User:Stilltim/congress - 26th United States Congress - state detail

United States Capitol

The Twenty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1839 to March 3, 1841, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

This article supplements the general article with a list of the members by state delegation.

see also: 26th Congress - general

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1839 - March 3, 1841

• First session: December 2, 1839 - July 21, 1840
• Second session: December 7, 1840 - March 3, 1841 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 25th Congress - state detail
Next congress: 27th Congress - state detail

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate Democratic (D) : 30 (majority) Whig (W) : 22 TOTAL members: 52

House of Representatives Democratic (D) : 125 (majority) Whig (W) : 109 Anti Masonic (AM) : 6 Conservative-Virginia (C) : 2 TOTAL members: 242

Leadership

Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Richard M. Johnson, Democratic of Kentucky
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • William R. King, Democratic of Alabama, elected December 2, 1839

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Robert M.T. Hunter, Democratic of Virginia, elected December 16, 1839

Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1840; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1842.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate

• 2: William R. D. King (1786-1853), Democratic
• 3: Clement C. Clay (1789-1866), Democratic

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: Reuben Chapman (1799-1882), Democratic
• 2: David Hubbard (1792-1874), Democratic
• 3: George W. Crabb (1804-1846), Whig
• 4: Dixon H. Lewis (1802-1848), Democratic
• 5: James Dellet (1788-1848), Whig

Arkansas

Senate

• 2: William S. Fulton (1795-1844), Democratic
• 3: Ambrose H. Sevier (1801-1848), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Edward Cross (1798-1887), Democratic

Connecticut

Senate

• 3: Perry Smith (1783-1852), Democratic
• 1: Thaddeus Betts (1789-1840), Whig …died April 7, 1840.

  Jabez W. Huntington (1788-1847), Whig …elected to fill vacancy May 4, 1840.

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• A/L: Joseph Trumbull (1782-1861), Whig
• A/L: William L. Storrs (1795-1861), Whig …resigned in June 1840.

  William W. Boardman (1794-1871), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

• A/L: Thomas W. Williams (1789-1874), Whig
• A/L: Thomas B. Osborne (1798-1869), Whig
• A/L: Truman Smith (1791-1884), Whig
• A/L: John H. Brockway (1801-1870), Whig

Delaware

Senate

• 1: Richard H. Bayard (1796-1868), Whig …resigned September 19, 1839, elected to fill vacancy January 12, 1841.
• 2: Thomas Clayton (1777-1854), Whig

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Thomas Robinson, Jr. (1800-1843), Democratic

Georgia

Senate

• 3: Alfred Cuthbert (1785-1856), Democratic
• 2: Wilson Lumpkin (1783-1870), Democratic

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• A/L: Julius C. Alford (1799-1863), Whig
• A/L: Edward J. Black (1806-1846), Whig
• A/L: Walter T. Colquitt (1799-1855), Whig …resigned July 21, 1840.

  Hines Holt (1805-1865), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 1, 1841.

• A/L: Mark A. Cooper (1800-1885), Whig
• A/L: William C. Dawson (1798-1856), Whig
• A/L: Richard W. Habersham (1786-1842), Whig
• A/L: Thomas Butler King (1800-1864), Whig
• A/L: Eugenius A. Nisbet (1803-1871), Whig
• A/L: Lott Warren (1797-1861), Whig

Illinois

Senate

• 2: John M. Robinson (1794-1843), Democratic
• 3: Richard M. Young (1798-1861), Democratic

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: John Reynolds (1788-1865), Democratic
• 2: Zadok Casey (1796-1862), Democratic
• 3: John T. Stuart (1807-1885), Whig

Indiana

Senate

• 3: Oliver H. Smith (1794-1859), Whig
• 1: Albert S. White (1803-1864), Whig

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• 1: George H. Proffit (1807-1847), Whig
• 2: John W. Davis (1799-1859), Democratic
• 3: John Carr (1793-1845), Democratic
• 4: Thomas Smith (1799-1876), Democratic
• 5: James Rariden (1795-1856), Whig
• 6: William W. Wick (1796-1868), Democratic
• 7: Tilghman A. Howard (1797-1844), Democratic …resigned August 1, 1840.

