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The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the Otocephala as a cohort and subdivides it above the level of order as set out below, the classification of extant taxa from the level of order and below follows Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

Cohort Otocephala
- Superorder Clupeomorpha
  - †Order Ellimmichthyiformes
    - †Family Armitagidae A. M. Murray & M. V. H. Wilson, 2013
    - †Family Sorbinichthyidae Bannikov & Bacchia, 2000
    - †Family Paraclupeidae Chang & Chou, 1974 (= Ellimmichthyidae Grande, 1982)
  - Order Clupeiformes Goodrich, 1909
    - Suborder Denticipitoidei Grande, 1982
      - Family Denticipitidae Clausen, 1959 (denticle herrings)
    - Suborder Clupeoidei Bleeker, 1849
      - Family Spratelloididae D. S. Jordan 1925 (dwarf herrings or small round herrings)
      - Family Engraulidae Gill, 1861 (anchovies)
      - Family Clupeidae Cuvier, 1816 (herrings and sprats)
      - Family Chirocentridae Bleeker, 1849 (wolf herrings)
      - Family Dussumieriidae Gill, 1861 (round herrings or rainbow sardines)
      - Family Pristigasteridae Bleeker, 1872 (longfin herrings)
      - Family Ehiravidae Deraniyagala, 1929 (river sprats)
      - Family Alosidae Svetovidov 1952 (shads and sardines)
      - Family Dorosomatidae Gill, 1861 (thread herrings or gizzard shads and sardinellas)
- Superorder Alepocephali Betancur-R, et al., 2017
  - Order Alepocephaliformes N. B. Marshall, 1962
    - Family Alepocephalidae Bonaparte, 1846 (slickheads)
    - Family Platytroctidae Koefoed 1927 (tubeshoulders)
- Superorder Ostariophysi M. Sagemehl, 1885
  - Series Anotophysi Rosen and Greenwood, 1970
    - Order Gonorynchiformes Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman, and Myers, 1966
      - Family Chanidae Günther, 1868 (milkfishes)
      - Family Gonorynchidae Fowler, 1941 (1848) (beaked sandfishes)
      - Family Kneriidae Günther, 1868 (shellears)
      - Family Phractolaemidae Boulenger, 1901 (snake mudheads)
  - Series Otophysi Garstang, 1931
    - Order Cypriniformes Goodrich, 1909
    - Suborder Gyrinocheiloidei Betancur-R, et al., 2017
      - Family Gyrinocheilidae Gill, 1907 (algae eaters)
    - Suborder Catostomoidei Betancur-R, et al., 2017
      - Family Catostomidae Agassiz, 1850 (suckers)
    - Suborder Cobitoidei Fitzinger, 1832
      - Family Botiidae Berg, 1940 (pointface loaches)
      - Family Vaillantellidae Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1977 (longfin loaches)
      - Family Cobitidae Swainson, 1838 (spined loaches)
      - Family Barbuccidae Kottelat, 2012 (scooter loaches)
      - Family Gastromyzontidae Fowler, 1905 (hillstream loaches)
      - Family Serpenticobitidae Kottelat, 2012 (snake loaches)
      - Family Balitoridae Swainson, 1839 (river loaches)
      - Family Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009 (square-head loaches)
      - Family Nemacheilidae Regan, 1911 (brook loaches)
    - Suborder Cyprinoidei Fitzinger, 1832
      - Family Paedocyprididae Mayden & W.J. Chen, 2010 (tiny carps)
      - Family Psilorhynchidae Hora, 1926 (mountain carps)
      - Family Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 (carps)
      - Family Sundadanionidae Mayden & Chen, 2010 (tiny danios)
      - Family Danionidae Bleeker, 1863 (danionids)
      - Family Leptobarbidae Bleeker, 1864 (cigar barbs)
      - Family Xenocyprididae Günther, 1868 (East Asian minnows or sharpbellies)
      - Family Tincidae D. S. Jordan, 1878 (tenches)
      - Family Acheilognathidae Bleeker, 1863 (bitterlings)
      - Family Gobionidae Bleeker, 1863 (freshwater gudgeons)
      - Family Tanichthyidae Mayden & Chen, 2010 (mountain minnows)
      - Family Leuciscidae Bonaparte, 1835 (minnows)
  - Order Gymnotiformes Regan, 1912
    - Family Apteronotidae D. S. Jordan, 1923 (ghost knifefishes)
    - Family Sternopygidae Cope, 1871 (glass knifefishes)
    - Family Gymnotidae Rafinesque, 1815 (gymnotid eels)
    - Family Hypopomidae Eigenmann, 1912 (bluntnose knifefishes)
    - Family Rhamphichthyidae Regan, 1911 (painted knifefishes)
  - Order Characiformes Regan, 1911
    - Suborder Citharinoidei Buckup, 1993
      - Family Citharinidae Günther, 1864 (citharinids)
      - Family Distichodontidae Günther, 1864 (distichodontids)
    - Suborder Characoidei Greenwood et al. 1966
      - Family Crenuchidae Günther, 1864 (crenuchids)
      - Family Alestidae Cockerell, 1910 (African tetras)
      - Family Lepidarchidae Melo & Stiassny, 2024
      - Family Hepsetidae C. L. Hubbs, 1939 (African pikes)
      - Family Tarumaniidae de Pinna, Zuanon, Rapp Py-Daniel & Petry, 2017 (muckfishes)
      - Family Erythrinidae Valenciennes, 1847 (trahiras)
      - Family Parodontidae Eigenmann, 1910 (darter tetras)
      - Family Cynodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 (sabertoothed characids)
      - Family Serrasalmidae Bleeker, 1859 (piranhas and allies)
      - Family Hemiodontidae Bleeker, 1859 (hemiodontids)
