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Coordinates: 52°21′19″N 4°54′41″E / 52.35528°N 4.91139°E / 52.35528; 4.91139
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Wibautstraat
General information
LocationWibautstraat, Amsterdam
Netherlands
Coordinates52°21′19″N 4°54′41″E / 52.35528°N 4.91139°E / 52.35528; 4.91139
Owned byGVB
Line(s)51, 53, 54 (Metro)
Platforms1
Tracks2
ConnectionsMainline rail interchange GVB tram: 3
Bus transport GVB bus: N85, N86 (night)
Other information
Fare zone5700 (Centrum)
History
Opened16 October 1977
Services
Preceding station Amsterdam Metro Following station
Weesperplein
towards Centraal Station
 Line 51 Station Amstel
towards Isolatorweg
Line 53 Station Amstel
towards Gaasperplas
Line 54 Station Amstel
towards Gein

Wibautstraat is an underground metro station in the city centre of Amsterdam, Netherlands. Served by metro lines 51, 53 and 54 of the Amsterdam Metro, the station was constructed with the cut-and-cover method. It was opened on 16 October 1977. The station consists of two station halls with two entrances each. The 155-metre-long (509 ft) island platform is between the two halls. The station was renovated in 2010 and 2018.

The five pieces of artwork inside the station created by a cartoonist refer to three major Dutch newspapers—de Volkskrant, Het Parool and Trouw—that had their offices at Wibautstraat and are considered to have cultural and historical value after the newspapers left the street to different locations.

Layout

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The station was designed by two architects from the Government of Amsterdam: Ben Spängberg and Sier van Rhijn [nl].[1] The station is located under the street which shares its name, next to a town square.[2] There are two station halls 4 metres (13 ft) below surface, with a 155-metre-long (509 ft) island platform between them located 8 metres (26 ft) below surface.[3] It has two entrances for the northern hall and two for the southern hall, with only the northern ones having elevators.[4] Entrances of station were designed to be as small as possible due to protests against the metro in Amsterdam.[5] The track between Wibautstraat and Amstel station is 725 metres (2,379 ft) long. 450 metres (1,480 ft) after leaving Wibautstraat, the metros leave the tunnel and come above ground.[6] The station can be converted into a fallout shelter housing up to 3,000 people should it be necessary.[7]

History

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Background

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The Bureau Stadsspoor (City Rail Bureau) was formed in 1963 following a 1960 report and concluded that Amsterdam needed a new rail system to move large numbers of people. The bureau released five reports by 1966 and laid out a final plan for a total of four metro lines in the city, which was presented to the public in the same year during a press conference by alderman Roel de Wit.[8] The plan included two East–West lines;[9] Wibautstraat, originally named Oosterparkstraat in the report, was located on the line from Bijlmermeer to Osdorp via Amsterdam Centraal.[10] The municipal council and the mayor of Amsterdam came together in April 1968 to debate on the metro. A month later, the council approved the plans based on the advice of the bureau and reserved 5 million Dutch guilder for the design of the eastern branches of the two East–West lines, which was the first phase of the project.[8] Expectations were that the lines would be running within five years and that the total cost would be around 250 million guilder.[9]

Construction and opening

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Further information: Amsterdam Metro § Design and construction
A metro during a test ride
People on the platform before its opening
Photos taken during open days prior to opening, in February 1977 (left) and in April (right).

Most underground areas of the Amsterdam Metro were constructed by using 40-metre-long (130 ft) caissons.[11] However, different from other stations, Wibautstraat station and the tunnels near it were constructed with the cut-and-cover method. The tunnel walls were created underground and immediately topped with a roof, allowing the roads above to be reconstructed again. This was done to relieve the busy traffic above the street. The soil below the roof was later excavated and the tunnel floor poured.[12]

A metro was first rolled into the underground tunnels on 25 January 1977.[13] Prior to public opening, journalists and members of the municipality council were given a ride from Amsterdam Amstel to Weesperplein.[14]: 0:30–0:38  The regular metro operations were tested with 100 personnel in September 1977.[14]: 1:45–1:51  The metro line, including Wibautstraat, opened to the public on 16 October.[15]

A lot of raw concrete was visible in the original brutalist architecture of the East Line stations.[16] Most of the concrete in underground stations was later painted over with light coloured anti-graffiti coating in order to prevent vandalism.[17]

Later developments

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The paygates and one of the station halls
The northern entrance after renovation

In 1990, a tram-metro hybrid named sneltram (high-speed tram) started operations as line 51. Using special trains, the metro line would convert into a high-speed tram line at Amstelveen and run alongside regular trams.[18] A 2006 study on the fire safety of the Amsterdam Metro showed that in case of a fire at Wibautstraat, only 700 of the 1,700 people inside could safely escape.[19] The station was temporarily closed as a result of these fire safety concerns.[20][21]

In April 2017, the GVB started to play music through the speakers of underground metro stations as a test. The type of music would depend on the time of day: slow and calming music during rush hours, and energetic music during the afternoon.[22]

Stations on the East Line which were of poor quality were renovated in 2010. Another renovation of the stations was finished in 2018. The small entrances of the original design were enlarged. Voids with windows were created to allow daylight into the station. It was also intended to create a larger space above the stairs from the station halls to the platform, but this idea was called off when scans showed pipes and cables in the area.[23] Walls were given smooth curves to "guide" passengers.[24] Prior to the second renovation, the station was commonly used by drug addicts.[25] The station and its surroundings, including the square above, have had trouble with drug addicts "for years", making the area feel unsafe for locals and passengers.[2]

