User:Sergiowallsergio/Allomorph
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[edit]In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, or, a unit of meaning that varies in sound and spelling without changing the meaning. [1] The term allomorph describes the realization of phonological variations for a specific morpheme. [1] The different allomorphs that a morpheme can become are governed by morphophonemic rules. These phonological rules determine what phonetic form a morpheme will take based on the phonological or morphological context in which they appear. [2]
English Allomorphy Sections
[edit]In English, the negative prefix in has three allomorphs: [in], [iŋ], and [im]. The phonetic form that the negative morpheme /in/ takes on is determined by the following morphological rules: [3]
- the negative morpheme /in/ becomes [in] when preceding an alveolar consonant (ex. intolerant /in'talərənt/)
- the morpheme /in/ becomes [iŋ] when preceding a velar consonant (ex. incongruous /iŋ'kɔŋruəs/)
- the morpheme /in/ becomes [im] when preceding a bilabial consonant (ex. improper /im'prapər/)
The plural morpheme for regular nouns in English, is typically realized by adding an s or es to the end of the noun. However, the plural morpheme actually has three different allomorphs: [s], [z], and [əz]. The specific pronunciation that a plural morpheme takes on is determined by the following morphological rules: [2]
- Assume that the basic form of the plural morpheme, /z/, is [z] (ex. bags /bægz/)
- The morpheme /z/ becomes [əz] by inserting an [ə] before [z] when a noun ends in a sibilant (ex. buses /bʌsəz/)
- Change the morpheme /z/ to a voiceless [s] when a noun ends in a voiceless sound (ex. caps /kæps/)
Citations from original article that need proper formatting
[edit]- [4] (Jeffers, Robert J.; Lehiste, Ilse (1979). Principles and Methods for Historical Linguistics. MIT Press) [5] (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams (2011) An Introduction to Language (9th edition), Wadsworth, Cengage Learning: Boston, USA, pp. 268-272.)
References
[edit]- ^ a b TARNI, PRASAD (2019-07-01). A COURSE IN LINGUISTICS, THIRD EDITION. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-93-88028-96-7.
- ^ a b Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina (2018). An Introduction to Language (11th Edition). Cengage Learning. pp. 218–220. ISBN 9781337559577.
- ^ Moravcsik, Edith (2019-11-11). "Accounting for Variation in Language". Open Linguistics. 5 (1): 369–382. doi:10.1515/opli-2019-0020.
- ^ Jeffers, Robert; Lehiste, Ilse (1982). Principles and Methods for Historical Linguistics. The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262600118.
- ^ Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina (2003). An Introduction to Language (9th Edition). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. pp. 268–272. ISBN 9781439082416.