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Major Cowling
Born(1831-01-18)18 January 1831
Pateley Bridge, North Yorkshire, England
Died14 July 1866(1866-07-14) (aged 35)
Knaresborough, North Yorkshire
Resting placeGrove Road Cemetery, Harrogate
Known forMonumental masonry
Childreneight
Signature

Background

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Cowling came from an old Pateley Bridge family in Yorkshire.[nb 1] His grandfather was Thomas Cowling,[nb 2][1][2] and his paternal grandmother was Ann Cowling née Swainston.[nb 3][2] They married on 7 April 1788.[3] Cowling's father was stonemason George Cowling, who was born in Pateley Bridge, and had died by 1834, before Cowling was three years old.[nb 4][4][2] His mother was Mary Cowling née Kaberry.[nb 5][4][5]

Major Cowling was born on 18 January 1831 in Pateley Bridge, and baptised on 28 March 1834 at Christ Church, Harrogate.[4][5] He had an elder brother, national school master George Cowling.[nb 6][6] The 1841 census finds Cowling living with his mother in Chapel Street, Harrogate, with three female lodgers who are straw bonnet makers.[7] By 1851, Cowling and his mother were living on their own in Foster's Yard, Harrogate The census records his mother as a charwoman, and Cowling as a sculptor.[8]

Cowling married Elizabeth Thackwray, daughter of Thomas Thackwray, a carriage proprietor of Low Harrogate.[9] They married in St Robert's Church, Pannal,, on 29 March 1855.[nb 7][9] They had eight children.[nb 8] One of their sons was Major Cowling junior who died in childhood,[nb 9] and one of their daughters was Margaret Jerram née Cowling.[nb 10][10][11]

Cowling died of pleurisy, pneumonia and exhaustion, (a potential sign of occupational silicosis),[12][13] on 14 July 1866, at Pit Villa, Low Harrogate; in the presence of his wife Elizabeth.[nb 11] After Cowling died, his wife Elizabeth became a lodging house keeper with six of her children still as dependants.[14]

Career

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Cowling was a mason and master sculptor.[nb 12][15]

Cowling was gazetted for bankruptcy in 1863.[16][17]

Works

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Font, Former St Mary's Church, Low Harrogate, 1865–1866

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Main article: St Mary's Church, Harrogate
Old St Mary's Church

Between April 1865 and March 1866, Cowling carved a caen stone font to a "beautiful" design by architect Richard Dyson,[nb 13] for Old St Mary's Church, Low Harrogate, which was built in 1822.[18] The font was funded by Mary Smith, the wife of John Smith of Belvedere, Victoria Avenue. The font apparently had a wooden component (possibly the lid), because the joiner Mr Topham assisted in the construction. This was part of an enlargement, alteration and improvement to the design of the same architect, in which a new chancel was built, and the roof redesigned. Added fittings included a new pulpit by an unnamed artist.[19] The 1822 building was closed in 1903 due to structural defects,[20] and its materials were later rebuilt as the chapel of Harrogate Ladies' College, the foundation stone being laid in 1923.[21]