  Henry S. Lane (1811-1881), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

Kentucky

Senate

• 3: Henry Clay (1777-1852), Whig
• 2: John J. Crittenden (1786-1863), Whig

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: Linn Boyd (1800-1859), Democratic
• 2: Philip Triplett (1799-1852), Whig
• 3: Joseph R. Underwood (1791-1876), Whig
• 4: Sherrod Williams (1804- ), Whig
• 5: Simeon H. Anderson (1802-1840), Whig …died August 11, 1840.

  John B. Thompson (1810-1874), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

• 6: Willis Green ( - ), Whig
• 7: John Pope (1770-1845), Whig
• 8: William J. Graves (1805-1848), Whig
• 9: John White (1802-1845), Whig
• 10: Richard Hawes (1797-1877), Whig
• 11: Landaff W. Andrews (1803-1887), Whig
• 12: Garrett Davis (1801-1872), Whig
• 13: William O. Butler (1791-1880), Democratic

Louisiana

Senate

• 2: Robert C. Nicholas (1793-1857), Democratic
• 3: Alexander Mouton (1804-1885), Democratic

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Edward D. White (1795-1847), Whig
• 2: Thomas W. Chinn (1791-1852), Whig
• 3: Rice Garland (1795c-1861), Whig …resigned July 21, 1840.

  John Moore (1788-1867), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 17, 1840.

Maine

Senate

• 2: John Ruggles (1789-1874), Democratic
• 1: Reuel Williams (1783-1862), Democratic

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• 1: Nathan Clifford (1803-1881), Democratic
• 2: Albert Smith (1793-1867), Democratic
• 3: Benjamin Randall (1789-1859), Whig
• 4: George Evans (1797-1867), Whig
• 5: Virgil D. Parris (1807-1874), Democratic
• 6: Hugh J. Anderson (1801-1881), Democratic
• 7: Joshua A. Lowell (1801-1874), Democratic
• 8: Thomas Davee (1797-1841), Democratic

Maryland

Senate

• 3: John S. Spence (1788-1840), Whig …died October 24, 1840.

  John L. Kerr (1780-1844), Whig …elected to fill vacancy January 5, 1841.

• 1: William D. Merrick (1793-1857), Whig

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• 1: John Dennis (1807-1859), Whig
• 2: Philip F. Thomas (1810-1890), Democratic
• 3: John T. H. Worthington (1788-1849), Democratic
• 4: James Carroll (1791-1873), Democratic
• 4: Solomon Hillen, Jr. (1810-1873), Democratic
• 5: William Cost Johnson (1806-1860), Whig
• 6: Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Democratic
• 7: Daniel Jenifer (1791-1855), Whig

Massachusetts

Senate

• 1: Daniel Webster (1782-1852), Whig …resigned February 22, 1841.

  Rufus Choate (1799-1859), Whig …elected to fill vacancy February 23, 1841.

• 2: John Davis (1787-1854), Whig …resigned January 5, 1841.

  Isaac C. Bates (1779-1845), Whig …elected to fill vacancy January 13, 1841.

House of Representatives (12 seats)

• 1: Abbott Lawrence (1792-1855), Whig …resigned September 18, 1840.

  Robert C. Winthrop (1809-1894), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

• 2: Leverett Saltonstall (1783-1845), Whig
• 3: Caleb Cushing (1800-1879), Whig
• 4: William Parmenter (1789-1866), Democratic
• 5: Levi Lincoln, Jr. (1782-1868), Whig
• 6: James C. Alvord (1808-1839), Whig …died September 27, 1839, before Congress assembled.

  Osmyn Baker (1800-1875), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 14, 1840.

• 7: George N. Briggs (1796-1861), Whig
• 8: William B. Calhoun (1796-1865), Whig
• 9: William S. Hastings (1798-1842), Whig
• 10: Henry Williams (1805-1887), Democratic
• 11: John Reed, Jr. (1781-1860), Whig
• 12: John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), Whig

Michigan

Senate

• 2: John Norvell (1789-1850), Democratic
• 1: Augustus S. Porter (1798-1872), Whig …elected to fill vacancy in class, January 20, 1840.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Isaac E. Crary (1804-1854), Democratic

Mississippi

Senate

• 2: Robert J. Walker (1801-1869), Democratic
• 1: John Henderson (1797-1857), Whig

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• A/L: Albert G. Brown (1813-1880), Democratic
• A/L: Jacob Thompson (1810-1885), Democratic

Missouri

Senate

• 1: Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Democratic
• 3: Lewis F. Linn (1796-1843), Democratic

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• A/L: Albert G. Harrison (1800-1839), Democratic …died September 7, 1839.

