User:Mr. Ibrahem/Uterine fibroid
| Uterine fibroids | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Uterine leiomyoma, uterine myoma, myoma, fibromyoma, fibroleiomyoma |
 | |
| Uterine fibroids as seen during laparoscopic surgery | |
| Specialty | Gynecology |
| Symptoms | Painful or heavy periods[1] |
| Complications | Infertility[1] |
| Usual onset | Middle and later reproductive years[1] |
| Causes | Unknown[1] |
| Risk factors | Family history, obesity, eating red meat[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Pelvic examination, medical imaging[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Leiomyosarcoma, pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer[2] |
| Treatment | Medications, surgery, uterine artery embolization[1] |
| Medication | Ibuprofen, paracetamol (acetaminophen), iron supplements, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist[1] |
| Prognosis | Improve after menopause[1] |
| Frequency | ~50% of women by age 50[1] |
Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.[1] Most women have no symptoms while others may have painful or heavy periods.[3] If large enough, they may push on the bladder causing a frequent need to urinate.[1] They may also cause pain during sex or lower back pain.[1][4] A woman can have one uterine fibroid or many.[1] Occasionally, fibroids may make it difficult to become pregnant, although this is uncommon.[1]
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unclear.[1] However, fibroids run in families and appear to be partly determined by hormone levels.[1] Risk factors include obesity and eating red meat.[1] Diagnosis can be performed by pelvic examination or medical imaging.[1]
Treatment is typically not needed if there are no symptoms.[1] NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, may help with pain and bleeding while paracetamol (acetaminophen) may help with pain.[1][5] Iron supplements may be needed in those with heavy periods.[1] Medications of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist class may decrease the size of the fibroids but are expensive and associated with side effects.[1] If greater symptoms are present, surgery to remove the fibroid or uterus may help.[1] Uterine artery embolization may also help.[1] Cancerous versions of fibroids are very rare and are known as leiomyosarcomas.[1] They do not appear to develop from benign fibroids.[1]
About 20% to 80% of women develop fibroids by the age of 50.[1] In 2013, it was estimated that 171 million women were affected worldwide.[6] They are typically found during the middle and later reproductive years.[1] After menopause, they usually decrease in size.[1] In the United States, uterine fibroids are a common reason for surgical removal of the uterus.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Uterine fibroids fact sheet". Office on Women's Health. January 15, 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
- ^ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter U. ISBN 978-0323076999.
- ^ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "6. Tumours of the uterine corpus: Uterine leiomyoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 272–276. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
- ^ "Uterine Fibroids | Fibroids | MedlinePlus". Archived from the original on 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- ^ Kashani, BN; Centini, G; Morelli, SS; Weiss, G; Petraglia, F (July 2016). "Role of Medical Management for Uterine Leiomyomas". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 34: 85–103. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.016. PMID 26796059.
- ^ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (5 June 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Wallach EE, Vlahos NF (August 2004). "Uterine myomas: an overview of development, clinical features, and management". Obstet Gynecol. 104 (2): 393–406. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000136079.62513.39. PMID 15292018.