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Phylogeny

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Anthozoa

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new

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[1]

Anthozoa
 Hexacorallia 
 Octocorallia 
 Alcyonacea 

Calcaxonia

Holaxonia

Alcyoniina

Protoalcyonaria

Scleraxona

Stolonifera

Helioporacea

Pennatulacea

Phylogeny of Anthozoa[1]
Anthozoa
Phylogeny of Anthozoa[1]


old

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Phylogeny grouping

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Anthozoa
Alcyonaria (=Octocorallia)

Alcyonacia - (soft corals)

Gorgonacea - (sea fans, sea feathers)

Helioporacea - (= Coenothecalia) (Indo-Pacific blue coral)

Pennatulacea - (sea pens, sea pansies)

Stolonifera - (organ-pipe coral, tree fern coral)

Telestacea - (soft corals)

Zoantharia (=Hexacorallia)
extant

Actiniaria - (sea anemones)

Antipatharia - (black corals, thorny corals)

Ceriantharia - (tube-dwelling anemones)

Corallimorpharia

Ptychodactiaria

Scleractinia - (= Madreporaria) (stony corals)

Zoanthidea

extinct

Cothoniida

Heliolitida

Heterocorallia

Kilbuchophyllida

Numidiaphyllida

Rugosa - (= Tetracoralla) (horned corals)

Tabulata - (tabulate corals)

Tabuloconida

Evolutionary grouping

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Ceriantharia

Actinaria

Corallimorpharia

† Numidiaphyllida

Scleractinia

† Kilbuchophyllida

† Heterocorallia

Rugosa

† Heliolitida

Tabulata

† Cothoniida

† Tabulacondia


Corals only

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Extinct orders, from the Paleozoic (570-245 mya).



   _|---o Corallimorpharia
 _| |_|-* Numidiaphyllida
| |   |-o Scleractinia (stony corals)
| |-----* Kilbuchophyllida
|
|      _|---o Antipatharia (black corals, thorny corals)
|     | |_|-* Heterocorallia
|   |-|   |-* Rugosa
|-|_| |_|---* Heliolitida
  | |   |---* Tabulata
  | |-------* Cothoniida
  |---------* Tabulacondia

Corallimorpharia

† Numidiaphyllida

Scleractinia

† Kilbuchophyllida

Antipatharia

† Heterocorallia

Rugosa

† Heliolitida

Tabulata

† Cothoniida

† Tabulacondia

Brain coral

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Brain coral
Grooved brain coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Subclass:
Order:
Suborder:
Faviina

Vaughan and Wells, 1943
Family:
Faviidae

Gregory 1900
Genera

Agathiphyllia
Antiguastrea
Barbattoia
Caulastraea
Colpophyllia
Cyphastrea
Diploastrea
Diploria
Echinopora
Favia
Favites
Goniastrea
Hadrophyllia
Leptoria
Manicina
Montastrea
Oulophyllia
Platygyra
Thysanus

Brain coral is a common name given to corals in the family Faviidae so called due to their generally spheroid shape and grooved surface which resembles an animal brain. Each head of coral is formed by a colony of genetically identical polyps which secrete a hard skeleton of calcium carbonate; this makes them important coral reef builders like other stony corals in the order Scleractinia.

Brain corals are found in shallow warm-water coral reefs in all the world's oceans. They are part of the phylum Cnidaria, in a class called Anthozoa or "sea flowers." The life span of the largest brain corals is 200 years. Colonies can grow as large as 6 or more feet (1.8 m) high.

Brain corals extend their tentacles to catch food at night. During the day, the brain corals use their tentacles for protection by wrapping them over the grooves on their surface. The surface is hard and offers good protection against fish or hurricanes. Branching corals, such as staghorn corals, grow more rapidly, but those are more vulnerable to storm damage.

Like other genera of corals, brain corals feed on small drifting animals and also receive nutrients provided by the algae which live within their tissues. The behavior of one of the most common genera, Favia, is semi-aggressive; it will sting other corals with its extended sweeper tentacles during the night.

Brain coral spawning.
Brain coral, Caribbean Sea near Esperanza on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico
Black band disease on a brain coral in Caribbean Sea near Bahia de la Chiva on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico
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  • "Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name= ignored (help)
  1. ^ a b c Daly, M. (21-7-2007). "The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1668: 1–766. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.11. ISSN 1175-5326. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)