  John Jameson (1802-1857), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 12, 1839.

• A/L: John Miller (1781-1846), Democratic

New Hampshire

Senate

• 2: Henry Hubbard (1784-1857), Democratic
• 3: Franklin Pierce (1804-1869), Democratic

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• A/L: Charles G. Atherton (1804-1853), Democratic
• A/L: Edmund Burke (1809-1882), Democratic
• A/L: Ira A. Eastman (1809-1881), Democratic
• A/L: Tristram Shaw (1786-1843), Democratic
• A/L: Jared W. Williams (1796-1864), Democratic

New Jersey

Senate

• 1: Samuel L. Southard (1787-1842), Whig
• 2: Garret D. Wall (1783-1850), Democratic

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• A/L: William R. Cooper (1793-1856), Democratic …contested election, seated March 10, 1840.
• A/L: Philemon Dickerson (1788-1862), Democratic …contested election, seated March 10, 1840.
• A/L: Joseph Kille (1790-1865), Democratic …contested election, seated March 10, 1840.
• A/L: Joseph F. Randolph (1803-1873), Whig
• A/L: Daniel B. Ryall (1798-1864), Democratic …contested election, seated March 10, 1840.
• A/L: Peter D. Vroom (1791-1873), Democratic …contested election, seated March 10, 1840.

New York

Senate

• 3: Silas Wright, Jr. (1795-1847), Democratic
• 1: Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (1795-1864), Whig

House of Representatives (40 seats)

• 1: Thomas B. Jackson (1797-1881), Democratic
• 2: James De la Montanya (1798-1849), Democratic
• 3: Edward Curtis (1801-1856), Whig
• 3: Moses H. Grinnell (1803-1877), Whig
• 3: Josiah Ogden Hoffman (1793-1856), Whig
• 3: James Monroe (1799-1870), Whig
• 4: Gouverneur Kemble (1786-1875), Democratic
• 5: Charles Johnston (1793-1845), Whig
• 6: Nathaniel Jones (1788-1866), Democratic
• 7: Rufus Palen (1807-1844), Whig
• 8: John Ely (1774-1849), Democratic
• 8: Aaron Vanderpoel (1799-1870), Democratic
• 9: Hiram P. Hunt (1796-1865), Whig
• 10: Daniel D. Barnard (1797-1861), Whig
• 11: Anson Brown (1800-1840), Whig …died June 14, 1840.

  Nicholas B. Doe (1786-1856), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

• 12: David A. Russell (1780-1861), Whig
• 13: Augustus C. Hand (1803-1878), Democratic
• 14: John Fine (1794-1867), Democratic
• 15: Peter J. Wagner (1795-1884), Whig
• 16: Andrew W. Doig (1799-1875), Democratic
• 17: David P. Brewster (1801-1876), Democratic
• 17: John G. Floyd (1806-1881), Democratic
• 18: Thomas C. Chittenden (1788-1866), Whig
• 19: John H. Prentiss (1784-1861), Democratic
• 20: Judson Allen (1797-1880), Democratic
• 21: John C. Clark (1793-1852), Whig
• 22: Amasa Dana (1792-1867), Democratic
• 22: Stephen B. Leonard (1793-1876), Democratic
• 23: Nehemiah H. Earll (1787-1872), Democratic
• 23: Edward Rogers (1787-1857), Democratic
• 24: Christopher Morgan (1808-1877), Whig
• 25: Theron R. Strong (1802-1873), Democratic
• 26: Francis Granger (1792-1868), Whig
• 27: Meredith Mallory ( - ), Democratic
• 28: Thomas Kempshall (1796c-1865), Whig
• 29: Seth M. Gates (1800-1877), Whig
• 30: Luther C. Peck (1800-1876), Whig
• 31: Richard P. Marvin (1803-1892), Whig
• 32: Millard Fillmore (1800-1874), Whig
• 33: Charles F. Mitchell (1808c- ), Whig

North Carolina

Senate

• 2: Bedford Brown (1795-1870), Democratic …resigned November 16, 1840.

  Willie P. Mangum (1792-1861), Whig …elected to fill vacancy November 25, 1840.

• 3: Robert Strange (1796-1854), Democratic …resigned November 16, 1840.

