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More Phyte words to add to the -phyte article

Like many botanical terms, phyte words often have more than one definition, e.g. Crytophyte, Geophyte, Hydrophyte, and Ombrophyte. Heterophyte has at least six different definitions. The same definition is also often shared by more than one term, e.g. Aerophyte and Epiphyte, Cryptophyte and Geophyte. Meanings have often changed over time. Hydrophyte was originally defined as an aquatic plant and still is in the Oxford unabridged dictionary. However, many current texts define it more broadly as any plant that requires a lot of water. Technically, it might be more accurate to use hygrophyte with mesophyte and xerophyte and keep hydrophyte defined as an aquatic plant.

Most of these words are not used much anymore but many are rather interesting. Naming a species as an example for each term would be a challenge.

WATER

a) - Done

Xerophyte - adapted to dry conditions Mesophyte - adapted to medium moisture conditions Hydrophyte - adapted to high moisture conditions or an aquatic plant

b) - Done

Mesohydrophyte - intermediate between mesophyte and hydrophyte Mesoxerophyte - intermediate between mesophyte and xerophyte Dissophyte - shoots xerophytic and roots mesophytic Dyssophyte - sometimes a hydrophyte, sometimes an epiphyte

c) - Done

Hygrophyte - thriving in very wet soil, roughly a hydrophyte Ombrophyte - capable of withstanding a lot of rain Phreatophyte - obtaining water directly from a water table or the soil just above it Helophyte or Limnodophyte - marsh plant Amphiphyte - amphibious plant Plotophyte - floating, with stomata on upper leaf surface only Emophyte - completely submerged, no functional stomata Benthophyte - plant living at the bottom of a body of water Oceanophyte - growing in the ocean

LIGHT

Done

Heliophyte -thriving in or tolerating full sunlight Sciophyte, Skiophyte, or Ombrophyte - thriving in or tolerating shade

SOIL

Done (except Nitrophyte)

Oxyphyte - growing in soil that lacks oxygen

Halophyte - adapted to a saline soil or influenced by salt water Glycophyte - adapted to nonsaline soil Drimyphytes - salt-plants

Oxylophyte - adapted to acid soils Gypsophyte - adapted to chalk or limestone plants Nitrophytes - potash-loving plants?

Lithophyte - growing on rock or on rocky soil Edaphophyte - with roots in soil and shoots in air

Melangeophyte - loam or alluvium plant Spiladophyte - clay plant Europhyte - leaf mold plant

===BUD LOCATION=== (Raunkaier's Life Forms)

Epiphyte - air plant, no roots in soil Phanerophyte - overwintering buds well above soil surface Chamaeophyte - overwintering buds at soil surface Hemicryptophyte - overwintering buds just beneath soil surface Cryptophyte or Geophyte - deeply buried buds, often in tubers or bulbs Hydrophyte - overwintering buds under water Therophyte - overwinter strictly as seeds, annuals

Megaphanerophyte - phanerophyte > 30 m tall Mesophanerophyte - phanerophyte 8 to 30 m tall Microphanerophyte - phanerophyte 2 to 8 m tall Nanophanerophyte - phanerophyte < 2 m tall

Protohemicrytophyte - leaves fully developed in middle but undeveloped at base of stem Xerogeophyte - geophyte with resting period in the dry season

NUTRITION

Holophyte, Autophyte, or Rhizophyte - autotrophic plant Heterophyte - saprophyte or biophyte, also defined as obligate heterotroph, parasite lacking chlorophyll, a species with a wide variety of habitats, a dioecious sporophyte, or with leaves and flowers on different stems Biophyte, Histophyte, or Oophyte - parasitic plant Hemiautophyte - biophyte with chlorophyll Saprophyte, Coprophyte, or Hysterophyte - obtaining energy from dead organic matter Hemisaprophyte - functioning as a saprophyte but can be an holophyte Holosaprophyte - an obligate saprophyte Autophyte - not a saprophyte Carnivorophyte - carnivorous plant

EPIPHYTES

Epiphyte or Aerophyte - growing on another plant, instead of in soil, but not parasitic on it Hemiepiphyte - rooting first in soil before forming aerial roots Protoepiphyte - pure epiphyte, not a hemiepiphyte Ant-epiphyte - cultivated by ants Nest-epiphyte - accumulating humus around itself Pseudoepiphyte - stems die at base and upper plant parts survive with aerial roots Tank-epiphyte - roots only function in anchorage

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Gametophyte - usually haploid part of a plant's life cycle which produces gametes Sporophyte - usually diploid part of a plant's life cycle which produces asexual spores Xeniophyte or Xenophyte - usually triploid endosperm of angiosperms, may be considered a third generation of life cycle Orthophyte - both gametophyte and sporophyte