Notes

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  1. ^ Cowling's great-great grandfather, Johannes Cowling (1688–1740), was from Bishopside, Pateley Bridge. Before 1866, Bishopside was a township in its own right. Cowling's great grandfather was John Cowling (Bishopside, Pateley Bridge 1711 – Bishopside, Pateley Bridge 1783). His paternal great grandmother was Jane Cowling (1718 – Pateley Bridge 1739), also from Pateley Bridge.
  2. ^ Thomas Cowling (1746 – Pateley Bridge 15 December 1833).
  3. ^ Ann Cowling née Swainston (1753–1846). GRO index: Deaths Jun 1846 Cowling Ann Pateley Bridge 23 387.
  4. ^ George Cowling (Pateley Bridge 1794 – before 1834). He was baptised in Pateley Bridge on 6 March 1794.
  5. ^ Mary Cowling née Kaberry (Pateley Bridge c.1794 – Knaresborough 30 January 1876). GRO index: Deaths Mar 1876 Cowling Mary 82 Knaresbro' 9a 82. Her dates are on Cowling's gravestone.
  6. ^ George Cowling (1817–1853).
  7. ^ Elizabeth Cowling née Thackwray (Pannal c.1836 – Bournemouth 16 February 1912). GRO index: Marriages Mar 1855 Cowling Major and Thackwray Elizabeth, Knaresboro' 9a 109. Deaths Mar 1912 Cowling Elizabeth 76 Christchurch 2b 953. Her dates are on Cowling's gravestone. The marriage certificate says: Pannal Parish Church (St Robert's), 29 March 1855. Major Cowling, sculptor of High Harrogate, his father deceased, a stone mason. Elizabeth Thackwray, 19, spinster of Low Harrogate, father Thomas Thackwray, carriage proprietor. Both were literate, having signed the marriage certificate.
  8. ^ Cowling's children were George (born 1855), Margaret (born 1857), Major (1858–1867), Alice (born 1860), Mary, (born 1861) Minnie (born 1862), Annie. (born 1865) and Thomas (born 1866, the year in which his father died).
  9. ^ Major Cowling junior (1858 – 25 February 1867). GRO index: Births Sep 1858 Cowling Major Knaresbro' 9a 108. Deaths Mar 1867 Cowling Major 7 Knaresbro' 9a 87. His dates are on Cowling's gravestone.
  10. ^ Margaret Jerram née Cowling (c.1855 or 1857 – 1939). GRO index: Deaths Mar 1939 Jerram Margaret 84 Crosby 8b 818.
  11. ^ Major Cowling (Pateley Bridge 18 January 1831 – 14 July 1866). GRO index: Deaths Sep 1866 Cowling Major 36 Knaresbro' 9a 71. His dates are on his gravestone. His death certificate says: 14th July 1866, Pit Villa, Low Harrogate, Pannal. Major Cowling, 36 years, a sculptor (master). Pleurisy, pneumonia, exhaustion, certified. Elizabeth Cowling present at the death, Pit Villa,
  12. ^ During the 19th century in the United Kingdom, the title, "master", meant that one was sufficiently master of one's trade such that work could be obtained by recommendation, and one could attract skilled employees and apprentices to the business It did not imply university training or college qualifications.
  13. ^ Richard Dyson (flourished 1868) was an architect based in Harrogate. The architect Henry Edwin Bown was articled to him.