  William A. Graham (1804-1875), Whig …elected to fill vacancy November 25, 1840.

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: Kenneth Rayner (1808-1884), Whig
• 2: Jesse A. Bynum (1797-1868), Democratic
• 3: Edward Stanly (1810-1872), Whig
• 4: Charles B. Shepard (1808-1843), Democratic
• 5: James I. McKay (1793-1853), Democratic
• 6: Micajah T. Hawkins (1790-1858), Democratic
• 7: Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), Whig
• 8: William Montgomery (1789-1844), Democratic
• 9: John Hill (1797-1861), Democratic
• 10: Charles Fisher (1789-1849), Democratic
• 11: Henry W. Connor (1793-1866), Democratic
• 12: James Graham (1793-1851), Whig
• 13: Lewis Williams (1782-1842), Whig

Ohio

Senate

• 3: William Allen (1803-1879), Democratic
• 1: Benjamin Tappan (1773-1857), Democratic

House of Representatives (19 seats)

• 1: Alexander Duncan (1788-1853), Democratic
• 2: John B. Weller (1812-1875), Democratic
• 3: Patrick G. Goode (1798-1862), Whig
• 4: Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), Whig …resigned May 30, 1840.

  Jeremiah Morrow (1771-1852), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

• 5: William Doan (1792-1847), Democratic
• 6: Calvary Morris (1798-1871), Whig
• 7: William K. Bond (1792-1864), Whig
• 8: Joseph Ridgway (1783-1861), Whig
• 9: William Medill (1802-1865), Democratic
• 10: Samson Mason (1793-1869), Whig
• 11: Isaac Parrish (1804-1860), Democratic
• 12: Jonathan Taylor (1796-1848), Democratic
• 13: Daniel P. Leadbetter (1797-1870), Democratic
• 14: George Sweeny (1796-1877), Democratic
• 15: John W. Allen (1802-1887), Whig
• 16: Joshua R. Giddings (1795-1864), Whig
• 17: John Hastings (1778-1854), Democratic
• 18: David A. Starkweather (1802-1876), Democratic
• 19: Henry Swearingen (1792c-1849), Democratic

Pennsylvania

Senate

• 3: James Buchanan (1791-1868), Democratic
• 1: Daniel Sturgeon (1789-1878), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy in class, January 14, 1840.

House of Representatives (28 seats)

• 1: Lemuel Paynter (1788-1863), Democratic
• 2: John Sergeant (1779-1852), Whig
• 2: George W. Toland (1796-1869), Whig
• 3: Charles Naylor (1806-1872), Whig
• 4: Edward Davies (1779-1853), Anti-Masonic
• 4: John Edwards (1786-1843), Anti-Masonic
• 4: Francis James (1799-1886), Anti-Masonic
• 5: Joseph Fornance (1804-1852), Democratic
• 6: John Davis (1788-1878), Democratic
• 7: David D. Wagener (1792-1860), Democratic
• 8: Peter Newhard (1783-1860), Democratic
• 9: George M. Keim (1805-1861), Democratic
• 10: William Simonton (1788-1846), Whig
• 11: James Gerry (1796-1873), Democratic
• 12: James Cooper (1810-1863), Whig
• 13: William S. Ramsey (1810-1840), Democratic …died October 17, 1840.

  Charles McClure (1804-1846), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1840.

• 14: William W. Potter (1792-1839), Democratic …died October 28, 1839, before Congress assembled.

  George McCulloch (1792-1861), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1839.

• 15: David Petrikin (1788-1847), Democratic
• 16: Robert H. Hammond (1791-1847), Democratic
• 17: Samuel W. Morris (1786-1847), Democratic
• 18: Charles Ogle (1798-1841), Anti-Masonic
• 19: Albert G. Marchand (1811-1848), Democratic
• 20: Enos Hook (1804-1841), Democratic
• 21: Isaac Leet (1801-1844), Democratic
• 22: Richard Biddle (1796-1847), Anti-Masonic …resigned in 1840.

  Henry M. Brackenridge (1786-1871), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 10, 1840.

