User:P. S. Burton/List of armistices and peace treaties involving Sweden
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During the 11th and 12th centuries, Sweden gradually became a unified Christian kingdom that later included Finland. Until 1060 the Svear kings of Uppsala ruled most of modern Sweden except the southern and western coastal regions, which remained under Danish rule until the 10th century. After a century of civil wars a new royal family emerged, which strengthened the power of the crown at the expense of the nobility, while giving the nobles privileges such as exemption from taxation in exchange for military service. Finland was taken over. Sweden never had a fully developed feudal system, and its peasants were never reduced to serfdom.
I Sveriges fall har resultaten aldrig varit så drastiska, även om en del freder haft vittgående konsekvenser. Freden i Fredrikshamn år 1809, vår sista fred med Ryssland, påverkar oss sannolikt än idag. I denna fred förlorade Sverige Finland, som sedan tidig medeltid betraktats som en självklar del av Sverige. En väsentlig och vid denna tid naturlig del av riket hade ryckts bort. Upplevelsen tvingade svenskarna att inta en helt ny inställning som sannolikt lever vidare i 1900-talsmänniskan.
On September 17, 1809, the peace treaty between Sweden and Russia was signed in Fredrikshamn. In the peace treaty it was decided that six Finnish provinces, as well as Åland and part of Västerbotten were to be handed over to Russia. The new Russian-Swedish border now stretched through the Sea of Åland, the Gulf of Bothnia, as well as Torne and Muonio River. Sweden were committed to join the Continental System, and cease trade with the United Kingdom. The Treaty of Fredrikshamn signified the definitive end of Sweden as a Great Power in Northern Europe. The signatories were Foreign Minister Nikolai Rumyantsev and the diplomat David Alopaeus for Russia; and Infantry General Kurt von Stedingk together with Colonel Anders Skjöldebrand for Sweden.
From Eric XI to Albert, 1249–1388
[edit]From Margaret I to Christian II, 1389–1520
[edit]From Gustav I to Christina, 1521–1653
[edit]Charles X Gustav to Charles XIII, 1654–1814
[edit]Overview
[edit]- Key
| P | Peace |
| A | Armistice |
| C | Capitulation received by Sweden |
| Sc | Swedish capitulation |
| F | Meeting, or failed negotiations |
- Overview
| Name | Date | Swedish regent | Type | With | Main consequence(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treaty of Lödöse | 1249 | Eric XI | Peace | Norway | Agreement that none of the two kingdoms should support — or provide safe haven for — enemies of the other.[1] |
| Peace of Gullbergshed | 1253 | Valdemar | Peace | Denmark | War with Denmark ends.[2] |
| Peace of Laholm | 1278 | Magnus III | Peace | Denmark | Magnus III's debt to Eric V of Denmark is lowered by 2000 mark silver.[3] |
| Peace of Gotland | 1278 | Magnus III | Peace | Domestic: Conflict between Burghers and peasants of Gotland | Magnus III consolidates power over Gotland. The rights of the peasants of Gotland is reasserted.[4] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Sundberg 1997, p. 23
- ^ Sundberg 1997, p. 26
- ^ Sundberg 1997, p. 29
- ^ Sundberg 1997, p. 30
- Bibliography
- Lindström, Henrik; Lindström, Fredrik (2006). Svitjods undergång och Sveriges födelse (in Swedish). Albert Bonniers förlag. ISBN 91-0-010789-1.
- Sundberg, Ulf (1997). Svenska freder och stillestånd 1249-1814 (in Swedish). Arete. ISBN 91-89080-01-7.