User:Rebel Evan/Tecumtum

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Chef Tecumtum, other wise known as Chief John, was chief of the Etch-ka-taw-wah, tribe of natives Americans or indigenes people.[2] Tecumtum name roughly translates to Elk Killer.[3] Tecumtum indigenes tribe lived along the Applegate River in southwestern Oregon. the discovery of gold in this area lead to high tensions between the white settlers and the native tribe.[4] Tecumtum was one of the leaders of -The Rogue River War- where he and his band of Etch-ka-taw-wah solders were one of the last to surrender. In 1862, Tecumtum was released from prison thanks to an apple from his daughters. Once he was out of jail he moved back to Oregon to live on the Grand Ronde Reservation.[5] After a hard and long life Tecumtum died of old age on June 6, 1864, at Fort Yamhill, Oregon.[6]

Article body

Tecumtum was a powerful leader known by a variety of names such as Elk killer, Chief John, old John, and Tyee John[7]. He was chief of the Etch-ka-taw-wah Athabaskan Indians who were the last to surrender in the Rogue River war in 1855-1856[8]. He lived in Deer Creek in Illinois Valley and had three treaties signed prior to the Rogue River War in 1851-1854[9]. Chief John wanted to live in peace and harmony alongside the "white man" but was unwilling to forfeit his lands and grounds to live on a reservation. [10] Tecumtum and Adam, his son, were both "imprisoned in San Francisco for plotting an uprising[11]. In the year of 1861 they soon returned to Oregon’s Grand Ronde Reservation.Tecumtum's date of passing was June 6th, 1864, due to old age[12].

Wars

The discovery of gold brought a plethora of people to Southwestern Oregon in 1850, where Indians and whites were already tense and on the brink of war[13]. Not long after the lynching in 1855 of one of Tecumtum's sons and another tribe member, Jacksonville volunteers massacred a Native American village[14]. After this occurrence, Tecumtum, followed by his men, made their way into the mountains where they spent their time fighting with the whites for a year[15]. In the summer of 1856, the surrendering of Tecumtum and his men became apparent, then he and his people were forced to travel by foot 125 miles to the land they were forced to live upon, now called the Siletz Reservation[16].

References -Tecumtum-

http://www.fortwiki.com/Tecumtum

-The Rogue River War-

Shallenberger, Sara E., "Session 1: Panel 1: Presenter 2 (Paper) -- The Rogue River War 1855-1856" (2021). Young Historians Conference. 10.- https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1220&context=younghistorians[17]

-Merriam, Willis B. “Notes on Historical Geography of Rogue River Valley.”

-Oregon Historical Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1941): 317–22. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20611372.[18]

^ Merriam, Willis B. (1941). "Notes on Historical Geography of Rogue River Valley". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 42 (4): 317–322. ISSN 0030-4727.[19] ^ "Rogue River War (1855–1856)", Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law, 2300 N Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington DC 20037 United States -The People and the River: A History of the Indians of the Upper Rogue River Valley

-Elizabeth Heckert, The People and the River: A History of the Indians of the Upper Rogue River Valley (Ashland: Aquarius Press, 1977), 136.[20]

Oregon Encyclopedia, David Lewis (Takelma, Chinook, Molalla, Santiam Kalapuya), https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/te-cum-ton_chief_john_applegate_john/#.Yh6rQOjMJaQ

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"Tecumtum (Chief John)". www.oregonhistoryproject.org. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
"Tyee"Tecumtum" "Elk Killer" John". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
Ferro, Jen. "LCC Research Guides: Kalapuya: Native Americans of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: Biographies". libraryguides.lanecc.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
"Tecumtum (?-1864)". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
"Tecumtum - FortWiki Historic U.S. and Canadian Forts". www.fortwiki.com. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
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"Tecumtum (Chief John)". www.oregonhistoryproject.org. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
Research, Ethnohistory; Lewis, LLC | David G.; PhD (2016-07-31). "Native Education Campaign: Heroes of the Tribes of Oregon". QUARTUX. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
"Tyee John". t3chnotes. 2014-10-02. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
Ferro, Jen. "LCC Research Guides: Kalapuya: Native Americans of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: Biographies". libraryguides.lanecc.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
Ferro, Jen. "LCC Research Guides: Kalapuya: Native Americans of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: Biographies". libraryguides.lanecc.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
"Tecumtum (Chief John)". www.oregonhistoryproject.org. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
"Tecumtum (Chief John)". www.oregonhistoryproject.org. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
Penner, Liisa (2014). "Swedish Roots, Oregon Lives: An Oral History Project by Lars Nordstrom". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 115 (3): 457a–458. doi:10.1353/ohq.2014.0046. ISSN 2329-3780.
"Tecumtum (Chief John)". www.oregonhistoryproject.org. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
Newton, John Z. (2015-01-01). "https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=ijts-transpersonalstudies". International Journal of Transpersonal Studies. 34 (1–2): 172–186. doi:10.24972/ijts.2015.34.1-2.172. ISSN 1321-0122.  {{cite journal}}: Empty citation (help): External link in |title= (help)
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20611372.  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help): Missing or empty |title= (help)
"Correction". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 119 (2): 317. 2018. doi:10.5403/oregonhistq.119.2.0317a. ISSN 0030-4727.
"Corco approves Ashland proposal". Chemical & Engineering News Archive. 55 (34): 11. 1977-08-22. doi:10.1021/cen-v055n034.p011. ISSN 0009-2347.