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Quassia amara

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Uses

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Insecticide

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Quassia amara extract can be obtained by boiling Q.amara chips in water and removing the wood chips afterwards.[1] The extract contains quassin and neoquassin, which have insecticidal properties[2]. The extract can be used to spray fruitlets, shortly after cease blooming.[3][4][5] Insecticidal effects are comparable to the insecticide diazinon. If the extract is sprayed before apple sawfly larvae hatched, Hoplocampa infestation can be reduced with an efficacy of 50%.[3] Q.amara extract in the dosage corresponding to 3-4.5 kg of Q. amara wood chips for 1/ha is optimal.[3] The bitter wood can be dried after boiling and be reused 2 to 3 times.[6][7] The extract of Q.amara can be storaged over half a year (e.g. spring till autumn).[6]

Q.amara is also used as a stomach or contact insecticide against various aphids and moths[8][9], potato beetle[10][4], apple blossom veevil[8] and thephtid fruit fly[11]. Q.amara extract posesses antiparasitic, antibacterial, amoebacidial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.[12][13][14]

References:

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  1. ^ Zijp, J. P.; Blommers, L. H. M. (2002). "Apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea (Hym., Tenthredinidae) and its parasitoid Lathrolestes ensator in Dutch apple orchards (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae)". Journal of Applied Entomology. 126 (6): 265–274. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00665.x. ISSN 1439-0418.
  2. ^ "Acta Horticulturae". www.actahort.org. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  3. ^ a b c "Article". Horticultural Science. doi:10.17221/76/2009-hortsci.
  4. ^ a b Graf, B.; Höpli, H. U.; Höhn, H. (2002). "The apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea: egg development and forecasting of egg hatch". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 105 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.01032.x. ISSN 1570-7458.
  5. ^ Zijp, J. P.; Blommers, L. H. M. (2002). "Apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea (Hym., Tenthredinidae) and its parasitoid Lathrolestes ensator in Dutch apple orchards (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae)". Journal of Applied Entomology. 126 (6): 265–274. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00665.x. ISSN 1439-0418.
  6. ^ a b KREUTER, M.-L. (1995): Pflanzenschutz im Bio-Garten. BLV, München Wien Zürich, 249 S.
  7. ^ SCHMID, O., HENGGELER, S. (1989): Biologischer Pflanzenschutz im Garten. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 270 S.
  8. ^ a b EGGLER, B.D.; GROß, A.; TRAUTMANN, M. (1992): Biologisch aktive Pflanzenauszüge; eine natürliche Alternative bei der Behandlung von Schaderregern im Obstbau. 5. Internationaler Erfahrungsaustausch über Forschungsergebnisse zum Ökologischen Obstbau, 19. und 20.11.1992, Hrsg. Fördergemeinschaft Ökologischer Obstbau, Baden-Württemberg, Ministerium für ländlichen Raum, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, 28
  9. ^ EGGLER, B.D.; GROß, A. (1996): Quassia-Extrakt; neue Erkenntnisse bei der Regulierung von Schaderregern im Obstbau. Mitt. d. Biol. Bundesanst., 321, 425
  10. ^ HÖHN, H.; HÖPLI, H. U.; GRAF, B. (1996): Quassia und Neem: exotische Insektizide im Obstbau. Schweiz. Z. Obst-Weinbau, 3, 62-63
  11. ^ GROß, A., EGGLER, B.D. (1993): Möglichkeiten zur vorbeugenden Behandlung gegen die Kirschfruchtfliege mit Quassia amara. 6. Internationaler Erfahrungsaustausch über Forschungsergebnisse zum Ökologischen Obstbau, 18 und 19.11.1993, Hrsg. Fördergemeinschaft Ökologischer Obstbau, Baden-Württemberg, Ministerium für ländlichen Raum, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, 50
  12. ^ Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Krebs, H. C. (2003-12). "Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Quassia undulata and Quassia amara extracts in vitro". African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 32 (4): 353–356. ISSN 0309-3913. PMID 15259916. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Diehl, Christian; Reznichenko, Natalia; Casero, Rodolfo; Faenza, Laura; Cuffini, Cecilia; Palacios, Sara (2016). "Novel Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiparasitic Activities of Quassia amara Wood Extract". International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine. doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.2.62. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  14. ^ "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM Quassia amara, Solanum sciadostylis AND Artemisia annua ON GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL | Galoá Proceedings". proceedings.science. Retrieved 2019-11-10.