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The main languages of Swiss residents from 1950 to 2015, in percentages, were as follows:[6]
Year German French Italian Romansh Other 2015 63.0 22.7 8.4 0.6 5.3 2000 63.7 20.4 6.5 0.5 9.0 1990 63.6 19.2 7.6 0.6 8.9 1980 65.0 18.4 9.8 0.8 6.0 1970 64.9 18.1 11.9 0.8 4.3 1960 69.4 18.9 9.5 0.9 1.4 1950 72.1 20.3 5.9 1.0 0.7 In 2012, for the first time, respondents could indicate more than one language, causing the percentages to exceed 100%.[6]
The German Swiss population’s roots go back to the Celtic tribe of Helvetti. These people were defeated by the Romans in 58 B.C. Because of that, Switzerland’s official name is “Confoederatio Helvetica”. Other Germanic tribes that reached Switzerland throughout the centuries were the Allemani and the Burgundians.
In the Swiss-Italian region of Switzerland, the Leponzi (Leventina), Brenni (Bieno), and Insubrii were the first known settlers in Ticino (Island of Brissago). Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Ticino was ruled by the Lombardic lords, monasteries, or the church, and then by the German rulers or lords, and then by the other Swiss cantons from the fifteenth century to the French Revolution. Due to fear of retaliation Ticino became a free republic and a canton of Switzerland in 1803 after being liberated from international dominance by France or Austria if the regions were incorporated into Napoleon's "Republica Cisalpina.”