User:Paramandyr/History section
History
[edit]Herodotus
[edit]The Massagetae were a warlike peoples, that lived beyond the river Araxes, and opposite the Issedones. After Cyrus had conquered the Babylonians, he decided to subjegate Massagetae under his dominion. Cyrus marched his army a day's journey into Massagetan territory. The Massagetae suffered many losses, but more were taken prisoner, including Queen Tomyris's son, Spargapises. Tomyris mustered her army and attacked Cyrus. The battle was fought at close quarters, until the Massagetae had won. The Persian army was obliterated, and Cyrus was killed.
Roman writers
[edit]Ammianus Marcellinus considered the Alans to be the former Massagetae.[1] At the close of the 4th century CE, Claudian (the court poet of Emperor Honorius and Stilicho) wrote of Alans and Massagetae in the same breath: "the Massagetes who cruelly wound their horses that they may drink their blood, the Alans who break the ice and drink the waters of Maeotis' lake" (In Rufinem).
Procopius writes in History of the Wars Book III: The Vandalic War:[2] "the Massagetae whom they now call Huns" (XI. 37.), "there was a certain man among the Massagetae, well gifted with courage and strength of body, the leader of a few men; this man had the privilege handed down from his fathers and ancestors to be the first in all the Hunnic armies to attack the enemy" (XVIII. 54.).
Evagrius Scholasticus (Ecclesiastical History. Book 3. Ch. II.): "and in Thrace, by the inroads of the Huns, formerly known by the name of Massagetae, who crossed the Ister without opposition".[3]
Tadeusz Sulimirski notes that the Sacae also invaded parts of Northern India.[4] Weer Rajendra Rishi, an Indian linguist[5] has identified linguistic affinities between Indian and Central Asian languages, which further lends credence to the possibility of historical Sacae influence in Northern India.[6][4]
According to Guive Mirfendereski at the Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS), the Massagetae are synonymous with the Sakā haumavargā of South Asian historiography.
- ^ Ammianus Marcellinus: "iuxtaque Massagetae Halani et Sargetae"; "per Albanos et Massagetas, quos Alanos nunc appellamus"; "Halanos pervenit, veteres Massagetas".
- ^ Procopius: History of the Wars. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Wars/Book_III
- ^ Ecclesiastical History. Book 3. http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/evagrius_3_book3.htm
- ^ a b Sulimirski, Tadeusz (1970). The Sarmatians. Vol. Volume 73 of Ancient peoples and places. New York: Praeger. pp. 113–114.
The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas)/Massagetan tribes from the Syr Daria Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darian tribes; they also invaded North India.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Indian Institute of Romani Studies Archived 2013-01-08 at archive.today
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Rishi (1982)was invoked but never defined (see the help page).