      - Family Anostomidae Günther, 1864 (toothed headstanders)
      - Family Chilodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 (headstanders)
      - Family Curimatidae, Gill, 1858 (toothless characiforms)
      - Family Prochilodontidae Eigenmann, 1909 (bocachicos)
      - Family Lebiasinidae Gill, 1889 (lebiasinids)
      - Family Ctenoluciidae Schultz, 1944 (pike characids)
      - Family Chalceidae Fowler, 1958 (tucanfishes)
      - Family Triportheidae Fowler, 1940 (hatchet characins)
      - Family Gasteropelecidae Bleeker, 1859 (freshwater hatchetfishes)
      - Family Bryconidae Eigenmann, 1912 (bryconids)
      - Family Iguanodectidae Eigenmann, 1909 (iguanodectids)
      - Family Acestrorhynchidae Eigenmann, 1912 (freshwater barracudas and biting tetras)
      - Family Spintherobolidae Mirande, 2019 (piquiras)
      - Family Stevardiidae Gill, 1858 (stevardiids)
      - Family Characidae Latreille, 1825 (characids)
      - Family Acestrorhamphidae Eigenmann, 1907 (American tetras)
      - Family Characids incertae sedis
  - Order Siluriformes Hay, 1929
    - Suborder Diplomystoidei Betancur-R, et al., 2013
      - Family Diplomystidae Eigenmann, 1890 (diplomystid catfishes)
    - Suborder Cetopsoidei Nelson et al, 2016
    - Family Cetopsidae Bleeker, 1858 (cetopsid catfishes)
  - Suborder Loricarioidei Bleeker, 1858
    - Family Nematogenyidae Bleeker, 1862 (mountain catfishes)
    - Family Trichomycteridae Bleeker, 1858 (pencil catfishes)
    - Family Callichthyidae Bonaparte, 1835 (callichthyid armored catfishes)
    - Family Loricariidae Rafinesque, 1815 (suckermouth armored catfishes)
    - Family Scoloplacidae Bailey & Baskin, 1976 (spiny dwarf catfishes)
    - Family Astroblepidae Bleeker, 1862 (climbing catfishes)
  - Suborder Siluroidei Bleeker, 1858
    - Family Chacidae Bleeker, 1858 (squarehead or angler catfishes)
    - Family Plotosidae Bleeker, 1858 (eeltail catfishes)
    - Family Ritidae Bleeker, 1862 (velvet catfishes)
    - Family Ailiidae Bleeker, 1858 (Asian schilbeids)
    - Family Horabagridae Jayaram, 2006 (imperial catfishes)
    - Family Bagridae Bleeker, 1858 (bagrid catfishes)
    - Family Akysidae Gill, 1861 (stream catfishes)
    - Family Amblycipitidae Day, 1873 (torrent catfishes)
    - Family Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 (sisorid catfishes)
    - Family Pangasiidae Bleeker, 1858 (pangasid catfishes)
    - Family Siluridae Rafinesque 1815 (sheatfishes)
    - Family Kryptoglanidae Britz, Kakkassery & Raghavan, 2014 (Indian cave catfishes)
    - Family Aspredinidae A. Adams, 1854 (banjo catfishes)
    - Family Auchenipteridae Bleeker, 1862 (intromittant catfishes)
    - Family Doradidae Bleeker, 1858 (thorny catfishes)
    - Family Heptapteridae Gill, 1861 (seven-finned catfishes)
    - Family Phreatobiidae Reichel, 1927 (cistern catfishes)
    - Family Pimelodidae Bonaparte, 1835 (long-whiskered catfishes)
    - Family Pseudopimelodidae Fernández-Yépez & Antón, 1966 (bumblebee catfishes)
    - Family Clariidae Bonaparte, 1845 (airbreathing or labyrinth catfishes)
    - Family Heteropneustidae Hora, 1936 (airsac catfishes)
    - Family Ariidae Bleeker, 1858 (sea catfishes)
    - Family Anchariidae Glaw & Vences, 1994 (Malagasy catfishes)
    - Family Austroglanididae T. P. Mo, 1991 (rock catlets)
    - Family Cranoglanididae Myers, 1931 (armorhead catfishes)
    - Family ctaluridae Gill, 1861 (North American freshwater catfishes)
    - Family Lacantuniidae Rodiles-Hernández, Hendrickson & Lundberg, 2005 (Lacantún catfishes or Chiapas catfishes)
    - Family Amphiliidae Regan, 1911 (loach catfishes)
    - Family Malapteruridae Bleeker, 1858 (electric catfishes)
    - Family Mochokidae Regan, 1912 (squeakers and upside-down catfishes)
    - Family Auchenoglanididae Jayaram, 1966 (flatnose catfishes)
    - Family Claroteidae Bleeker, 1862 (grunter catfishes)
    - Family Schilbeidae Bleeker, 1858 (schilbeid catfishes)<

^[5]

^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 162–163. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
^ "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
^ Thomas J. Near; Christine E. Thacker. "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1): 3–302. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Cobitidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 November 2024.

[Nelson5-1] Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 162–163. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.

[ECOF-2] "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 November 2024.

[VDLEF-3] Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.

[N&T-4] Thomas J. Near; Christine E. Thacker. "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1): 3–302. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.

[5] Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Cobitidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 November 2024.

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