User:Svadhisthana/Electric shock sensations
Notes
[edit]Terminology and Classification
[edit]- Of the terms "brain zaps," "brain shivers," and "electric shock sensations," the last is found most frequently in credible sources.
- Electric shock sensations are often referred to in medical literature as co-occurring with, or a type of paresthesia. Other sources have related them to Lhermitte's sign, a form of dysesthesia.
- Documents referring to it as a type of paresthesia are either old, or, in at least once case I've seen, used when pointing out how inaccurate such a label was. It really has nothing to do with paresthesia, the description simply fit best for physicians who did not have much experience with the phenomenon. I strongly urge you to take into account only the most recent published information on this, as it's only been about 15 years that it's even really been known about and yet our understanding has evolved. At the very least, clarify that the phenomenon is sometimes labeled paresthesia mostly as a matter of convenience than any sort of biological similarity. Emjaymj (talk) 05:01, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
Conditions
[edit]- Multiple sclerosis
- Neuropathic pain
- Epileptic seizures
- Spinal disc herniation
- Rheumatoid cervical myelopathy
- Spinal epidural abscess
- Alveolar, lingual, or mental nerve block
- Reflex-sensitive spinal segmental myoclonus
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Drug related
- SSRI/SNRI discontinuation syndrome: Sertraline (Zoloft), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluoxetine (Prozac), Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
- Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome: Clonazepam (Klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan), Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Side-effects (not withdrawal): Buspirone (Buspar)
Procedures
[edit]- Electroporation Therapy
- Occipital nerve stimulation (see also Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator)
- Cervical spine surgery (see also Neurosurgery and ICD-9-CM Volume 3#(01-05) Operations on the nervous system)
- Cutaneous electrosurgery
Sources
[edit]- Subscription Journals: Check JSTOR and Wilson. What other academic or medical journals do I have access to?
- Free Journals (Searches: [1] [2] [3])
- Original "Brain zaps" Sources
- ^ a b Aronson J (8 October 2005). "Bottled lightning". BMJ 331: 824. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7520.824.
- ^ a b c Christmas MB (2005). "'Brain shivers': from chat room to clinic". Psychiatric Bulletin 29: 219–21. doi:10.1192/pb.29.6.219.
- ^ a b Medawar C, Herxheimer A (2003/2004). "A comparison of adverse drug reaction reports from professionals and users, relating to risk of dependence and suicidal behaviour with paroxetine" (PDF reprint). International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 16.
- ^ Warner CH, Bobo W, Warner C, Reid S, Rachal J (August 2006). "Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome". Am Fam Physician 74 (3): 449–56. PMID 16913164.
- ^ Young AH, Currie A (1997). "Physicians' knowledge of antidepressant withdrawal effects: a survey". J Clin Psychiatry 58 Suppl 7: 28–30. PMID 9219491.
- Other Resources
- http://www.medpedia.com (upcoming)
Verifiable
[edit]- http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7520/824
- http://64.233.179.104/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=off&q=cache:2Xs9-8ZJ91kJ:100ans.cda-adc.ca/jadc/vol-72/issue-6/559.pdf+%22electric+shock+sensations%22
- http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1947963
- http://www.medlink.com/medlinkcontent.asp
Possibly/Indirectly Verifiable
[edit]- http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/DS00188/DSECTION=symptoms
- http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/herniateddisk/a/ruptureddisk.htm
- http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Brain-zaps