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Super VHS (スーパー・ヴィエイチエス) also known as S-VHS, is an improved version of the Video Home System (VHS).[1] The Victor Company of Japan introduced the S-VHS alongside the HR-S7000 in April 1987. By the end of that year, other competitors such as Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, RCA, and Toshiba, had launched their first models of the S-VHS. These models include the Hitachi VT-2700A, Mitsubishi HS-423UR, Panasonic PV-S4764, RCA VPT-695HF, and Toshiba SV-950. S-VHS is standardized under IEC 60774-3 and IEC 60774-4.[2][3]

The S-VHS format, which shares similarities with VHS, employs a color under modulation format to enhance luminance resolution. This is achieved by increasing the luminance bandwidth, with the luminance carrier elevated from 3.4 megahertz (MHz) to 5.4 MHz. In comparison to the standard VHS frequencies of 3.8 MHz (sync tip) to 4.8 MHz (peak white), S-VHS employs 5.4 MHz for sync tip and 7.0 MHz for peak white, resulting in a 60% improvement in luminance picture detail and a horizontal resolution of 420 vertical lines per picture height, as opposed to VHS's 240 lines. Despite these advancements, S-VHS does not address limitations in other critical aspects of the video signal, particularly the chrominance signal. The chroma carrier remains severely bandlimited and noisy, leading to constraints in color resolution due to bandwidth limitations, resulting in a chroma resolution of approximately 0.4 megahertz.

In terms of audio recording, S-VHS maintains the conventional linear (baseband) and high-fidelity (Hi-Fi) Audio Frequency Modulation (AFM) soundtracks found in VHS. Professional S-VHS decks and upscale domestic S-VHS VCRs, such as the Victor HR-Z1, have the capability to record a pulse-code modulation (PCM) digital audio track (stereo 48 kHz) onto S-VHS tape in addition to normal video and Hi-Fi stereo, as well as mono analog audio. The audio processing involves utilizing a high carrier frequency of 3 MHz for the digital audio, employing O-QDPSK (Offset Quadrature Differential Phase Shift Keying) modulation and PCM encoding. The digital audio stream operates at a bit rate of 2.6 Mbps. The bandwidth of S-VHS allows PAL recordings to contain Teletext data along with the normal video signal, offering the capability to display the recorded Teletext data information as an overlay on the conventional TV picture.

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