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Draft texts for merging in pages to be final in future/and or for temporary references

Bibi Shahar Bano

Background North & South Fraction: Parthians were a native tribe of Iran from the northern part of Persia. The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire from 247 BC to 224 AD, and commonly called Persia, comprised of various kingdoms as their subordinate rulers in the central, southern and eastern Asia, thus it can appropriately be defined an Empire of group of vassal kings. In 224 AD, the loosely organized Parthian kingdom (also called Ashkanian dynasty) ended when the last Parthian king was defeated by one of their Persian subordinate ruler, came from modern day Fars (Pars) in southern Iran, and laid the foundation of Sassanid Dynasty in 241 AD, that is also known as Neo-Persian Empire. Pars "Tribe" belongs to Southern Iran who were residents of hot and desert area, such as Shiraz, Yazd, Kerman, Isphahan, Rafsanjan etc. The Parthian just saw this as a change of ruler and a shift in dynasties, thus willingly joined the Sassanid army as they were previously engaged in fighting against Roman invaders for centuries, treating them as common enemy. Many of them were army chief in the Sassanian Army covering both Parthian and Pars factions with titles of Spahbed having their differencent ranks i.e. commander-in-chief (Eran Spahbod), Field General (Spahbod), Commander of a castle (Aragbadh), chief of an infantary division (Payygan Salar) etc.

Pars was the birthplace of the Sasanian Dynasty and Istakhr (an ancient city located in southern Iran, in Fars province, five kilometers north of Persepolis which was popularly known as Takht-e-Jamshid) was the main political and religious centre in Pars during the Sasanian period from Ardashir I to Yazdgerd III. The Sasanian kings were crowned at the Ardashir fire temple in Istakhr. As a result the Sassanin nobility evolved as a mixture of Parthian clans, Parsig (Neo-Persian) or Persian aristocratic families inclusive of families belonged to annexed territories. However, several of once-dominant seven Parthian clans remained of high importance, prominent them were Suren-Pahlav and Karen-Pahlav enjoying the status of great honor together with Persian families. Thus noble families of the Sassanid Empire were ruling branches and administrative functionaries in their own right, although subordinate to Sassanian King (Shahanshah). The empire's territory encompassed all of today's mainland Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Arran (also known as the republic of Azerbaijan), Georgia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Tajikistan, Afghanistan, UAE, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, with eastern parts of Turkey, and parts of Syria and Pakistan.