• 23: William Beatty (1787-1851), Democratic
• 24: Thomas Henry (1779-1849), Anti-Masonic
• 25: John Galbraith (1794-1860), Democratic

Rhode Island

Senate

• 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854), Whig
• 1: Nathan F. Dixon (1774-1842), Whig

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• A/L: Robert B. Cranston (1791-1873), Whig
• A/L: Joseph L. Tillinghast (1791-1844), Whig

South Carolina

Senate

• 2: John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), Democratic
• 3: William C. Preston (1794-1860), Whig

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Isaac E. Holmes (1796-1867), Democratic
• 2: R. Barnwell Rhett (1800-1876), Democratic
• 3: John Campbell ( -1845), Democratic
• 4: Sampson H. Butler (1803-1848), Democratic
• 5: Francis W. Pickens (1805-1869), Democratic
• 6: Waddy Thompson, Jr. (1798-1868), Whig
• 7: James Rogers (1795-1873), Democratic
• 8: Thomas D. Sumter (1809-1874), Democratic
• 9: John K. Griffin (1789-1841), Democratic

Tennessee

Senate

• 2: Hugh Lawson White (1773-1840), Whig …resigned January 13, 1840.

  Alexander O. Anderson (1794-1869), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy January 27, 1840.

• 1: Felix Grundy (1777-1840), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy in class, December 14, 1839, died December 19, 1840.

  Alfred O. P. Nicholson (1808-1876), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy December 25, 1840.

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: William B. Carter (1792-1848), Whig
• 2: Abraham McClellan (1789-1866), Democratic
• 3: Joseph L. Williams (1810-1865), Whig
• 4: Julius W. Blackwell (1797c- ), Democratic
• 5: Hopkins L. Turney (1797-1857), Democratic
• 6: William B. Campbell (1807-1867), Whig
• 7: John Bell (1797-1869), Whig
• 8: Meredith P. Gentry (1809-1866), Whig
• 9: Harvey M. Watterson (1811-1891), Democratic
• 10: Aaron V. Brown (1795-1859), Democratic
• 11: Cave Johnson (1793-1866), Democratic
• 12: John W. Crockett (1807-1852), Whig
• 13: Christopher H. Williams (1798-1857), Whig

Vermont

Senate

• 3: Samuel Prentiss (1782-1857), Whig
• 1: Samuel S. Phelps (1793-1855), Whig

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: Hiland Hall (1795-1885), Whig
• 2: William Slade (1786-1859), Whig
• 3: Horace Everett (1779-1851), Whig
• 4: John Smith (1789-1858), Democratic
• 5: Isaac Fletcher (1784-1842), Democratic

Virginia

Senate

• 2: William H. Roane (1787-1845), Democratic
• 1: William C. Rives (1793-1868), Whig …elected to fill vacancy in class, January 18, 1841.

House of Representatives (21 seats)

• 1: Joel Holleman (1799-1844), Democratic …resigned in 1840.

  Francis Mallory (1807-1860), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 7, 1841.

• 2: Francis E. Rives (1792-1861), Democratic
• 3: John W. Jones (1791-1848), Democratic
• 4: George C. Dromgoole (1797-1847), Democratic
• 5: John Hill (1800-1880), Whig
• 6: Walter Coles (1790-1857), Democratic
• 7: William L. Goggin (1807-1870), Whig
• 8: Henry A. Wise (1806-1876), Whig
• 9: Robert M. T. Hunter (1809-1887), Whig
• 10: John Taliaferro (1768-1852), Whig
• 11: John M. Botts (1802-1869), Whig
• 12: James Garland (1791-1885), Conservative
• 13: Linn Banks (1784-1842), Democratic
• 14: Charles F. Mercer (1778-1858), Whig …resigned December 26, 1839.

  William M. McCarty (1789c-1863), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 26, 1839.

• 15: William Lucas (1800-1877), Democratic
• 16: Green B. Samuels (1806-1859), Democratic
• 17: Robert Craig (1792-1852), Democratic
• 18: George W. Hopkins (1804-1861), Conservative
• 19: Andrew Beirne (1771-1845), Democratic
• 20: Joseph Johnson (1785-1877), Democratic
• 21: Lewis Steenrod (1810-1862), Democratic

Delegates

Florida Territory

• A/L: Charles Downing ( -1845)

Iowa Territory

• A/L: William W. Chapman (1808-1892), Democratic …served until October 27, 1840.
• A/L: Augustus C. Dodge (1812-1883), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 8, 1840.

Wisconsin Territory

• A/L: James D. Doty (1799-1865), Democratic

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists