User:Oksana2024/Cystonectae
 | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
Article Draft
[edit]INTRODUCTION
The Cystonectae is a suborder of siphonophores order, which is part of the Hydrozoa class which is within the Cnidaria phylum within the Animalia kingdom.[1]
The suborder Cystonectae includes the Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis) and Bathyphysa conifera, sometimes called the "flying spaghetti monster."
DIET
The nematocysts of Cystonectae, which are a component of their tentacles, are used for capturing prey. They can only penetrate soft exteriors, and are not adept at catching prey with harder outer-bodies such as that of shrimp. Their diet largely consists of fish larvae but can vary slightly depending on the species. Cystonectae have a lack of complexity in the nematocysts, which lessens the variety of foods they can eat. The Physalia physalis consume a variety of bigger fish such as eel larvae and certain small fish and cephalopods.[2]
REPRODUCTION
The reproduction of Cystonectae has been most studied in Physalia physalis. They are dioecious and within their gonophore, they either have female or male gametes. [3]Fertilization occurs in the open waters, outside of the organism.[4] Zoids, which are animals that are their own unit and live, came from individual buds along a stem[5]. And Cystonectae are all long-stemmed.[3]
ANATOMY
The Physalia physalis are a member of the pleuston, which are marine organisms with the ability to interact with the air at the surface of the water. The organism has a float which is gas filled and allows them to float to the very surface.[3] This is a unique feature of this order. They are also identifiable by not possessing swimming bells, which other orders have.[6] Cystonectae are also identifiable anatomically due to the presence of a pneumatophore and a siphosome and lacking a nectosome. This order also has a weaker defense system due to them lacking bracts, which is a shielding mechanism present in other clades.[7]
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cystonectae". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ^ Purcell, Jennifer E. (1984). "The Functions of Nematocysts in Prey Capture by Epipelagic Siphonophores (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa)". Biological Bulletin. 166 (2): 310–327. doi:10.2307/1541219. ISSN 0006-3185.
- ^ a b c Munro, Catriona; Vue, Zer; Behringer, Richard R.; Dunn, Casey W. (2019-10-29). "Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 15522. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ^ Kurlansky, Mindy B. "Physalia physalis (Portuguese man-of-war)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ^ "The evolution of colony-level development in the Siphonophora (Cnidaria:Hydrozoa)". link.springer.com. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
- ^ Gershwin, Lewis; et al. (2014). The Siphonophores. CSIRO Marine and
Atmospheric Research: Hobart. p. 4.
{{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|first=(help); line feed character in|publisher=at position 17 (help) - ^ Dunn, Casey; et al. (2005). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria), with Implications for the Evolution of Functional Specialization". Systematic Biology. 54: 916–935.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|first=(help); line feed character in|title=at position 74 (help)