Encyclopedia, Print edition ISBN: 0540084395, Copyright: © Philip's Ltd 2008
  64. Roman Catholic church: "Christian church based in Rome under the leadership of the papacy, traditionally founded by St Peter in the 1st century AD. It survived Roman persecution to become the official religion of western and central Europe by the end of the Middle Ages.", Andromeda Encyclopedic Dictionary of World History, © Andromeda 2001, retrieved 3 Sept 2009 online
  65. CATHOLICISM: "In the early years of the nineteenth century, Roman Catholicism occupied a very marginal position on the American religious landscape. In 1800 Catholics numbered only about forty-seven thousand and were concentrated in the border states of Maryland and Kentucky with growing communities in New York and Philadelphia..", (2000). In Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Farmington, MI: Gale. Retrieved September 03, 2009,
  66. Roman Catholicism, index entry, Penguin Dictionary of Religion, 1984, ISBN 0713915145
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First page of Google Book Search for "Catholic Church" 31 August 2009.

  1. Compendium of the social doctrine of the Church‎ by Catholic Church - Religion - 2005 - 494 pages [R.C.C Publication]
  2. How the Catholic Church built Western civilization‎ by Thomas E. Woods - Religion - 2005 - 280 pages [R.c Author]
  3. The Catholic Church: a short history‎ by Hans Küng, John Bowden - Religion - 2003 - 230 pages [R.C Author]
  4. Catechism of the Catholic Church‎ Religion - 2002 - 778 pages [R.C.C publication]
  5. The Catholic Church‎ by Barrie Ruth Straus - Religion - 1987 - 209 pages [?]
  6. The Catholic Church: the United States experience : a symposium jointly ...‎by Irene Woodward, Holy Names College (Oakland, Calif.), Prospective International - Religion - 1979 - 134 pages [R.C.C Publisher]
  7. The Catholic Church: a brief history‎ by Alfred Läpple - Religion - 1985 - 109 pages [R.C.C Publisher]
  8. Companion to the Catechism of the Catholic Church: A Compendium of Texts ...‎ [R.C.c publisher] by Ignatius - Religion - 1993 - 975 pages
  9. Compendium Catechism of the Catholic Church‎ by Benedict XVI - Religion - 2005 - 204 pages [R.C.C Publisher]
  10. The Catholic Church and social change in Nicaragua‎ - by Manzar Foroohar - Religion - 1989 - 262 pages[?]


Analysis

  1. Books published by the Roman Catholic Church=2
  2. Books published by Roman Catholic Publishers=4
  3. Books published by Roman Catholic Authors=2
  4. Books published whose religious affiliations are not known=2

Conclusion: Unweighted-unfiltered Google by itself is not a suitable citation for proving what the academic consensus is re the name used in neutral reference works. It is clear from the search results they, in the the main, come from non-neutral sources. To use Google means delving into original research whereas good scholarly practice is to use reliable printed non-partisan reference sources. Google is not a substitute for independent academic sources.See also[3]

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