Megagametophyte - arising from a megaspore, female gametophyte Microgametophyte - producing microgametes, male gametophyte

Androphyte - male plant Gynophyte - female plant

Amorphophyte - with anamolous flowers

INTRODUCED & CULTIVATED PLANTS & WEEDS

Done

a)

Agrophyte - agricultural plant Anthropophyte - plant introduced via cultivation Hemerophyte - introduced by humans Dendrophyte - orchard plants

b)

Ergasiapophyte - plant colonizing cultivated fields Ergasialipophyte - relic cultivated plants Ergasiophygophte - fugitive plant from cultivation Ergasiophyte - foreign cultivated plants introduced on purpose Ergasiphyte - foreign cultivated plant

c)

Apophyte - native plants that invade abandoned fields Archaeophyte - weed introduced in prehistoric times Kenapophytes - colonizing cleared land Leimonapophyte - introduced into grassland

===OTHER PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC TERMS=== (mostly by Frederic Clements)

Done A & B - Still to do C to T - Done X

Acrophyte or Coryphophyte - alpine plant

Actophyte - rocky shore plant

Aigiaphyte - beach or strand plant

Aiphyllophyte - evergreen forest plant

Aithalophyte - evergreen thicket plant

Aletophyte or Chomaphyte - ruderal or wayside plant

Alsophyte - grove plants

Amathophyte - sand-plain plants

Ammochthophyte - sand-bank plant

Ancophyte - canyon plant

Anemophyte - blow-out plants, a hollow in a dune created by wind

Bathyphyte- lowland plant

Chasmophyte or Chasmochomophyte - rock crevice plant

Cheradophyte - sandbar plant

Chersophyte - dry waste plants

Chionophyte - snow plants

Chledophyte - plants growing in waste places

Chomophyte - fissure or ledge plant

Conophoraphyte - coniferous forest plant

Cremnophyte - cliff plant

Crenophytes - plants of springs

Crymophyte- polar plant

Enaulophytes - plants of sand draws

Eremophyte - desert plant or growing under similar conditions

Helohylophyte - wet forest plant

Helorgadophyte - swampy woodland plant

Hydrotribophyte - bad land plant

Hylodophyte - dry woodland plant

Hylophyte - woodland plant

Lochmophyte - thicket plant

Lophophyte - hill plant

Mesothermophyte - temperate plant

Microthermophyte - boreal plant

Namatophyte - brook plant

Nomophyte - pasture plant

Ochthophyte - bank or dike plant

Orgadophyte - open woodland plant

Orophyte - sub-alpine plant

Pagophyte - foothill plant

Pediophyte - upland plant

Pelochthophyte - mud bank plant

Petrodophyte - boulder field plant

Petrophyte - rock plants includes Lithophyte and Chomophyte

Phellophyte - growing among loose stones

Phretophyte - tank plant

Poophyte - meadow plant

Potamophyte - river plant

Psamathophyte - strand plant

Psammophyte - sand plant

Psilophyte - prairie plant

Ptenophylophyte - deciduous forest plant

Ptenothalophyte - deciduous thicket plant

Rhoophyte - creek plant

Rhyacophyte - torrent plant

Scotophyte - darkness plant

Stasophyte - stagnant water plant

Syrtidophyte - dry sandbar plant

Taphrophyte - ditch plant

Telmatophyte - wet meadow plant

Thinophyte - dune plant

Tiphophyte - pond plant

Xeroxylophyte - dry forest plant

Xeropoophyte - heath plant

MISCELLANEOUS

Anemophyte - wind-pollinated plant Anaphyte- plant in which every branch could drop off and form a separate plant Myrmecophyte - ant colony plant Meriphyte - leaf vascular tissue Neophyte - newly introduced plant Pyrophyte - tree with fire-resistant bark Sclerophyte - shrubs with evergreen, drought-resistant leaves Tropophyte or Trophophyte - deciduous plant or broadleaf tree or plant that is adapted to an environment that fluctuates widely during the year. Zoophyte - plant with animal qualities, such as vegetable lamb (Cibotium barometz) or sensitive plant. Now usually defined as an animal with plantlike qualities.

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   *
         o Equisetophyta ~ horsetails
         o Lycopodiophyta ~ clubmosses, spikemosses, quillworts
         o Psilotophyta ~ whisk-ferns
         o Pteridophyta~ ferns

   * Seed-bearing vascular plants - Superdivision Spermatophyta
         o Pinophyta ~ conifers
         o Cycadophyta ~ cycads
         o Ginkgophyta ~ ginkgos
         o Gnetophyta ~ gnetophytes
         o Magnoliophyta ~ flowering plants