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User:Shinkolobwe/Sandbox 3

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Test to create a supplementary sandbox 3


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AFm phases

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AFm phases are crystalline hydrates with generic chemical formula 3CaO·Al2O3·CaXy·nH2O where n may be comprised between 13 and 19 water molecules.

or:

AFm phases are crystalline hydrates with generic, simplified, formula 3CaO·(Al,Fe)2O3·CaXy·nH2O,
where:

  • CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 represent calcium oxide, aluminium oxide, and ferric oxide, respectively;
  • CaX represents a calcium salt, where X replaces an oxide ion;
  • X is the substituted anion in CaX:
    – divalent  (SO2−4, CO2−3…) with y = 1, or;
    – monovalent (OH, Cl…) with y = 2.
  • n represents the number of water molecules in the hydrate and may be comprised between 13 and 19.[1]


Friedel's salt
2 Ca2Al(OH)6(Cl, OH) · 2 H2O

or,

3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2 · 11 H2O
3CaO·Al2O3·Ca(O,Cl2) · 11 H2O
Carboaluminates

AFm in a table

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In the most studied class of LDHs, the positive layer (c) consists of divalent M2+ and trivalent N3+ cations, and can be represented by the generic formula

[M2+
1-x
N3+
x
(OH
)2]x+ [(Xn−)x/n · yH
2
O
]x-,

where Xn− is the intercalating anion (or anions).

LDH, such as hydrotalcite: Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16 · 4H2O

Different AFm phases as a function of the substituent ion
Ion AFm name Oxide notation LDH formula Reference
AFm-generic 3CaO·Al2O3·CaXy·nH2O Ca4Al2Xy(OH)12·(n-6)H2O
AFm-monohydrate 3CaO·Al2O3·Ca(OH)2·10H2O Ca4Al2(OH)14·4H2O Hydrocalumite (Mindat)
AFm-monosulfate 3CaO·Al2O3·CaSO4·12H2O Ca4Al2(SO4)(OH)12·6H2O Divet (2000)
AFm-monocarbonate 3CaO·Al2O3·CaCO3·11H2O Ca4Al2(CO3)(OH)12·5H2O Divet (2000)
AFm-hemicarbonate 3CaO·Al2O3·½CaCO3·½Ca(OH)2·11.5H2O Ca4Al2(CO3)½(OH)13·5.5H2O Divet (2000)
Friedel's salt 3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O Ca4Al2Cl2(OH)12·4H2O Friedel (1897)
Kuzel's salts 3CaO·Al2O3·½CaSO4·½CaCl2·11H2O Ca4Al2(SO4)½Cl(OH)12·5H2O Glasser (1999)
AFm-nitrate 3CaO·Al2O3·Ca(NO3)2·10H2O Ca4Al2(NO3)2(OH)12·4H2O Balonis & Glasser (2011)
AFm-nitrite 3CaO·Al2O3·Ca(NO2)2·10H2O Ca4Al2(NO2)2(OH)12·4H2O Balonis & Glasser (2011)
References

Mini sandbox

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Mg6Cr2(OH)16CO3·4H2O

Mg6Cr2(OH)16CO3·4H2O

Java scripts

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Java Scripts

  1. ^ Matschei, T.; Lothenbach, B.; Glasser, F. P. (2007-02-01). "The AFm phase in Portland cement". Cement and Concrete Research. 37 (2): 118–130. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.010. ISSN 0008-8846. Retrieved 2022-02-10.