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Phosphate Buffer Saline, PBS For 1 litre of 1X PBS, prepare as follows

Standard PBS Phosphate-buffered saline (abbreviated PBS) is a buffer solution commonly used in biological research. This buffer helps to maintain a constant pH. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solutions match those of the human body (isotonic). There are many different ways to prepare PBS solutions (one of them is by adding all these salts to distilled water:  Start with 800 ml of distilled water:  Add 8.007 g of Sodium Chloride- NaCl (MW=58.443g) =137mM  Add 0.201 g of Potassium Chloride- KCl. (MW=74.552g) =2.70mM  Add 1.44 g of Na2HPO4. (MW=141.959g) =10.0mM  Add 0.245 g of – KH2PO4.(MW=136.086g) =1.80mM  Adjust the pH to 7.4 with hydrochloric acid-HCl.  Add distilled water to a total volume of 1 litre. Some formulations contain potassium and magnesium, while other ones contain calcium and/or magnesium in the form of salts as • Calcium chloride-CaCl2.2H2O --------0.133g • Magnesium chloride-MgCl2.6H2O --------0.102g

DPBS, or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, which has the same constituents as that of standard PBS but the only difference is that it has a lower phosphate concentration than standard PBS.  Start with 800 ml of distilled water:  Add 8.007 g of Sodium Chloride- NaCl.............  Add 0.201 g of Potassium Chloride- KCl...........  Add 1.150 g of Na2HPO4........................................................... 8.10mM  Add 0.200 g of Potassium dihydrogen phosphate-KH2PO4...1.47mM  Adjust the pH to 7.4 with hydrochloric acid-HCl.  Add distilled water to a total volume of 1 litre. • Calcium chloride-CaCl2.2H2O --------0.133g • Magnesium chloride-MgCl2.6H2O --------0.102g Both these buffers provide a stable pH in between 7.2 and 7.9 Both can be stored at the room temperature.