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Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (/ˌdʒuːliˈɑːni/ JOO-lee-AH-nee, Italian: [dʒuˈljaːni]; born May 28, 1944) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He previously served as the United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 1983 and the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1983 to 1989.[1][2]

Giuliani led the 1980s federal prosecution of New York City mafia bosses as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.[3][4] After a failed campaign for Mayor of New York City in the 1989 election, he succeeded in 1993, and was reelected in 1997, campaigning on a "tough on crime" platform.[1][5] He led New York's controversial "civic cleanup" from 1994 to 2001.[1][6] and appointed William Bratton as New York City's new police commissioner.[5] In 2000, he ran against First Lady Hillary Clinton for a U.S. Senate seat from New York, but left the race once diagnosed with prostate cancer.[7][8] For his mayoral leadership after the September 11 attacks in 2001, he was called "America's mayor"[5] and was named Time magazine's Person of the Year for 2001.[9][10]

In 2002, Giuliani founded a security consulting business, Giuliani Partners,[1] and acquired, but later sold, an investment banking firm, Giuliani Capital Advisors. In 2005, he joined a law firm, renamed Bracewell & Giuliani.[1] Vying for the Republican Party's 2008 presidential nomination, Giuliani was an early frontrunner[11] yet did poorly in the primary election; he later withdrew and endorsed the party's subsequent nominee, John McCain.[5] Declining to run for New York governor in 2010 and for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012, Giuliani focused on the activities of his business firms.[1][12][13]

After advising him during his 2016 campaign and early administration, Giuliani joined President Donald Trump's personal legal team in April 2018, remaining on it during the 2020 election. His activities as Trump's attorney have led to allegations that he engaged in corruption and profiteering,[4][10][14] In 2019, Giuliani was a central figure in the Trump–Ukraine scandal,[14][15] Following the 2020 presidential election, he represented Trump in many lawsuits filed in attempts to overturn the election results, making false and debunked allegations about rigged voting machines,[16][17] polling place fraud,[18] and an international communist conspiracy.[17][19] Giuliani spoke at the rally preceding the January 6 United States Capitol attack where he made false claims of voter fraud and called for "trial by combat".[20] Later, he was also listed as an unindicted co-conspirator in the federal prosecution of Trump's alleged attempts to overturn the election.[21][22][23] On August 14, 2023, he was indicted in the prosecution related to the 2020 election in Georgia,[24][25] along with 18 other people.[26][27][28] Later in 2023, Giuliani lost $148 million in a defamation lawsuit regarding comments about the 2020 election in Georgia, and subsequently declared bankruptcy.

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  • In an effort to reform the police department's administration and policing practices, they applied the broken windows theory.[5] Accordingly, Giuliani removed panhandlers and sex clubs from Times Square.[29] As crime rates fell steeply, well ahead of the national average pace, Giuliani was widely credited, though later critics cite other contributing factors.[1]
    • This goes far too in the weeds about his/Bratton's crime policy for the lede. A sentence or two saying civic cleanup and crime policies will suffice
  • The theory states that social disorder, like disrepair and vandalism, attracts loitering addicts, panhandlers, prostitutes, and criminals.[30]
    • It is not necessary to explain broken windows theory in the lede; a link to the article on broken windows theory will suffice
  • Giuliani was arrested on August 23, 2023, and a mugshot was released.[31][32][33]
    • It is not necessary to mention this in the lede; it would logically be inferred that, if indicted, he would be arrested, and, if arrested, he'd have a mugshot taken.
  • In addition, he has often been engaged for public speaking, political commentary, and Republican campaign support.[1]
    • It is quite common for this to be true of any politician of Rudy's stature and therefore need not be mentioned in the lede.
  • As a consequence, his license to practice law was suspended in New York State in June 2021,[34] and in the District of Columbia in July 2021.[35][36]
    • Too specific for the lede
  • In late 2019, Giuliani was reportedly under federal investigation for violating lobbying laws,[37]as a central figure in the Trump–Ukraine scandal,[14] which resulted in Trump's first impeachment.[38]
    • Out-of-date; language shortened to read simply "was a central figure in the Trump-Ukraine scandal.
  • as well as his promotion of conspiracy theories, most notably about the 2018 and 2020 elections.[39][18]
    • Redundant to sentences that outline his comments about the 2020 election
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Robertiello, Gina M. (2012). "Giuliani, Rudolph". In Miller, Wilbur R. (ed.). The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: SAGE Publications. pp. 698–699. ISBN 9781412988780. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  2. ^ "Nomination of Rudolph W. Giuliani To Be an Associate Attorney General". The American Presidency Project. presidency.ucsb.edu. February 20, 1981. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  3. ^ The crime families were the Genovese, Gambino, Lucchese, Colombo, and Bonanno. For more on this, see Winerip, Michael (June 9, 1985). "High-profile prosecutor". The New York Times. p. 37. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Davidson, Adam (May 3, 2018). "Rudy Giuliani and the desperate campaign to protect the president". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e Kelling, George L.; Coles, Catherine M. (1996). Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order And Reducing Crime In Our Communities. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 143–144. ISBN 9780684837383. Archived from the original on February 17, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference lionized was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Sheehy, Gail (June 2000). "When Hillary Clinton and Rudy Giuliani did battle for a Senate seat". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  8. ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth (May 20, 2000). "The Mayor's decision: The overview; cancer is concern". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  9. ^ "Person Of The Year 2001". Time. Archived from the original on September 28, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  10. ^ a b Bergengruen, Vera; Bennett, Brian (October 31, 2019). "How Rudy Giuliani's pursuit of money and power may cost Donald Trump dearly". Time. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  11. ^ Cohen, Marty; Karol, David; Noel, Hans; Zaller, John (2008). The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform. University of Chicago Press. p. 338. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226112381.001.0001. ISBN 9780226112374.
  12. ^ Gross, Samantha; Gormley, Michael (December 22, 2009). "Rudy Giuliani 2010: Ex-Mayor announces that he won't run for office". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010.
  13. ^ Eilperin, Juliet (February 8, 2012). "Rudy Giuliani doesn't regret sitting out 2012 race". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  14. ^ a b c Roth, Andrew (October 30, 2019). "Unravelling Rudolph Giuliani's labyrinthine ties to Ukraine". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  15. ^ "Trump impeachment: The short, medium and long story". BBC News. February 5, 2020. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  16. ^ Kessler, Glenn (November 23, 2020). "Giuliani keeps peddling debunked falsehoods on behalf of Trump". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  17. ^ a b Timm, Jane C. (November 19, 2020). "Rudy Giuliani baselessly alleges 'centralized' voter fraud at free-wheeling news conference". NBC. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  18. ^ a b Kiely, Eugene; Farley, Robert (June 24, 2021). "Rudy Giuliani's Bogus Election Fraud Claims". FactCheck.org. Archived from the original on November 5, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  19. ^ "Rudy Giuliani baselessly links new election fraud claims to 'communist money' from Venezuela – video". The Guardian. Reuters. November 19, 2020. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  20. ^ Kilander, Gustaf (January 6, 2021). "Rudy Giuliani calls for 'trial by combat' to settle election in rant at wild DC rally". The Independent. Washington, DC. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  21. ^ Cohen, Marshall (August 1, 2023). "Who are the Trump co-conspirators in the 2020 election interference indictment?". CNN. Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  22. ^ Reilly, Ryan J.; Dann, Carrie; Dienst, Jonathan (August 1, 2023). "Rudy Giuliani and Sidney Powell appear to be among alleged Trump co-conspirators". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  23. ^ Bromwich, Jonah E. (August 2, 2023). "How Rudy Giuliani Became Co-Conspirator 1". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  24. ^ Gregorian, Dareh (August 15, 2023). "Giuliani charged with breaking the type of law he helped innovate as a prosecutor". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  25. ^ "Former NYC Mayor Rudy Giuliani responds to his indictment by Georgia grand jury". ABC7NY. August 15, 2023. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  26. ^ Cole, Devan; Murray, Sara; Morris, Jason; Cohen, Marshall (August 14, 2023). "Here are the names and titles of all 19 people charged in Georgia case". CNN. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  27. ^ Brumback, Kate; Cooper, Jonathan J. (August 15, 2023). "A look at the 19 people charged in the Georgia indictment connected to Trump election scheme". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  28. ^ Orden, Erica; Cheney, Kyle (August 15, 2023). "19 defendants: Here are all the people charged in the new Trump indictment". Politico. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  29. ^ Jeffrey, Jane E. (2004). "Dramatic convergence in Times Square". In Brown, Phyllis R.; McMillin, Linda A.; Wilson, Katharina M. (eds.). Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Contexts, Identities, Affinities, and Performances. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 251–252. ISBN 9780802089625. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  30. ^ Donner, Christopher M. (2012). "Crime prevention". In Miller, Wilbur R. (ed.). The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: SAGE Publications. pp. 390–395. ISBN 9781412988780. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  31. ^ Chamlee, Virginia (August 23, 2023). "Rudy Giuliani's Mug Shot Released in Georgia Election Meddling Case". People. Archived from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  32. ^ Chao-Fong, Léonie; Yang, Maya; Pengelly, Martin (August 23, 2023). "Rudy Giuliani mugshot released after he surrenders in Trump Georgia case". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  33. ^ Yilek, Caitlin (August 23, 2023). "See Rudy Giuliani's mugshot after the embattled Trump ally turned himself in at Fulton County Jail". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference ReutersSuspended was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (July 7, 2021). "Rudy Giuliani suspended from practicing law in Washington, DC". CNN. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  36. ^ Christina, Wilkie; Mangan, Dan (July 7, 2021). "Rudy Giuliani's DC law license is suspended". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  37. ^ Cite error: The named reference nytinvest was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ "Trump impeachment: The short, medium and long story". BBC News. February 5, 2020. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  39. ^ Oprysko, Caitlin (November 9, 2018). "Giuliani alleges election tampering in Florida races without offering evidence". Politico. Archived from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
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