User:Sam.roebuck/Milecastle 29
Milecastle 29 | |
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Northumberland, England, UK | |
Location in Northumberland | |
Coordinates | 55°02′03″N 2°10′32″W / 55.034267°N 2.175435°W |
Grid reference | NY88887109 |
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Milecastle 29 (Tower Tye) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. Its remains exist as a mutilated earth platform accentuated by deep robber-trenches around all sides, and are located beside the B6318 Military Road. Like Milecastles 9, 23, 25, and 51, a ditch has been identified around the Milecastle, and is still visible to a small extent. It has been postulated that this was as a result of the need for drainage on the site.[1]
Construction
[edit]Milecastle 29 was a long-axis milecastle though the gateway type cannot be identified. Such milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the legio VI Victrix who were based in Eboracum (York), or by the legio XX Valeria Victrix who were based in Deva Victrix (Chester).[2]
The milecastle was stated in 1840 as having dimensions of 63 feet (19 m) North-South by 58 feet (18 m) East-West with both southern corners (away from the wall) being rounded off.[3]
The presence of a milecastle ditch is still evident, including a causeway crossing the ditch opposite the milecastle's south gate. A break in the north mound of the vallum and causeway over the vallum ditch (offset to the east) is also present. There is also disputable evidence of a causeway over the wall ditch opposite the milecastle's north gate.[3]
Excavations and investigations
[edit]- Pre-1732 - The milecastle is visited by John Horsley (Archaeologist). He felt that the milecastle may be detached from the wall. No subsequent evidence supports this.[4]
- 1840 - Rev John Hodgson reports the dimensions of the milecastle, and describes the southern corners as rounded.[5]
- 1858 - Maclauchlan reports that the milecastle's remains "have been long since demolished, and low banks covered with turf were left to indicate where the walls had been".[6]
- 1957 - The Handbook to the Roman Wall 11th edition is published, noting that the milecastle was "long axis", and the presence of indications of an external ditch, in this case at the south-west angle, and also on the east side; the purpose possibly being for drainage.[7]
- 1989 - English Heritage Field Investigation (as part of the Hadrian's Wall Project). It was noted that the milecastle survived as clearly defined robber trenches on all sides, and that the well-defined hollow of an external ditch existed at the south-west side.[1]
Associated Turrets
[edit]Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 29 are known as Turret 29A and Turret 29B.
Turret 29A
[edit]Turret 29A (Black Carts) is located about 100 metres (110 yd) east of the minor road to Simonburn, and exists within a 460 metres (500 yd) long stretch of extant curtain wall. Although severely robbed on the south side, the masonary stands up to eleven courses high in the recess. The turret was excavated in 1873, 1912 and finally in 1971, prior to being consolidated by the Department of the Environment. During these excavations, fragments of millstones were found, along with coins of Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian and Constantine (in quantities higher than are usually recovered).[8][3]
The internal measurements of the turret are 3.45 metres (11.3 ft) by 3.40 metres (11.2 ft) and it is of a type thought to have been built by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix. The entrance is 0.9 metres (3.0 ft) wide, and located in the east side of the south wall.[3][8]
Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 55°02′10″N 2°10′57″W / 55.036009°N 2.182452°W
Turret 29B
[edit]Turret 29B (Limestone Bank) remains as a low earthwork, turf covered with little (if any) visible masonary. The track connecting the turret to the Military Way can also be discerned.[9]
Excavations in 1912 revealed the turret to have wing walls, and a very similar layout to Turet 29A. Roofing slabs (many pireced by nails) were found among debris inside the turret, along with three large flagstones, possibly from an upper floor. Below these were two occupation levels. The later floor was of flags, and the original, clay. On the south-west corner, on the later floor, a masonary platform had been constructed. Beside the east wall, an amphora had been set into the clay and cobbles, while a hearth lay against the west wall. The following artefacts were also discovered:[3]
- Shield boss
- Spear head
- Brooches
- Melon Bead
- Gaming board
- Millstone fragments
- 2 Flints
- Pottery revealing that occupation did not extend beyond the second century AD
Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 55°02′15″N 2°11′22″W / 55.037481°N 2.189484°W
Monument Records
[edit]Monument | Monument Number | National Monuments Record Number |
Milecastle 29 | 16683 | NY 87 SE 3 |
Turret 29A | 16686 | NY 87 SE 4 |
Turret 29B | 16689 | NY 87 SE 5 |
Public Access
[edit]Only worth adding this section if there are extant remains. Access to Milefortlet and turrets.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Milecastle 29". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 21 Feb 2012.
- ^ David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). Hadrian's Wall. Allen Lane. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0140271821.
- ^ a b c d e Breeze, David J (1934), Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006), Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 211–212, ISBN 0901082651
- ^ Horsley, John (1732), Britannia Romana or the Roman Antiquities of Britain, Frank Graham (published 1974), p. 145, ISBN 085983090X
- ^ Hodgson, Rev John (1840), A History of Northumberland, Part II, Vol III, Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 279
- ^ Maclauchlan, Henry (1858), Memoir Written During A Survey Of The Roman Wall: Through The Counties Of Northumberland And Cumberland, In The Years 1852-1854, Kessinger Publishing Co, p. 95, ISBN 1437058035
- ^ Bruce, J Collingwood (1957), Handbook to the Roman Wall (11th edition), Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 101
- ^ a b "Turret 29A". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 22 Feb 2012.
- ^ "Turret 29B". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 22 Feb 2012.
Bibliography
[edit]- Daniels, Charles (1979), "Review: Fact and Theory on Hadrian's Wall", Britannia, 10: 357–364, doi:10.2307/526069, JSTOR 526069