User:Philcha/Sandbox/Phidippus clarus

Sources

• Sivalinghem2010Polyandry - Vibratory communication in the jumping spider Phidippus clarus: polyandry, male courtship signals, and mating success
• RFB2004Spiders - Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D., Invertebrate Zoology. IBSN 0030259827. ch. "" pp. 571–584
• Portrait of Phidippus clarus - archivedate=Oct 18, 2007 - David Edwin Hill (see Biology of the Salticid Spiders
  • Females range from light brown to bronze-orange
  • captured leafhopper
  • green iridescent chelicerae when exposed
  • forward-facing spines on the first two pairs of legs, used to secure prey
  • females have a broad, tan or light brown band of scales along the anterior opisthosoma. The general color of scales ranges from brown to shiny gold-brown to bright red-orange in different individuals.
  • adult male Phidippus clarus engaged in courtship display, showing the enormous span of the outstretched first legs of these spiders
  • This male P. clarus from Northern Florida is dark black, with iridescent bronze-green chelicerae and bright white scales on the top of the pedipalps. An anterior band of white scales can be seen on the opisthosoma. The dorsal opisthosoma typically has a dark central band surrounded by lateral fields of dark, elongate brick- red to orange scales.
  • Phidippus clarus is a widely-distributed spider of old fields or prairies throughout temperate North America. I have observed these spiders in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, near the Wasatch Mountains in Utah, in the Missouri Ozarks, in southern Minnesota, and in tall grasses in the Big Cypress Swamp of Florida
  • Phidippus clarus spiders are masterful predators, which routinely approach their prey or positional objectives via long indirect or detoured routes between leaves and stems in the open field. I have watched several of these spiders as they moved to the opposite side of a stem from the prey direction during a long running pursuit, apparently in order to avoid detection by the prey.
• Salticid Respiratory Structures - archivedate=Oct 19, 2007 - David Edwin Hill (see Biology of the Salticid Spiders
  • Salticids, like other spiders, make use of two different respiratory mechanisms: book-lungs and tracheae. Each book lung can be viewed as a series of parallel plates or lamellae, each representing a flattened air sac that extends into a hemolymph chamber. Hemolymph pools medially and is pulled between these lamellae into a lateral chamber before flowing dorsally toward the mid-line heart of the spider. One fact that has received little mention in the literature is that each lamella is divided into a antero-lateral area (hemolymph entry) with fixed air-spaces (rigid struts maintain the airspace) and a posterior area (air entry) in which the airspaces are free to expand, since the two walls are not connected. In transparent spiders such as Pholcus or Lyssomanes, the movement of these lamellae can also be observed.
  • Salticids have a pair of large air-sacs which originate anterior to the spinnerets, on the ventral side of the opisthosoma. Tracheae extend from these air-sacs throughout the body of the spider, and one set of tracheae even extends through the pedicel of the spider into medial hemolymph channels associated with the central nervous system.
• Site Affinity of Phidippus - archivedate=Oct 19, 2007 - David Edwin Hill (see Biology of the Salticid Spiders
  • the resting sac, consisting of an outer skein of large, tangled fibers and a fine inner lining of uniform fibers
  • the sac itself is at least a form of protection from the elements (e.g., a pelting thunderstorm)
  • Many clubionid spiders ("sac spiders") share this habitat, and form similar resting sacs.
• A preliminary checklist of spiders of Nacogdoches, Texas - Brown, Katharine M. - 1974 - The Journal of Arachnology - 1 :229-240
  • Phidippus clarus Keyserling: Imm.,(immature) 10mm, in S under bridge, 8 July 1970; Imms., 12mm, 10mm, in S in abandoned shack, 19 August 1970 ; det. WJG. (determined by Willis J . Gertsch) - p. 237
• Spiders of Washington County, Mississippi - Young, Orrey P., TTimothy C. Lockley, G.B. Edwards - 1989 - The Journal of Arachnology - 17 :27-41
  • abundant in cotton, as well as in adjacent habitats
  • Month Collected: MJJASON; CO: C = crop field, O = old-field in early successional state 2-5 years after plowing; HS: H = herbs and grass 0 .5-2 .0 m above ground, S = shrubs 1-4 m above ground; Abundant; SH = collected by = sweepnet or hand
  • tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris
• Spiders in United States field crops and their potential effect on crop pests - Young, Orrey P., G. B. Edwards - The Journal of Arachnology - 1990 - 18 :1-27
  • p. 11: Length of adult female (mm): 8-10; Hunting technique: Wander-Active ; Habitat & strata: Tall grass, bushes
  • p. 22: Grain sorghum: 0; Rice: 0; Sugarcane: LA; Corn: FL,OH; Guar bean: TX; Peanuts: 0; Cotton: AL, AR, LA, MS, TX; Soybean: FL,LA,MO,NC; Alfalfa: VA

Timeline

Chronology

• Early part of the breeding season: Adult males search for nests with immature females. Males cohabit with these females, defending them against intruding males, and then attempt to mate with the females after they mature. (Sivalinghem2010Polyandry)
• Early to mid-July: Mating. (Sivalinghem2010Polyandry)
• Mid- to late July(?): Later in the season, when most females have mated at least once, males wander and may find further mating opportunities outside of nests.(Sivalinghem2010Polyandry)
• Mid- to late August: Laying eggs. (Sivalinghem2010Polyandry)

• General: Courtship displays significantly reduce the longevity of males, whether or not these males successfully copulate. (Sivalinghem2010Polyandry)
• General: Most spiders live only for 1 to 2 years, although tarantulas can reach 25 in captivity. (RFB2004Spiders) p. 583
• General: In Araneomorphae (more "advanced" than tarantulas), each female has two seminal receptacles, in which semen can be kept indefinitely. (RFB2004Spiders) p. 581
• General: how do P. clarus females select which semen to use? They don't!

Resume Sivalinghem2010Polyandry p. 1311 "Discussion"