Artwork

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In the 1970s, three major Dutch newspapers—de Volkskrant, Het Parool and Trouw—had their offices at Wibautstraat. Rob Wout [af; de; nl] (pseudonym: Opland), a cartoonist for De Groene Amsterdammer and de Volkskrant, was asked to make "something journalistic" as artwork for the station.[26]

A section of the platform wall with the letters spelling "Pers", Dutch for press

Opland created five artworks for the station that together form a whole piece. The letters on the platform walls are "falling" on the pages of a newspaper. One of the concrete pillars on the platform has the front pages of newspapers visible and acts like matrixes.[26] Above the staircase from the northern hall leading to the platform are headlines of international newspapers, while above the staircase from the southern hall there is a photograph of a nineteenth-century street repeating itself eight times to create an abstract image.[27] There are schematic drawings of printing presses in a void above the track, which are reminiscent of the cartoons for which the artist was known.[26] Despite the relocation of all three newspapers that inspired the artwork, it remains and is considered to have cultural and historical value.[28]

In February 2017, an unofficial portrait of Eberhard van der Laan, then Mayor of Amsterdam, was painted near one of the entrances of the station after it was announced that he had an illness. GVB said that the portrait was allowed to stay, but it was accidentally removed a month later by a cleaner who was unaware of the exception made for the artwork.[29] It was decided to not repaint the portrait.[30]

Services

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The station is served by metro lines 51, 53 and 54. Northbound, all three lines use the same track and end at Amsterdam Centraal. Southbound, M53 ends at Gaasperplas, while M54 ends at Gein. M51 used to serve the Amstelveen suburb by heading south after Amsterdam Zuid station and ended at Westwijk.[31] The section after Zuid was closed in 2019 and replaced by a tramline.[18] M51 now continues westbound after Zuid and ends at Isolatorweg.[32] A tram stop near the entrance shares the same name as the metro station and is served by tram line 3 during the day.[33] At night, night buses N85 and N86 stop near the station.[34]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Margreet Bosma (13 November 2012). "Twaalf jaar lang aan de ontwerptafel van de Oostlijn– deel 2" [12 years on the drawing board of the East Line– part 2]. Wij Nemen Je Mee (in Dutch). Government of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b Flip Linssen (3 July 2022). "Jarenlange drugsoverlast op pleintje Wibautstraat: "Het is on-Amsterdams geworden"". AT5 (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  3. ^ den Boer & Mertens 2006, p. 26.
  4. ^ "Wibautstraat" (PDF). GVB. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  5. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, p. 134.
  6. ^ Joustra 2011, p. 22.
  7. ^ Marc Kruyswijk (19 March 2022). "'Niet bestand tegen een voltreffer': dit zijn de Amsterdamse schuilkelders uit de Koude Oorlog". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  8. ^ a b Ouwendijk 1977, pp. 12–13.
  9. ^ a b Bureau Voorlichting van de Gemeente Amsterdam 1968, p. 1.
  10. ^ Bureau Voorlichting van de Gemeente Amsterdam 1968, p. 6.
  11. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 27.
  12. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 28.
  13. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 18.
  14. ^ a b "Amsterdamse Metro voor het eerst ondergronds" [Amsterdam metro underground for the first time]. Polygoon (in Dutch). 1977. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022 – via Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision on YouTube.
  15. ^ Manenschijn, Smit & Beens 2007, p. 17.
  16. ^ Bob Witman (31 May 2023). "Ruwe bolsters in de Nederlandse polder: het brutalisme is populairder dan ooit" [Rough husks in the Dutch polder: brutalism is more popular than ever]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  17. ^ Tim Verlaan (29 April 2010). "Stadsgezichten: Metro oostlijn" [City sights: Metro East Line]. Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  18. ^ a b Quintus Vosman (5 March 2019). "Dutch start reconstruction of Amstelveen LRT". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  19. ^ de Ridder 2016, p. 18.
  20. ^ Bas Blokker (27 January 2016). "Zelfs de oude metro is een probleem voor Amsterdam". NRC (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  21. ^ van Vollenhoven 2000, p. 16.
  22. ^ "Proef met muziek op metrostations". Het Parool (in Dutch). 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  23. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, pp. 138–139.
  24. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, p. 138.
  25. ^ Marc Kruyswijk (13 December 2018). "De Oostlijn is niet meer het lelijke eendje van de metro". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  26. ^ a b c "De krant in vijf kunstwerken". Metrokunst (in Dutch). Government of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  27. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 52.
  28. ^ Edo Dijksterhuis (23 March 2017). "Kunst in de Noord/Zuidlijn moet minstens 30 jaar mee". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  29. ^ David van Unen and Jasper Piersma (10 March 2017). "Kunstwerk Van der Laan op Wibautstraat per ongeluk verwijderd". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  30. ^ "Van der Laan-piece maakt kans op Dutch Street Art Award". Het Parool (in Dutch). 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  31. ^ Manenschijn, Smit & Beens 2007, p. 29.
  32. ^ "Metro 51". GVB (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  33. ^ "Tramstop Wibautstraat". GVB (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  34. ^ "Halte Wibautstraat". GVB (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.

Bibliography

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