User:Shasha Sun/sandbox

See also: Reproductive health and Women's health

HIV/AIDS[edit]

艾滋病

Maternal HIV rates vary around the world, ranging from 1% to 40%, with African and Asian countries having the highest rates. HIV/AIDS can be transmitted to the offspring during the prenatal period, childbirth, or breastfeeding. If a mother is infected with the HIV/AIDS virus, there is a 25% chance that she will pass on the virus to her offspring if she does not receive proper treatment during pregnancy; on the other hand, if a mother is treated during her pregnancy, there is a 98% chance that her baby will not become infected.

孕妇的艾滋病发病率在世界各地各有不同，从1%到40%。其中，非洲和亚洲国家的发病率最高。处于产前期、分娩期或哺乳期的孕妇可将艾滋病传播给婴儿。如果孕妇感染了艾滋病病毒且在孕期未接受适当的治疗，那么她的孩子感染该病毒的几率是25%。另一方面，如果孕妇在孕期接受过治疗，她的孩子感染该病毒的几率是2%。

According to UNICEF, the last decade has seen a large increase in death among young children due to HIV/AIDS contracted from their parents, especially in countries where poverty is high and education levels are low. Although several preventative measures do exist, cost and infrastructure are two central problems that international organizations and health agencies find when trying to implement solutions to the problem of mother-to-child HIV transmission in developing countries. Having HIV/AIDS while pregnant can also cause heightened health risks for the mother. A large concern for HIV-positive pregnant women is the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and/or malaria, in developing countries.

根据联合国儿童基金会，过去的十年里，因父母而感染艾滋病的儿童死亡率急剧增长，特别是那些贫穷或教育水平较低的国家。 国际组织和保健机构表示，尽管有相应的防御措施，但是在发展中国家，想要解决母亲传染给孩子艾滋病的问题，费用和基础设施是两大主要障碍。在孕期感染艾滋病也能增加孕妇的健康风险。在发展中国家，感染阳性艾滋病的孕妇感染肺结核和/或疟疾的风险受到广泛关注。