User:Skinsmoke/Sandbox/Civil parishes/South Yorkshire
A civil parish is a subnational entity, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 93 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of South Yorkshire, most of the county being unparished. At the 2001 census, there were 360,191 people living in the 93 parishes, accounting for 28.4 per cent of the county's population.
History
[edit]Parishes arose from Church of England divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.[1]
The Highways Act 1555 made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways.[2]
The poor were looked after by the monasteries, until their dissolution. In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the Poor Law Act 1601, which made parishes responsible for administering the Poor Law; overseers were appointed to charge a rate to support the poor of the parish.[3] The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the Poor Law powers were transferred to Poor Law Unions.[4] The Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for Rural Districts.[5]
Parishes were run by vestries, meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,[6] although some townships in large parishes administered the Poor Law themselves; under the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882, all extra-parochial areas and townships that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.[7]
Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the Local Government Act 1894, which abolished vestries; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.[7] Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the Urban District, Municipal Borough or County Borough in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of the Poor Law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.[8]
The Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas, and many former Urban Districts and Municipal Boroughs that were being abolished, were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes became unparished areas.[9]
The current position
[edit]Recent governments have encouraged the formation of town and parish councils in unparished areas, and the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.[10]
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;[9] and a civil parish can also gain city status, but only if that is granted by the Crown.[9] The chairman of a town or city council is called a mayor.[9] The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 introduced alternative names: a parish council can now choose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.[11]
List of civil parishes and unparished areas
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Angus Winchester, 2000, Discovering Parish Boundaries. Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pages ISBN 978-0747804703
- ^ RAC Foundation : What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ The Victorian Web : The Poor Law : Introduction Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Staffordshire University : Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Status Details for Rural Sanitary District Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Robert Tittler, The Reformation and the Towns in England, 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages, ISBN 9780198207184
- ^ a b Modern British Surnames : Selected Events in the History of Civil Registration and Boundary Changes 1801-1996 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill, The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils, 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages
- ^ a b c d Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government Act 1972 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Rating Act 1997 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Barnsley County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ardsley; Athersley; Central; Cudworth (part); Monk Bretton; North West; Park; Royston (part); and South West wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d e A Vision of Britain Through Time : Hemsworth Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Barnsley Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j A Vision of Britain Through Time : Penistone Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Cudworth Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Cudworth (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Darfield Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Darfield (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Darton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Darton; and Dodworth (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Dearne Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Dearne South; and Dearne Thurnscoe wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Dodworth Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Dodworth (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Hoyland Nether Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Hoyland (part); and Hoyland East wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Penistone Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Royston Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Royston (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wortley Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wombwell Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Wombwell North; and Wombwell South wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Worsbrough Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Hoyland (part); and Worsbrough wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Adwick le Street Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Adwick; and Bentley Central (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj A Vision of Britain Through Time : Doncaster Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Doncaster Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bentley with Arksey Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bentley Central (part); and Bentley North Road wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Conisbrough Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Conisbrough; and Southern Parks (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Doncaster County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Balby; Bessacarr; Central; Intake; South East (part); Town Field; and Wheatley wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : East Retford Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-27
- ^ a b c d e A Vision of Britain Through Time : Thorne Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-27
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Mexborough Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Mexborough (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Tickhill Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r A Vision of Britain Through Time : Rotherham Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Rotherham Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j A Vision of Britain Through Time : Kiveton Park Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Maltby Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-28
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Rawmarsh Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-29
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Rawmarsh East (part); and Rawmarsh West wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Rotherham County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-29
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Boston; Broom; Central; Greasbrough; Herringthorpe; Kimberworth; Park; and Thorpe Hesley wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Swinton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-29
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Rawmarsh East (part); and Swinton wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wath upon Dearne Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-29
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Brampton, Melton and Wentworth (part); and Wath wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Sheffield Retrieved 2009-08-29
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Sheffield County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-29
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Beauchief; Birley; Brightside; Broomhill; Burngreave; Castle; Darnall; Dore; Ecclesall; Firth Park; Hallam; Handsworth; Heeley; Hillsborough; Intake; Manor; Mosborough; Nether Edge; Nether Shire; Netherthorpe; Norton; Owlerton; Park; Sharrow; Southey Green; and Walkley wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Stocksbridge Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-29
External links
[edit]- Office for National Statistics : Geographical Area Listings
- Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council : Parish and Town Councils in the Barnsley Borough
- Doncaster Council : Town and Parish Councils
- Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council : Rotherham Parish and Town Councils
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