References

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  1. ^ North Yorkshire Church of England Deaths and Burials 1813-1849. Pateley Bridge: Church of England. 18 December 1833. p. 166. Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Ancestry. No. 1328. Chapelry of Pateley Bridge 1833. Thomas Cowling. Low Bishopside. December 18th. 86 years.
  2. ^ a b c North Yorkshire Church of England Baptisms. Pateley Bridge. 1765-1795. Pateley Bridge (Byrel): Church of England. 6 July 1794. Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Ancestry. July 6. George son of Thos and Anne Cowling. Byrel.
  3. ^ North of England Church of England Marriages. Pateley Bridge. 1778-1800. Pateley Bridge: Church of England. 7 April 1788. p. 23. Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Ancestry. 1788. No. 169. Thos Cowling widower and Anne Swainston spinster both in this parish. 7 April 1788. Signed: Thomas Cowling. X her mark Anne Swainston.
  4. ^ a b c West Yorkshire Church of England Births and Baptisms. Harrogate: Church of England. 28 March 1834. p. 124. Retrieved 6 August 2024 – via Ancestry. The parents are named as George and Mary Cowling, but Mary is a widow.
  5. ^ a b England and Wales Christening Index 1530-1980. Harrogate: HM Government. 28 March 1834. Retrieved 6 August 2024 – via Ancestry.
  6. ^ "1851 England Census. Craggs, Bishopside. HO107/2280. Page 5. schedule 14". ancestry.co.uk. H.M. Government. Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Ancestry. George Cowling, age 34, stone mason. Born in Bishopside, with wife Elizabeth and 6 children.
  7. ^ "1841 England Census. Chapel Street, Harrogate". ancestry.co.uk. H.M. Government. 1841. Retrieved 6 August 2024 – via Ancestry.
  8. ^ "1851 England Census, Foster's Yard, Harrogate. HO107/2282. Page 23, schedule 102". ancestry.co.uk. H.M. Government. Retrieved 6 August 2024 – via Ancestry.
  9. ^ a b West Yorkshire Church of England Marriages. St Robert's Church, Pannal: Church of England. 29 March 1855. p. 71. Retrieved 10 August 2024 – via Ancestry.
  10. ^ "Marriages: Jerram-Cowling". Ripon Gazette. 16 October 1879. p. 8 col.2. Retrieved 5 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. ^ "Marriages". Ripon Gazette. 18 October 1879. p. 8 col.1. Retrieved 5 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ Donaldson, K.; Wallace, W.A.; Henry, C.; Seaton, A. (2017). "Death in the New Town: Edinburgh's hidden story of stonemasons' silicosis". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 47 (4). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  13. ^ Barnes, Hayley; Goh, Nicole S.L.; Leong, Tracy L.; Hoy, Ryan (13 September 2019). "Silica-associated lung disease: An old-world exposure in modern industries". Respirology. doi:10.1111/resp.13695. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  14. ^ "1871 England Census, Pott Villa, St Mary's Parish, Harrogate. RG10/4289. Page 38, schedule 236". ancestry.co.uk. H.M. Government. 1871. Retrieved 6 August 2024 – via Ancestry. Pott or Pitt Villa, Elizabeth Cowlin lodging house keeper, with children George, Margaret, Mary, Minnie, Ann and Thomas.
  15. ^ "In the County Court of Yorkshire". Leeds Intelligencer. 10 October 1863. p. 4 col.2. Retrieved 5 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  16. ^ "Local bankrupts". Yorkshire Gazette. 17 October 1863. p. 12 col.2. Retrieved 5 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. ^ "List of bankrupts". Durham Chronicle. 16 October 1863. p. 2 col.2. Retrieved 5 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  18. ^ Chalmers, Graham (28 August 2020). "Hope remains that one of Harrogate's most beautiful churches can be saved from its slow decline even as voices of concern are raised over its future". Harrogate Advertiser. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  19. ^ "Harrogate: Enlargement of Low Harrogate Church". Leeds Intelligencer. 17 March 1866. p. 7 col.6. Retrieved 14 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ "The oldest church in Harrogate unsafe". Yorkshire Evening Post. 5 January 1903. p. 3 col.3. Retrieved 24 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Harrogate's First Ring of Bells". harrogatebellringers.org. Bell Ringing in Harrogate. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
[edit]

Media related to Major Cowling at Wikimedia Commons

Relatives who were stonemasons
Font
  • [6] QUESTION OF LOCATION OF OLD ST MARY'S FONT.
  • [7]
Silicosis
Citations to be researched



Category:1830 births Category:1866 deaths Category:English male sculptors Category:19th-century British male artists Category:People from Harrogate Category:Culture in West Yorkshire Category:Culture in North Yorkshire Category:History of Yorkshire Category:Monumental masons

  1. ^ "John Cowling". Dundee, Perth, and Cupar Advertiser. 20 May 1862. p. 8 col.7. Retrieved 14 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  2. ^ "Fatal railway accident". North London News. 24 May 1862. p. 2 col.3. Retrieved 14 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  3. ^ "A man killed on the Pateley Bridge rail". Leeds Intelligencer. 24 May 1862. p. 6 col.7. Retrieved 14 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  4. ^ "Trap accident". Pateley Bridge & Nidderdale Herald. 9 September 1899. p. 4 col.1. Retrieved 14 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  5. ^ "Uttering counterfeit coin". Knaresborough Post. 23 July 1881. p. 4 col.4. Retrieved 14 August 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  6. ^ Chalmers, Graham (28 August 2020). "Where now for Harrogate's much-loved St Mary's Church after decades of decline and deterioration". Harrogate Advertiser. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  7. ^ "Church of St Mary, Harlow Terrace, Harrogate - North Yorkshire Council (UA)". Historic England. H.M. Government. 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
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